CERN a gateway to fundamental research Research

CERN : a gateway to fundamental research Research & Discovery Training Technology Collaborating

CERN in Numbers • • 2502 staff* 776 Fellows and Associates* 8855 users* Budget (2007) 982 MCHF (610 M Euro) *17 July 2007 • Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland the United Kingdom. • Observers: India, Israel, Japan, the Russian Federation, the United States of America, Turkey, the European Commission and Unesco

CERN: a European laboratory open to the world CERN is open to international collaboration from all over the world. Besides the possibility for any institute with adequate backgrounds to join in the experimental program of CERN through participation in any of the CERN experiments Collaboration agreements (and in many cases formal implementation protocols) have been established with countries and institutes all over the world Countries with continuing collaboration and substantial contribution to the CERN accelerator program obtain the status of ‘Observer State’ which allows formal participation to the Open CERN Council meetings In Asia: Japan, India are observer states

CERN policy towards non-member states is based on enlightened self interest and mutual benefits The strengths of CERN’s relations with different countries depend on the match between CERN’s programme and the means and interests of these countries Since early 2000 the CERN council has endorsed, amongst other directives towards non-member state activities, a policy addressed to increase CERN’s collaboration with the rapidly developing countries in South and East ASIA

CERN priorities with respect to new collaborations • Facilitate completion of LHC and its experiments and assuring a sustainable framework for their exploitation • Encourage cooperation on R&D in support of possible LHC upgrades and improvements of the CERN proton accelerator complex • Expand Non-member state participation in the CLIC R&D program • Lay a basis for collaboration on CERN’s future major projects

CERN Today

2008

ATLAS (spokesperson Peter Jenni) Number of scientists: 1800 Number of institutes: 164 Number of countries: 35

ATLAS Cavern

The CMS Detector (Spokesperson Prof. Tejinder Virdee) CALORIMETERS ECAL Scintillating Pb. WO 4 crystals SUPERCONDUCTING COIL HCAL Plastic scintillator/brass sandwich IRON YOKE Number of scientists: 1961 Number of institutes: TRACKER 180 Number of countries: 37 Silicon Microstrips Pixels Total weight : 12, 500 t Overall diameter : 15 m Overall length : 21. 6 m Magnetic field : 4 Tesla MUON BARREL Drift Tube Chambers Resistive Plate Chambers MUON ENDCAPS Cathode Strip Chambers Resistive Plate Chambers

CMS: tracker insertion

Computing: Grid http: //lcg. web. cern. ch/LCG/

GRID: The EGEE project Enabling Grids for E-scienc. E • EGEE – 1 April 2004 – 31 March 2006 – 71 partners in 27 countries, grouped into regional federations • EGEE-II – 1 April 2006 – 31 March 2008 – 91 partners in 32 countries – 13 federations • Objectives – Large-scale, production-quality grid infrastructure for e-Science – Attracting new resources and users from industry as well as science – Maintain and further improve “g. Lite” Grid middleware EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688

CERN The future

June Council (quote from R. Aymar – June 2007)

Updated list of future accelerators Present accelerators 50 Me. V 160 Me. V Output energy 1. 4 Ge. V 26 Ge. V 50 Ge. V 450 Ge. V 1 Te. V 7 Te. V ~ 14 Te. V Future accelerators Linac 2 Linac 4 PSB (LP)SPL PS • (LP)SPL is the baseline injector for PS 2 • PS 2 will use nc magnets • PS 2 size is 15/77 of SPS PS 2 SPS LHC / SLHC SPS+ DLHC (LP)SPL: (Low Power) Superconducting Proton Linac (4 -5 Ge. V) PS 2: High Energy PS (~ 5 to 50 Ge. V – 0. 3 Hz) SPS+: Superconducting SPS (50 to 1000 Ge. V) SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC (up to 1035 cm-2 s-1) DLHC: “Double energy” LHC (1 to ~14 Te. V)

Layout of the new accelerators SPS PS 2 PS (LP)SPL Linac 4

CERN Council Strategy Group (Lisbon July 2006)

• The ILC Plan and Schedule (B. Barish/CERN/SPC 050913) CLIC Global Design Effort Baseline configuration Reference Design Project LHC Physics Technical Design ILC R&D Program Expression of Interest to Host International Mgmt 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

CLIC/CTF 3 Multi-Lateral Collaboration of Volunteer Institutes Organized as a Physics Detector Collaboration 19 members represent. 24 institutes involving 16 funding agencies from 13 countries Collab. Board: Chairperson: M. Calvetti/INFN; Spokesperson: G. Geschonke/CERN Mo. U with addenda describing specific contribution (& resources) * India participating through a special agreement with CERN for the development of novel accelerator technologies

CLIC/CTF 3 collaboration observers Discussion with possible future collaboration partners: Present collaboration with RAL on Laser development for PHIN in EU FP 6 CARE

World-wide CLIC&CTF 3 Collaboration Ankara University (Turkey) Berlin Tech. Univ. (Germany) BINP (Russia) CERN CIEMAT (Spain) DAPNIA/Saclay (France) RRCAT-Indore (India) Finnish Industry (Finland) Gazi Universities (Turkey) Helsinki Institute of Physics (Finland) IAP (Russia) Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (Spain) INFN / LNF (Italy) J. Addams Institute (UK) JASRI (Japan) Jefferson Lab (USA) JINR (Russia) KEK (Japan) LAL/Orsay (France) LAPP/ESIA (France) LLBL/LBL (USA) NCP (Pakistan) PSI (Switzerland) North-West. Univ. Illinois (USA) Polytech. University of Catalonia (Spain) RAL (UK) SLAC (USA) Svedberg Laboratory (Sweden) Uppsala University (Sweden)

Asian collaborations • Observer states: – Japan: contributed 136 MCHF to CERN accelerator program and R&D – India: contributed 30 MCHF to CERN accelerators program and 3 MCHF on CLIC and LINAC 4/SPl R&D – Both India and Japan have strong collaborations with CERN experiments – India and Japan have strong involvement in the LHC computing grid

Asian collaboration agreements • China: 1991 CAS 1997 NSFC 2004 Government of PRC. Participate in LHC experimental program, some contribution to SPL/Linac 4, joining CLIC R&D, LHC grid computing • Iran 2001 Ministry of science, participates in LHC experimental program and CLIC R&D • Korea 2006 M. O. S. T, 2007 Protocol. Participates in LHC experimental program • Pakistan 2004 Government of IRP – 2003 protocol pledged 5 M$ – 2007 protocol addendum additional 5 MCHF Involved in LHC experimental program, CLIC, SPL. Candidate to become observer state • Saudi Arabia 2006 Government of Kingdom: students involved in CERN programs and CLIC • U. A. E. 2006 Government UAE : mainly students involved in CERN experimental program • Vietnam: 2007 CA signed by CERN and waiting signature Acad. Of Science

Contacts • Mongolia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Sri-Lanka have established contacts through visits at CERN of government officials, but have not yet come to any formal collaboration agreement

CERN as an Educator

Successful Educational programs Summer student program: program for undergraduate students (strong selection: 1/10 of applicants are selected ) to spend 8 -12 weeks of formation at CERN during summer time High School teacher program: CERN hosts every summer a program of formation for High school teachers 'We expect that students/teachers from developed countries will be able to secure travel and local expenses from their own national sources. We may have some very limited funds available to pay the local expenses for students/teachers from other countries. Fellow and associate program: some countries provide support for having PHDs spend between 1 and two years working on the CERN accelerator or Experimental program

Bringing Nations Together “…the promotion of contacts between, and the interchange of, scientists…”

CERN… • • Seeking answers to questions about the Universe Advancing the frontiers of technology Training the scientists of tomorrow Bringing nations together through science: mutual interests in technology development and research being the fundamental ingredient of collaboration