Census of India 2011 towards a bright future. . .
Census NPR Census of India 2011 Vital Statistics Introduction Pre-Census Population Enumeration Houselisting Operations What’s New ? Data Processing Post-Census
Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Introduction
Definition Census NPR Vital Statistics Home President of India enumerated “Population census is the total process of collecting, compiling, analyzing or otherwise disseminating demo-graphic, economic and social data pertaining, at a specific time, of all persons in a country or a well defined part of a country. As such, the Census provides a snapshot of the country’s population and housing at a given point of time. ” Prime Minister being enumerated
Wealth of Information Census NPR Vital Statistics Home It’s the biggest source of comprehensive data on : • Demography • Economic Activity • Literacy & Education • Housing & Household Amenities • Urbanization • Fertility and Mortality • Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes • Language, Religion & Migration
Wealth of Information Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • Only source of primary data at village, town and ward level. • Provides valuable information for planning and formulation of policies • Effective Public Administration • Widely used by National and International agencies, scholars, business people, industrialists, and many more.
Objectives Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Complete coverage and accurate enumeration of all the people : • who and how many • what do they do and how often • kind of houses they live in • household amenities and assets • Individual level information
History Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Rig Veda – 800 -600 BC Ain-e-Akbari – Mughal King Akbar (16 th Century) 1872 – the first systematic Census conducted all over India (non synchronous) 1881 – the first synchronous Census conducted all over India 1951 – the first Census of Independent India 2011 – the 15 th since 1872 – the 7 th since Independence
History Census NPR Vital Statistics Enumeration in Progress Enumerating President of India 1951 Census Enumeration in New Delhi 1951 census Home Enumerating Prime Minister of India 1961 Census
History Census NPR Vital Statistics Enumeration in Progress Enumerating Prime Minister 1971 Census Enumerating Deputy Prime Minister 2001 Census 2011 will be the 15 th Census in this series Home
Legal Provisions Census NPR Vital Statistics Home CENSUS OPERATIONS Census Act 1948 & Census Rules, 1990
Calendar Census NPR Vital Statistics Home 1 st Phase Houselisting & Housing Census and collection of data on National Population Register April to September 2010 2 nd Phase Population Enumeration 9 th to 28 th February 2011 1 st to 5 th March 2011 (Revisional Round) Home
Census NPR Census of India 2011 Vital Statistics Introduction Pre-Census Population Enumeration Houselisting Operations What’s New ? Data Processing Post-Census
Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Pre Census Activities
Cost Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • Expenditure on Census 2011 • Rs. 2, 200 Crore • The per Capita Cost is less than Rs. 18. 33 ( or USD 0. 41)
Administrative Setup-Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India Directors of Census Operations, State Principal Census Officers Charge Officers District Magistrates/Collectors/ Commissioner Corporations Tehsildars/Mamlatdars Enumerators and Supervisors State Coordinator Census will co-ordinate between State & Central Government Offices
Pre-census Activities Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • List of administrative units (e. g. , states, districts, sub-districts, towns and villages) finalized Number of units in 2011 Census States/UTs Districts 35 640 Sub-districts 5, 961 • Extant of Charge finalized Towns 8, 001 • Enumerators & Supervisors Villages appointed 640, 852 Enumeration Blocks (In million) 2. 47 Households (Estimated in million) 240
Mapping Activities Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • The availability of accurate Maps as per the latest administrative boundaries is a pre-requisite for Census. • The Cartographic Division of the Census Commission has evolved over the years and is now the largest producer of thematic Maps in the country. • It has come a long way from the traditional manual cartographic methods used until 1981 and now utilizes the latest GIS software to produce digital Maps. • The latest addition in Census 2011 is the preparation of satellite imagery based digital maps at the street and building level in 33 Capital Cities of the country.
Mapping Activities Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Map showing village boundaries in Ludhiana district of Punjab
From Manual Cartography to latest Technology Census NPR Vital Statistics Home CHENNAI CITY
Data User’s Conference 2008 Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Session in progress Inauguration by the Home Minister
Printing Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • 5. 4 Million Instruction Manuals printed in 18 languages • 340 Million Census Schedules printed in 16 languages • New Features • Bar Codes • Form Numbers • Location Particulars partly pre-printed
Flow of Materials Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Schedules Printed At High-end Presses Materials supplied by DCO Charge Officer DOP Charge Register Enumerator
Process – Training Cascade Census NPR Vital Statistics Home National Trainers ( NTs) 90 Master Trainer Facilitators (MTFs) 725 Master Trainer (MTs) 54, 000 Enumerators and Supervisors 2. 7 Million
Training Aids Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • Instruction Manuals • Training Guides • Power. Point presentations • Conventional methods – Blackboard & Chalk used • e-Learning Modules on difficult concepts • Role Plays • Practice
Publicity Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • Campaign launched using: • Mass media • Public outreach • Digital media • Special attention to rural areas • Sensitization of critical issues • In local language • Involve all
Census NPR Census of India 2011 Vital Statistics Introduction Pre-Census Population Enumeration Houselisting Operations What’s New ? Data Processing Post-Census
Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Houselisting & Housing Census
Overview Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • An important precursor to the population enumeration exercise • Held 6 to 8 months prior to population enumeration • Draws up a frame for population enumeration • Identifies each building, structure and other places to find out its usage – residential, non-residential or any other purpose • Collects data on housing conditions, amenities and assets – valuable for planning.
Census Houselisting and Housing Census Schedule NPR Vital Statistics Home
Questions Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • Predominant material of floor, wall and roof of the Census House • Use & Condition of Census House • Name of Head of HH • Ownership status • Number of dwelling rooms • Number of married couples • Amenities available: • Main source and availability of drinking water • Main source of lighting • Latrine within the premises • Type of latrine facility • Waste water outlet connected to • Amenities available (contd): • Bathing facility within the premises • Availability of kitchen • Fuel used for cooking • Assets possessed by the household • Radio/Transistor • Television • Computer/Laptop • Telephone/Mobile phone • Bicycle • Scooter/Motor Cycle/Moped • Car/Jeep/Van • Availing banking services
Process Houselisting & Housing Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Training
Process Houselisting & Housing Census NPR Vital Statistics Home House to house canvassing for HLO & NPR Schedules by Enumerators (45 days) Collection of Schedules PHASE I Processing of Images using ICR technology Automatic Data Capture
Census NPR Census of India 2011 Vital Statistics Introduction Pre-Census Population Enumeration Houselisting Operations What’s New ? Data Processing Post-Census
Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Population Enumeration
Calendar Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • In snow bound areas • Population Enumeration 11 th to 30 th Sep 2010 • Revisional Round 1 st to 5 th Oct 2010 • In all other areas • Population Enumeration 9 th to 28 th Feb 2011 • Revisional Round 1 st to 5 th Mar 2011
Challenges – Vast & diverse Census NPR Vital Statistics Home
Household Schedule Census NPR Vital Statistics Home
Household Schedule Census NPR Vital Statistics Home
Population Enumeration (29 Questions) Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Demographic • • Name of the person Relationship to head Sex – Male, Female and Other Date of Birth and Age Marital Status • • Current marital status Age at marriage Cultural • • • Religion Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe Disability Mother Tongue Other languages known
Population Enumeration (29 Questions) Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Literacy status Status of attendance Highest educational level attained • • Literacy • • • Work status – Main, marginal and non-worker Category of economic activity – Cultivator, Agricultural labourer, Worker in household Industries & Other workers Occupation, Nature of Industry, Trade or Service Economic • • Economic • • Class of worker – Employer, Employee, Single worker, Family worker Non economic activity – Student, Household duties, Dependant, Pensioner, Rentier, Beggar, Others Seeking or available for work
Population Enumeration (29 Questions) Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • • Travel to place of work Mode of transport - On foot, Bicycle, Moped/Scooter/ Motor Cycle/ Car/Jeep/Van, Tempo/Auto-rickshaw, Taxi, Bus, Train, Water Transport, Any other, Non-travel Migration • • • Birth Place / Place of last migration Reason for migration Duration of stay since migration Fertility • • • Children surviving Children ever born Number of children born alive during last one year Travel to Place of Work
Process Census NPR Vital Statistics Home House to house canvassing in Enumeration Block (20 days) from th to 28 th February 2011 9 Revisional Round (5 days) from st to 5 th March 2011 1 Declaration of Provisional Population (Within three weeks)
Census NPR Census of India 2011 Vital Statistics Introduction Pre-Census Population Enumeration Houselisting Operations What’s New ? Data Processing Post-Census
Census NPR Vital Statistics Home What is New in 2011 Census ?
Household Schedule Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • State of the Art designing used for designing the Schedules • New features on the HH Schedule: • Bar Code, Form Number, Continued Sheet • Linking to Houselist Household
Household Schedule (Contd) Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • New/Revised Questions: • Name of the Institutional Household to be recorded • Sex: New category ‘Other’ introduced • Date of Birth question introduced • Current marital Status: Separate codes assigned for Separated and Divorced • New filter Question on SC/ST introduced – ‘Is this person SC/ST? ’
Household Schedule (Contd) Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • New/Revised Question (Contd): • Question on Disability modified – more types introduced - Placement of the Question changed • Literacy status for ‘Other’ sex added in addition to existing Male and Female • New Codes under Status of Attendance introduced: • Not attending: Attended before-7, Never attended-8
Household Schedule (Contd) Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • New/Revised Questions (Contd): • Work : • Among Marginal Workers – Introduced new category for those who worked for less than 3 months • Rentiers – A separate code-5 has been included under non-economic activity • Prostitutes to be categorized under ‘Others’ in place of ‘Beggar’ in 2001.
Household Schedule (Contd) Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • New/Revised Questions (Contd): • Work (Contd): • Person with unidentified source of income or unspecific source of subsistence have been categorized under category ‘Others’ • Migration – Provision to specify the present name of the Village/Town of the Birth Place as well as the Place of Last Residence introduced.
Other Changes in Census 2011 Operations Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • Improved training pedagogy , Training Aids introduced in partnership with UN Agencies • Enumerators provided with Village Boundary map for drawing EB boundary – to avoid omission/duplication of area • Enumerators in 33 Capital Cities provided detailed map of EBs extracted from GIS database • Modification in Census Website – All information on 2011 Census provided, special gallery on photography and videos on Census Operation
Other Changes in Census 2011 Operations (Contd) Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • Publicity – Creatives prepared by reputed Advertising Agency with UN Agency support • Census in School – An initiative to sensitize school students about ensuing 2011 Census introduced • Despatch, delivery and return collection of census material by Department of Posts • Grievances from public – Toll Free Number, Services of Call Centre introduced.
Census NPR Census of India 2011 Vital Statistics Introduction Pre-Census Population Enumeration Houselisting Operations What’s New ? Data Processing Post-Census
Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Data Processing
Capturing Information and Processing huge volume of Census Data Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • Indian Census - Always been in the forefront of using latest technology • 1961 Census – Unit Record machines used • 1971 Census – Key-punching (electrical cum mechanical) machines used – An IBM 1401 computer with IBM card Reader used • 1981 Census – Data Entry made using Key to Disk machines. Processing by HP 1000 CD-Cyber 730 & NEC - 1000 Computer System at NIC
Capturing Information and Processing huge volume of Census Data Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • 1991 Census - Medha 930 Main Frame Computer System used for Data processing. Unix based dumb terminals used for data entry • 2001 Census – First large country to use image based Automatic Form Processing Technology, High Speed Duplex Scanners used for image capturing • 2011 Census – Using more developed ICR Technology with advanced features.
Mode for Data Capture & Processing since 1961 Census NPR Census Vital Statistics 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 (Expected) Population (million) 439 548 683 846 1028 1222 Collection (%) 100 100 100 5 15 25 45 100 Hand Punch Key Punch Data Entry Data Scanning Improved Entry /ICR Scanning /ICR 8 to 9 7 to 8 Capture (%) Mode Time taken (years) 4 to 5 1 to 2 Home
Process (Post Census) Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Scanning of Schedules And Digitizing of data Processing of Images using ICR technology Automatic Data Capture
System flow at Data Centers Census NPR Vital Statistics Export station Supervisor Export completed batches as ASCII file for further processing Supervisors Handle Quality check /Exceptional cases QC & Exception Controller station Copying Data to Media/complete monitoring Scanning station Home Forms are fed thru scanners batch by batch Form IMAGES stored in Network DISK Recognition stations Server Tile/Correction station - Un-recognised Characters are corrected by OPERATORS Tiling & Completion stations Field by field character images are automatically recognised
Census Data Processing - 15 locations : Census NPR Vital Statistics E I CI S Export/Archival Exception Completion Tiling Recognition Scanning Prepare Batch Home A L FI Server
Census NPR Census of India 2011 Vital Statistics Introduction Pre-Census Population Enumeration Houselisting Operations What’s New ? Data Processing Post-Census
Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Post-Census
Quality Check Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Objective • To obtain accurate population counts for policy making • Population Census represents a major undertaking towards this end • PES provides an assessment of the accuracy of the census figures
Quality Check Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • Conducted through Post Enumeration Survey in India, shortly after the Census. • It is an independent sample survey that replicates a census • Since 1951, Indian Census Organization had been evaluating the results of the Population Census through Post Enumeration Surveys (PES), also called Post Enumeration Check (PEC) • No attempts, however, were ever made to adjust the census results based on the PES results.
PES Provides Information on : Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • Coverage Error : How accurately has every individual been enumerated in the Census? (Omission or duplication) • Content Error : How precisely have the particulars of individuals been recorded in the Census?
Omission rates – Selected countries NPR Census Vital Statistics Home Country • • Year India China U. K. New Zealand Cambodia Bangladesh 1981 1991 2000 2001 1998 1991 Omission Rate (%) 1. 8 1. 7 2. 3 1. 8 2. 2 1. 8 4. 6
National Population Register Census NPR Vital Statistics Introduction Operations
Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Introductio n
Legal Provisions Census NPR Vital Statistics Home NATIONAL POPULATION REGISTER The Citizenship Act, 1955 and The Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and Issue of National Identity Cards) Rules, 2003
Objective NPR Census Vital Statistics Home • Create a comprehensive database in the country • Help in better targeting of the benefits and services under the Government schemes/programmes • Improve planning • Strengthen security of the country.
NPR Schedule Census NPR Vital Statistics Home
NPR Schedule Census NPR Vital Statistics Home
Items of Information Census NPR Vital Statistics Home 1 Name of person 6 Sex 11 Present address of usual residence 2 Relationship to Head 7 Date of Birth 12 Duration of stay at present address 3 Father’s Name 8 Marital Status 13 Permanent Residential Address 4 Mother’s Name 9 Place of Birth 14 Occupation / Activity 5 Spouse’s Name 10 Nationality as Declared 15 Educational Qualification Above details to be collected from all Usual Residents Photograph, Finger Print and Iris to be collected for Usual Residents aged 5 years and above
Administrative Setup Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Registrar General of Citizen Registration National Registration Authority State Directors of Citizen Registration Directorate of Census Operations (Each State) District Registrars of Citizen Registration District Magistrate of Every Revenue district Sub-District Registrars of Citizen Registration Sub District Magistrate / Taluka Executive Magistrate Local Registrars of Citizen Registration Local revenue officer State Coordinator NPR will co-ordinate between State & Central Government Offices
National Population Register Census NPR Vital Statistics Introduction Operations
Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Operations
Process Census NPR Vital Statistics Home House to house canvassing for NPR by Enumerators (45 days) Scanning Image based Data Entry De-Duplication UIDAI Biometric Capture Publication Objections Appeals Finalisation ORGI Server
Calendar Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • Pilot Testing in selected areas 2005 -07 • NPR in Coastal areas 2009 • NPR in rest of the country 2010 The work of collecting biometrics and creation of database will be taken up in 2011
Status Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • The field work for collecting specific information for all usual residents in the country has been completed • The filled-in NPR schedules have been received back at the 16 Scanning Centres across the country • The scanning of 19 crore (75%) NPR schedules have been scanned and tiff images have been created • The data entry and capture of three biometrics have been outsourced to Consortium of Central Public Sector Undertakings and Department of Information technology (DIT) • The work of data entry has commenced in December 2010 and capture of biometrics is going to commence in 2011
Census NPR Vital Statistics Home
Census Updating and maintenance of NPR database NPR Vital Statistics Home • The list of local residents (LRCR) will be displayed in villages and wards-in-towns for inviting Claims / Objections • The objections will disposed of through a well defined process • The list will be placed before the Gram Sabha for vetting • All corrections will be incorporated before the finalization of the NPR Database
Census Updating and maintenance of NPR database NPR Vital Statistics Home • Once the NPR final database is created, the same will be sent to UIDA for de-duplication and generation of UID Number • The UID No. will be oriented on the proposed identity (smart) cards for which separate proposal is being formulated • For maintenance and continuous updating of the NPR database, it is proposed to set up NPR Centres, one in each tehsil / block • The NPR Centres will be controlled by Sub-district Registrar supported by technical manpower. The IT infrastructure will be provided by the Central Government • The changes in names, addresses, new entry through birth, deletion by death etc. will be undertaken in the NPR Centres.
Updation of NPR Database Census NPR Vital Statistics Home State Wide Area Network NPR Centre State Data Centre National Grid National Data Centre
Vital Statistics Census NPR Vital Statistics Civil Registration System Sample Registration System Annual Health Survey
Vital Statistics Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Civil Registration System
Civil Registration Scheme Census NPR Vital Statistics § The administration of the Registration of Birth and Death (RBD) Act, 1969 entrusted to Office of Registrar General of India § Registration of births/deaths is the primary responsibility of the State Governments. § National Population Policy mandates complete registration. § Complete and up to date CRS can yield indicators at different levels of aggregations which is not possible from any sample survey § Under the provisions in RBD Act, the scheme of Medical Certification of Causes of Death (MCCD) is operational in the country, through which actual cause-specific mortality data is obtained. Home
Hierarchy Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Registrar General. India Chief Registrar District Registrar Coordinates and unifies the implementation of the Act in the country Chief Executive authority in the State/Ut for implementing the provisions of the Act Supervision of the registration of births and deaths in the District Registration of births and deaths and submission of statistical Information on registered births and deaths
Level of Registration Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Registration Level (%) Birth Death 90 & above 19 States 10 States Below 90 16 States 25 States India 71. 0% 64. 4 % India excluding Bihar & UP 84. 3 % 72. 7%
Reasons for low level of Registration Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • Low Utility of Registration certificates • Low Priority accorded to this work and general apathy in many States • Lack of Coordination • Lack of awareness about the need and importance of Registration • Ignorance about Rules and duties / responsibilities • Insufficient allocation of funds by the State Governments.
Vital Statistics Census NPR Vital Statistics Civil Registration System Sample Registration System Annual Health Survey
Vital Statistics Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Sample Registration System
Objectives Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • To provide regular estimates: SRS (fixed panel survey) • Introduced in 1969 -70 on full-scale • Reliable and continuous estimates • State level estimates by rural/urban residence on • All indicators of fertility & mortality including Birth rate, Death rate, IMR, Maternal Mortality Ratio, TFR etc. • Under 5 mortality rate also generated from 2008 • Panel revised once in 10 years based on Census frame
Current Panel - 2004 Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • Covers 4433 rural and 3164 urban areas (1. 3 million households and 7 million population) • Sample size determination based on IMR • Permissible level of RSE: 10% (Bigger States) • Rural: NSS region level • Urban: State level
SRS Key Results - 2008 Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Indicators India Min - Max Birth Rate 22. 8 (Kerala 14. 6, UP 29. 1 Death Rate 7. 4 (Delhi 4. 8, Orissa 9. 0) Infant Mortality Rate 53 (Kerala 12, MP 70) Under Five Mortality Rate 69 (Kerala 14, MP 92) Total Fertility Rate 2. 6 (TN & Kerala 1. 7, Bihar 3. 9) Maternal Mortality Ratio (2004 -06) 254 (Kerala 95, Assam 480) Life Expectancy at Birth (2002 -06) 63. 5 (MP 58. 0, Kerala 74. 0)
Publications Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • Sample Registration Bulletin : Annual publication giving vital rates at all. India and State/UT levels. • Sample Registration System - Annual Statistical Report : Detailed tables giving fertility and mortality indicators are published in this annual publication. • SRS Abridged Life Tables : Annual publication portraying the expected life at different ages. • Special Reports : SRS Baseline Survey Report 2004. • SRS Compendium : Contains time series data since 1971 for India and States/UTs. • Maternal Mortality in India : 1997 -2003 • Level of Maternal Mortality : 2004 -06 • Report on Causes of Death in India : 2001 -03
Vital Statistics Census NPR Vital Statistics Civil Registration System Sample Registration System Annual Health Survey
Vital Statistics Census NPR Vital Statistics Home Annual Health Survey
Objectives Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • Mandated by National Population Commission, PMO & Planning Commission • To produce robust vital & health indicators at District level on annual basis • Sample size based on Infant Mortality Rate (10% RSE at district level) • Commencing: 284 districts of 9 EAG States incl. Assam from 2010 • More than 20, 000 area units, around 18 million persons
Some Key features Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • Field Work - Hybrid approach • Primary Level of Aggregation - District • Periodicity - - Annual • Reference Period - Last three years during baseline and last one year during subsequent updation surveys • Introducing Clinical Anthropometric and biochemical component – height & weight (>= 1 month) – blood for anemia (Greater than or equal to 6 month) & sugar (>=18 years) – Blood pressure (>=18 years) – Salt / Iodine test for a sub-sample
Key Indicators NPR Census Vital Statistics Home • • • Population composition, Education Age at Marriage Disability Occupation / activity status Morbidity – Injury – Acute – chronic All indicators on fertility Indicators on maternal & Child health All indicators on mortality Symptoms leading to infant death Maternal mortality, including symptoms leading to death
Impact Census NPR Vital Statistics Home • The results of AHS would help in accessing the impact of various health interventions including those under NRHM. • The estimates of IMR at district level and MMR for a group of districts would enable tracking of MDGs at below state level. • It would provide requisite inputs for better planning of health programmes and pave the way for evidence based intervention strategies. • Results of CAB on such a large sample would be available for the first time.
Census NPR Vital Statistics Home For more information please visit: www. censusindia. gov. in Thank you.
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