Censoring and censorship Censoring a range of

Censoring and censorship. Censoring – a range of probability of mistake within a statistical field (погрешность) Сensorship -

Moral Censorship

Military Censorship

Political Censorship

Corporate Censorship

Religious Censorship

State Secrets

Publishing rights

Motion picture rating system. In countries such as Australia, an official government censorship system decides on ratings; in other countries, such as the United States, it is done by industry committees with little, if any official government status. In most countries, however, films that are considered morally offensive have been censored, restricted, or banned.

The most common age ratings are: G: General – Suitable for all ages. PG: Parental Guidance C 16: No Children Under 16 M 18: Mature. Not suitable for persons under the age of 18. R 21: Restricted. Not suitable for persons under the age of 21

ESRB - Entertainment Software Rating Board

ESRB – private organization, which was created in 1994 in response to criticism of violent content found in video games such as Night Trap, Mortal Kombat, and other controversial video games

Although use of the ESRB ratings system is not enforced by federal law in North America, it is effectively a de facto standard : major console manufacturers will not license games for their systems unless they carry ESRB ratings, most retail stores enforce ESRB ratings Trade Commission praised it for being the "strongest" self-regulatory organization in the entertainment sector.

ESRB scandal: GTA San Andreas In 2005 the video game GTA: SA was found to have a secret adult material in the game, which was not intended to be accessible without modifications. However, the ESRB made it an example and the company had to cover a lot of expenses up to $20 mln, and the rating of the game was changed from M-Mature to AO-Adults Only, that has seriously affected the success of the game (but made it famous).

PEGI came into use in April 2003; it replaced many national age rating systems with a single European system. PEGI is controlled by European commissions but it’s a free organization

• • • What is Censorship? How would you explain censorship to someone unfamiliar with it? What type of censorship is the worst? What things should never be censored? Would you like to be a movie censor? What or who would you most like to censor? Is it necessary to censor nudity and violence on television and in movies? Do you think musical lyrics need censoring? Is it up to the government or other agencies to censor things? Does censorship result in reduced chances of education for society? What do you think censors are more afraid of, print, songs, movies or the Internet?