CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS I CAN T IMAGINE A

CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS “I CAN’T IMAGINE A PERSON BECOMING A SUCCESS WHO DOESN’T GIVE THIS GAME OF LIFE EVERYTHING HE’S GOT. ” WALTER KRONKITE

PLASMA MEMBRANE NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM SURFACE ORGANELLES CELLULAR DIVERSITY CELL STRUCTURE – SEE TABLE 3 -1 PAGE 38 MEMMLER

NUCLEIC ACIDS – DNA, RNA DNA – CHROMOSOMES IN THE NUCLEUS ◦ ADENINE (A) ◦ THYMINE (T) ◦ GUANINE (G) ◦ CYTOSINE (C) ◦ DOUBLE HELIX W/ H+ BONDS RNA – IN CYTOPLASM (Mrna, Rrna, Trna) ◦ ADENINE, GUANINE, CYTOSINE ◦ THYMINE IS REPLACED BY URACIL (U) ◦ SINGLE STRAND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

EVERYBODY UP!!!! WE ARE GOING TO BUILD A STRAND OF PROTEIN Build a protein strand

MITOSIS VS MEIOSIS INTERPHASE PROPHASE METAPHASE ANAPHASE TELEPHASE ROLE OF THE CENTROMERES CELL DIVISION

PASSIVE MOVEMENT ◦ SIMPLE DIFFUSION ◦ OSMOSIS ◦ FILTRATION ◦ FACILITATED DIFFUSION ACTIVE TRANSPORT ◦ NEED PROTEIN ‘GATE KEEPERS’ ◦ SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY ◦ ENDOCYTOSIS – PHAGOCYTOSIS & PINOCYTOSIS ◦ EXOCYTOSIS MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES SEE TABLE 3 -4 PAGE 49

ISOTONIC – SAME SOLUTE CONCENTRATION AS OUR BODY (0. 9% NS) HYPOTONIC – LESS SOLUTE IN SOLUTION THAN OUR BODY; FREES UP WATER TO GO TO CELL; TOO MUCH = HEMOLYSIS (0. 45% Na. Cl) HYPERTONIC – MORE SOLUTE THAN OUR BODY; PULLS WATER TOWARD IT; TOO MUCH DEHYDRATED CELL = CRENATION (3% Na. Cl) TONICITY

Golgi apparatus – the “UPS” of the cell; packages the items for transport in and out of the cell Mitochondria – the “Mighty” power house that makes energy (ATP) from the glucose Lysomes – clean up the cell waste (garbage men); think Lysol Centrioles – necessary for reproduction Peroxisomes – Clean up hazardous material (HAZ MAT team) ORGANELLES

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum – makes and packages fats Rough endoplasmic reticulum – makes proteins Ribosomes – make proteins Vacuoles – empty cargo containers Vesicles – carrier of solutes within the cell; could be storage or for movement to cell side for exocytosis ORGANELLES – CONT’D

LIMITED NUMBER OF CELL DIVISIONS MUTATIONS CAN OCCUR DURING DIVISION THESE MUTATIONS MAY CAUSE A CELL TO DIVIDE FOREVER RISK FACTORS: HEREDITY (BRACA 1) , CHEMICAL EXPOSURE, IONIZING RADIATION (XRAYS, SUN), PHYSICAL IRRITATION, DIET, VIRUSES (HPV) CELL AGING AND CANCER RISKS

CYT/O MICR/O BI -SOME, SOM/A CHROM/O END/O LYS/O INTER MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

CYT/OMICR/OBI-SOME, SOM/ACHROM/OEND/OLYS/OINTERPROMETA- ANATEL/ESEMIPHAG/OPIN/OEX/OISOHYPERCARCIN/O-GEN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY