Cargo securing for road transport legal aspects

Cargo securing for road transport – legal aspects Why make cargo securing rules for road transport mandatory? Kristof SCHOCKAERT

Policy note 2006 -2007 Minister of Transport • “Considering that the dammage caused by accidents due to bad cargo securing has negatif consequences not only for human life, the material, the cargo and the image of the carrier but also for the road traffic flows, mandatory rules on cargo securing will be made applicable at national level during 2007, in combination with the current existing sensibilisation, in cooperation with the carriers and inspired by the European Best Practice Guidelines on Cargo Securing for Road Transport. ” 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 2

Legal framework load securing 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 3

Law 3 May 1999 • • Artikel 37 § 2. 2° The consignor, the loader, the shipper or the shipping agent are punished when they have given instructions or undertook actions that resulted in: the exceeding of the allowed weights, masses and measurements for vehicules not following the rules and procedures on the safe loading and cargo handling of the vehicules the non respect on the legislation on the driving and rest periods not respecting the speed limits for the vehicule. 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 4

Law 3 May 1999 • These infractions are penalised with a jail sentance up to six months and/or a fine up to 55 000 EURO. • When the infraction is repeated within 2 years after the conviction, the initial punishment must be at least be doubled. 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 5

Royal decree 1/12/75 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 6

Royal decree 1/12/75 • Art 45 General prescriptions • Art 45 bis Specific prescriptions • Art 46 Measurements • Art 47 Signalisation 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 7

GENERAL PRESCRIPTIONS Art 45. 1 The cargo must be arranged in a way that it will not, during regular road conditions : 1° hinder the sight of the driver; 2° be dangerous to the driver, the passenger or other road users; 3° cause dammage to the road; 4° fall or drag on the road; 5° endangers the stability of the vehicule; 6° cover lights, reflectors or license plate. 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 8

GENERAL PRESCRIPTIONS Art 45. 2 -6 • Art 45. 2 Cereals, flax, straw must have a cover or a net • Art 45. 3 Cargo of long pieces can not be fluctuating • • • outside the circumference of the vehicule Art 45. 4 What is used for cargo securing must be > in good condition > used properly > enclose the cargo Art 45. 5 The cargo may not cause any noice or scare animals Art 45. 6 All doors must be secured or locked. 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 9

SPECIFIC PRESCRIPTIONS Art 45 bis • • Scope Packaging Task and responsabity of the loader and packer Obligation to provide information Forces Cargo securing system Stowage and locking devices European and international rules, directives and guidelines 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 10

Art 45 bis 1. SCOPE • Artikel 45 bis applies only to vehicules of group C: C, CE, C 1+E C : voertuigen goederenvervoer, met MTM meer 3500 kg en aanhangwagen tot 750 kg. C+E : idem met aanhangwagen MTM meer 750 kg C 1 : voertuigen goederenvervoer met MTM meer 3500 kg en maximaal 7500 kg en aanhangwagen tot 750 kg. C 1+E : idem met aanhangwagen MTM meer 750 kg 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 11

Art 45 bis 3. PACKAGING • When the primary packaging is not sufficiently firm to transport the goods safely … 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 12

Art 45 bis 3. PACKAGING … the packer and/or loader have to cover the goods in a transport packaging that is strong enough to enable cargo securing in an appropriate way • The consignor has to writtenly inform in advance the carrier with all information that he needs to secure the cargo. 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 13

Art 45 bis 4. FORCES • The cargo securing system has to resist certain forces: 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 14

Art 45 bis 4. Cargo securing systems The constituent parts of the cargo securing system: 1° have to function properly 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 15

Art 45 bis 4. Cargo securing systems 2° must be used in the way that they are designed for 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 16

Art 45 bis 4. Cargo securing systems 3° may not show : • knots • damaged elements • weakened elements in a way that this affects their effectiveness with regard to the securing of the cargo 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 17

Art 45 bis 4. Cargo securing systems 4° may not have any cracks, cuts nor fraying 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 18

Art 45 bis 4. Cargo securing systems 5°have to be conform the applicable European and / or international product standards 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 19

Art 45 bis 4. Cargo securing systems The cargo securing system that is used to put a cargo secured to a vehicule, should be suitable for the size 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 20

Art 45 bis 4. Cargo securing systems The cargo securing system that is used to put a cargo secured to a vehicule, should be suitable for the form 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 21

Art 45 bis 4. Cargo securing systems The cargo securing system that is used to put a cargo secured to a vehicule, should be suitable for the strength and characteristics of the load 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 22

Art 45 bis 5. Cargo securing systems The securing system or integrated guard locking device that is used to secure load to a vehicle has to be so secured itself in a way that they can not get unlocked or loosed 16 maart 2018 Legal aspects on load securing 23

Art 45 bis 5. Cargo securing systems The securing system or integrated guard locking device that is used to secure load to a vehicle has to be: 1. designed and manufactured for the purpose it is used and 2. used and maintained in according to manufacturer’s specifications and in accordance to the applicable European and / or international standards. 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 24

Art 45 bis 5. Cargo securing systems 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 25

Art 45 bis 6. European Guidelines A cargo that is secured following the “European Best Practice Guidelines on Cargo Securing for Road Transport “ meets all the requierments set out in Article 45 bis 4 - 1 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 26

Art 45 bis 4 versus 5 and 6 • Art 45 bis 4 … the securing system has to withstand the forces but, doensn’t specify in which way there has to be secured. The used system has to comply with the European standards. • Art 45 bis 5 … the securing systems have to be used according to the European standards. • Art 45 bis 6 … if a securing system complies with the “European Best Practice Guidelines …”, it meets the requierements set out in Article 45 bis 4. 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 27

Guidelines and standards • The good practices can be found in the renewed EN • • 12195 -1. The securing sytem has to be conform with the guidelines and European and international regulations (EN 12195 + IMO/ILO/UN ECE) EN 12640 anchor points EN 12641 Covers EN 12642 Vehicules/boards/poles EN 12195 -2 Lashing EN 12195 -3 Chain Lashing EN 12195 -4 Cable Lashing 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 28

Art 19 KB 15/03/1968 • 19§ 3 : transport (MTM +7 t) of - beams, pipes, poles, steel plates, coils, drums, barrels that can cause a depression or puncture of the driver's compartment must have: Suffucient securing A specific safety equipement 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 29

Information duty • The carrier has the obligation to inform us how the securing system has been placed. He has different options: 1. European Best Practice Guidelines on Cargo Securing for Road Transport. 2. A good practice, argumented writtenly by and under the responsability of the consignor. 3. Any other good practice. 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 30

Information duty • The driver has to hand over all the information that we need enabling us to control the effectiveness of the securing systems: 1. Meetverslag ladingzekeringssysteem 2. Massa van elke ladingseenheid 3. Meetverslag van blokkeringcapaciteit 4. Ligging van het zwaartepunt 5. Meetverslag van vormstabiliteit 6. Meetverslag van wrijvingfactor indien niet opgenomen in tabel EN 12195 7. Meetverslag van verankeringspunten 8. Meetverslag van zekeringsmiddel 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 31

Control 1 Cargo securing system is known, certificates or written instructions Verification of the information Ask all the information you need in order to control 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 32

Certificate check 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 33

Control 1 Cargo securing system is known, certificates or written instructions Check obvious infractions Verification of the information 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects Check EN 12195 -1 or other if applicable 34

Control 2 Unkown cargo securing system Check for obvious infractions 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 35

Obvious infractions Load platform 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 36

Obvious infractions 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 37

Obvious infractions • Missing or not conform labelling • Twisted lashes 16 maart 2018 Legal aspects on load securing 38

Obvious infractions Not properly lashed 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 39

Obvious infractions • No cargo securing system in place 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 40

Obvious infractions • Cargo isn’t form stable 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 41

Obvious infractions 16 maart 2018 Legal aspects on load securing 42

Obvious infractions • Not conform use of cargo secure systems 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 43

Obvious infractions • Friction mats are not used properly • Use stanchions unknowing the strength 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 44

Poles and stanchions are less strong then one thinks 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 45

Obvious infractions • System isn’t suited > • Useless securing V 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 46

Control 2 ? Unknown cargo securing system No obvious infractions Check EN 12195 -1 16 maart 2018 Cargo securing for road transport - legal aspects 47