Carbon Footprint Emerging ISO Standard E Devendar

Carbon Footprint – Emerging ISO Standard E. Devendar Scientist F & Head, Chemical Department Bureau of Indian Standards

Important terms l Greenhouse gaseous constituent of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorbs and emits radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the earth's surface, the atmosphere, and clouds

Important terms (cont) l Carbon Footprint sum of greenhouse gas emissions and greenhouse gas removals, expressed as net global warming impact in CO 2 e The CO 2 e of a specific amount of a greenhouse gas is calculated using the mass of a given greenhouse gas multiplied by its global warming potential l Carbon footprint of a product carbon footprint of a product system

Climate Change l Natural reasons l Anthropogenic activities - Industrial activity

How Climate change occurs

List of Greenhouse gases and their Global Warming Potentials

GHGs and their GWPs Sl. No. Greenhouse Gases 100 year GWP 1. Carbon Dioxide 1 2. Methane 3. Nitrous Oxide 4. Substances controlled under the Montreal Protocol {Chlorofluoro Compounds, etc} (19 compounds) 5. Hydrofluorocarbons (11 compounds) 6. Perfluorinated compounds (11 compounds) 7. Fluorinated ethers (15 compounds) 8. Perfluoropolyethers (1 compound) 10, 300 9. Hydrocarbons and other compounds (3 compounds) 1 - 13 25 298 5 - 14400 124 - 14800 7390 - 22800 59 - 14900

Global Warming Potential (GWP) l Characterization factor describing the radiative forcing impact of one massbased unit of a given greenhouse gas relative to an equivalent unit of carbon dioxide over a given period of time

Impact of Climate Change on Nations l Rise in Sea-levels l Increase of deserts and dry lands l Change in crop pattern l Effect on Eco-system and Bio-diversity

Measures to cope-up with Climate Change l Measures at International Level - UNFCCC (CDM, Joint Implementation) - GHG Accounting – Green House Gas Protocol Initiative (WRI and WBCSD) - Carbon Disclosure Projects

Proactive Measures at National Level l l l Indian Network of Climate Change Assessment (INCCA) – 127 labs on climate change & impacts in different sectors Expert Group on a low carbon strategy and inclusive growth – to recommend for prioritized actions in Electricity, Transport, Industry, Oil & Gas, Buildings and Forestry Carbon Tax on Coal to fund Clean Energy Perform, Achieve and Trade Mechanism for Energy efficiency Assessment of Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources, Agriculture, Forests and Human Health Bachat Lamp Yojana as CDM Program State level actions

National Missions under the PM’s National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) l National Mission for Sustainable Habitat l Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission l Green India Mission l Sustaining the Himalayas l Enhanced Energy Efficiency l National Water Mission l National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture l National Mission for Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change

Instruments available with Common Man to reduce Climate Change l Leave a low Carbon Footprint l Opting for Products with less CFP l Opting for Products of Organizations with lower CFP

ISO’s contribution to Environment l ISO 14001 Environment Management System Standard l ISO 14064 Parts 1 to 3 Green House gases Quantification and Reporting l Draft Standards on CFP of Products l Project on CFP of Organizations

ISO Draft Standard on CFP of Products – An Overview Principles - Life cycle perspective - Relative approach and functional unit - Iterative approach - Scientific approach - Relevance, Completeness - Accuracy, Transparency

ISO Draft Standard on CFP of Products – An Overview (Cont. ) Methodology - Goal & Scope definition - Inventory analysis - Impact Assessment - Interpretation Reporting Communication

Deficiencies of ISO/CD 14067 l l l Single environmental issue Is a Guideline document but is being thrust upon as a Requirement Standard. Based on LCA methodology which is having inherent deficiencies and limitations Use of databases which do not reflect the true CFP of the product Communication of CFP to consumers when methodology has not matured Being a Comparative Assertion Standard, would pose a TBT

Hidden Agenda through Climate Change l Is Climate Change and Environment the only concern? - Offsetting of Leakage of Industries - Discrimination of Products - Carbon Tax Regime - Marketing of Clean Technologies

Role of BIS wrt ISO/CD 14067 l Educating the Stakeholders l Mobilizing National Opinion l Crystallizing of Indian Viewpoint l Indian Ballot on the 3 versions of the draft ISO Standard l Lobbying with other countries l Lobbying through PASC, EASC l Efforts of Mo. C, MEA l Present status of the draft ISO standard

Future perceptions of ISO/CD 14067 l ISO Standard would be developed l Labeling of Products with CFP l Carbon Tax Regime l Preference for products with Lower CFPs

CFP in Defense Sector l Defense Sector as Producer l Defense Sector as User/in Combat role l End-of-use stage of Products? l Defense Sector as an Establishment/Consumer

Defense Sector as a Producer l Educating on CFP within organization l Shift to Clean Processes in Defense Production units, spares, etc l Choice of inputs with low CFP l Design for Low CFP at Use stage l Design for Low CFP at Disposal stage

Defense Sector as an User/Combat Role l Communication areas of CFP aspects to Operational

End-of-use stage of Products? l Decommissioning of Equipment l Decommissioning of facilities l Disposal of Spares/Consumables

Defense Sector as an Establishment/Consumer l Communication of CFP aspects to Suppliers, Vendors and Subcontractors l Choice of suppliers with Clean Processes l Choice of inputs with low CFP l Environment conducive for lower CFPs

National Strategies to exploit ISO 14067 l Identification and introduction of cleaner processes l Development of Product Category Rules for Products l Computation of CFPs l Promote Indian Products with lower CFP

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