Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrate digestion
The glucose transporter family members
Glycogen in the cell
Glycogen structure
Glycogenesis (glycogen synthesis)
Glycogen syntase
glycogen branching enzyme
Regulation of glycogen synthase activity Glycogen synthase inactive P Phosphatase Protein kinase Glycogen synthase active OH
Degradation of glycogen Glycogen phosphorylase
Action of debranching enzyme
Activation of glycogen phosphorylase
Glycogenosis Gierke's disease, glycogenosis type I Hepatocytes with large vacuoles Intracellular glycogen
Glycogenosis type I 22
Pompe’s disease, glycogenosis type II 23
Corey's disease, glycogenosis type III 24
Andersen's disease, glycogenosis type IV 25
Mc. Ardle's disease, glycogenosis type V 26
Glycolysis
Aerobic and anaerobic conditions
1
2
3 – rate-limiting
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Glycolysis
11
Overall: aerobic Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H + + 2 ATP + 2 H 2 O anaerobic Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 lactate + 2 ATP + 2 H 2 O
Regulation of glycolisis Enzyme Hexokinase Phosphofructokinase Pyruvate kinase Activator AMP/ADP, Fructose-2, 6 -bisphosphate AMP/ADP, Fructose-1, 6 -bisphosphate Inhibitor Glucose-6 -phosphate ATP, Citrate ATP, Acetyl Co. A, Alanine
Fructose metabolism aldolase B
Galactose metabolism
Fructosuria 48
Galactosemia 49
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