Car Ownership: Policy History and Current Proposals December 5, 2005 Margy Waller, Brookings Institution
Public Policy History • TANF – 1996 • Job Access and Reverse Commute – 1998 • Food Stamps – changes to asset limit • Proposal for Individual Development Accounts - 2000 • Welfare-to-Work grants (IDAs only)
Recent Federal Policy Proposals • TANF reauthorization - Senate proposals for demonstration • Food stamp policy – Bush proposal and reconciliation bill • Creating Access to Rides (CAR) Act
TANF reauthorization • IDAs for cars – change TANF, add to AFIA • Car ownership demonstration – 25 million per year authorization
Asset Limit Policy • After welfare reform, numerous states changed asset tests for services eligibility, all states raised TANF auto exemption • Administration FY 2003 budget proposal to exempt one car per worker from asset limits: “allowing one vehicle per work-able person to help them find and retain jobs” • Reconciliation bill – Complicates changes to food stamps asset limits
Transportation reauthorization: Job Access and Reverse Commute • Prior to 2005 – Limited use for car programs, primarily for Ways to Work earmarks • After 2005 – Changes to federal program: No earmarks or national competition • Formula grants to states and localities
Car Donation Tax Deduction • 2004 change to tax policy • Limits deduction to sale price, with exceptions • If car transferred by donee LICO program for less than market value, donor gets FMV for donation • Congress recognized value of LICO programs
Environment and Sprawl • Anthony Downs: doubling the number of people who take mass transit to work would reduce drivers by less than 5 percent • If every car-deprived household in the bottom half of the income scale were to buy an automobile, it would increase the number of vehicles on the road by only around 3. 5 percent
Is transit the answer? • Transit - better access to public transit had no or small effect on employment for welfare recipients • Scholars agree that car is better predictor of employment than public transit • Invest in better service for dense, urban areas
Margy Waller Visiting Fellow Brookings Institution 202 -797 -6466 mwaller@brookings. edu
Скачать презентацию Car Ownership Policy History and Current Proposals December
3cd69357022f2a2cc4031f20205dca13.ppt