Capacity Building Workshop on Trade Facilitation Implementation for Asia and the Pacific Region Integrated Model on Trade Facilitation and e-Business 2005 -03 -17/18, KL, Malaysia Jean E. Kubler jean. kubler@unece. org UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE
UN/CEFACT Mission Simple, Transparent and Effective Processes for Global Business. l Develop and maintain international standards and instruments; l Integrating UN/CEFACT’s instruments into the new policy frameworks; l Strategic capacity building and promotion to support gretaer implementation of existing instruments UNECE regional level and cooperation with other UN Regional Commissions and organizations UN/CEFAC T
Time and Cost implications £ Added value and cost Omagh to Algeria. 1 Order – 360 net tonnes, 21 weeks Payment by customer Retail sale Payment of transport and FOB charges Unload and store Delivery to customers warehouse Inwards clearance Main vessel off-loading Proof of export Sea Crossing Refund payment and administration Main vessel loading Exit clearance from community Delivery to port Unload, repack Delivery to customs warehouse Dehire GKN pallets Documentation Refund claim Invoice and order administration Load and despatch Manufacture Short Lead Components Export Licence Long Lead items Customs formalities (Inland) Pre-shipment Inspection Documentation Request Health Certificates, Licences Order receipt and administration Artwork Credit Arrangements Enquiry Validation 12 13 15 16 19 21 UN/CEFAC Weeks T (approx)
Competitiveness of a nation • Logistics – Efficiency flow of Goods • Logistics Cost in Thailand is quite high. Current Logistics Cost/GDP Thailand ~ 25 -30% Japan ~ 11% USA ~ 10% EU ~ 7% Cost reduction opportunity in Logistics For example 5% of GDP ~ 7. 5 Million USD UN/CEFAC T
Drivers of Supply Chain Performance Competitive Strategy Supply Chain Strategy Efficiency Responsiveness Supply Chain Structure Inventory Transportation Drivers Facilities Information UN/CEFAC T Source: Chopra & Meindl 2001
Actor : Institutions Ministry of Trade Ministry of Transport Door-to-door Logistics Ministry of Finances Trade facilitation Customs reform measures & modernization Private Sector Reduce transaction costs Monitor external trade flows UN/CEFAC T
Actor: Enterprises UN/CEFAC T Source : Complex Networked Supply Chain [Harwick, 1999
The UN/CEFACT Vision Total Trade Transaction – Integrated supply-chain Competitiveness – trade efficiency Trade facilitation UN/CEFAC T
Integration and conectivity Portal Framework Private Sector Adaptor Citizens Governments Telephony Face to Face Wireless Enterprise Service Delivery Government Systems Single Window, UN/CEFACT Rec 33 Rec 4 Forms e-Mail Letters Fax Brochures Adaptor Employees C H A N N E L S Internet Kiosk Enterprise Services & Applications Enterprise Intelligence External Systems High Speed Backbone Server & Storage IP Integrated Network IP Convergence Service Continuous Business Operation SMC Processes Infrastructure Security Private Sector Systems Enterprise System Mgmt UN/CEFAC T
The International Trade Transaction Process Intermediary Seller BUY SHIP PAY Buyer Authority UN/CEFAC T
The International Trade Transaction Process BUY Establish Business Agreement Request Quotation Negotiate Agree Contract Order INVOLVES Commercial Procedures • Establish Contract • Order Goods • Advise On Delivery • Request Payment UN/CEFAC T
The International Trade Transaction Process y- X: roportionalit III: P V: Transit - V Publication Prepare for SHIP Prepare for Export Transport Import INVOLVES Regulatory Procedures • Obtain Import/Export Licences etc • Provide Customs Declarations • Provide Cargo Declaration • Apply Trade Security Procedures • Clear Goods for Export/Import Transport Procedures • Establish Transport Contract • Collect, Transport and Deliver Goods • Provide Waybills, Goods Receipts Status reports etc. UN/CEFAC T
Article V UN/CEFAC T
The International Trade Transaction Process PAY Prepare for Payment Request Payment Initiate Payment Execute Payment Advise Payment INVOLVES Financial Procedures • Provide Credit Rating • Provide Insurance • Provide Credit • Execute Payment • Issue Statements UN/CEFAC T
Codification and transfer of knowledge ing nified Modell U TODAY UMM) ethodology ( M ACT YESTERDAY (informal description) W H Y Validation rules Information flow Usage Format Usage guidelines specs rules Field specs Scope UN/CE (A methodology) F 2005 – 4 BRS June Standards Business Requirements Example BUSINESS MODEL W H A T H O W Logical Design TRANSACTIONS & DOCMENTSS Technical Implementation INTERNET UN/CEFAC T
Combined Approach UNe. Docs XML or UN/EDIFACT <? xml version="1. 0" encoding="UTF-8"? > <n: Invoice xmlns: n="urn: oasis: names: tc: ubl: Invoice: 1. 0: 0. 70" xsi: schema. Location="urn: oasis: names: tc: ubl: Invoice: 1. 0: 0. 70 UBL_Library_0 p 70_Invoice. xsd"> <cat: ID>token</cat: ID> <cat: Issue. Date>2003 -02 -14</cat: Issue. Date> <n: Tax. Point. Date>2003 -02 -14</n: Tax. Point. Date> <cat: Buyer. Party> <cat: Party. Name> <cat: Name>Bills Microdevices</cat: Name> </cat: Party. Name> </cat: Buyer. Party> <cat: Seller. Party> <cat: ID/> <cat: Party. Name> <cat: Name>Joes Office Supply</cat: Name> </cat: Seller. Party> <cat: Invoice. Line> <cat: ID>1</cat: ID> <cat: Invoiced. Quantity unit. Code="token">5</cat: Invoiced. Quantity> <cat: Item> <cat: Description>Pencils, box #2 red</cat: Description> </cat: Item> </cat: Invoice. Line> </n: Invoice> Electronic Edit Form Paper Document aligned to UN Layout Key UN/CEFAC T
Objectives must be clear Facilitation • Exchange of goods and services • Government • Regional • Security Efficiency • Production erial mbus Minist Colo Trade eclaration on D D 1994 ncy, UNCTA Efficie • Private • National • trade Balance revenue enhancing, economic efficiency, security, external trade policy for market access UN/CEFAC T
Definition Export formalities raise the transaction cost Trade facilitation is to analyze, rationalize and inter-relate the fundamental requirements of the national/international trade transaction. This requires taking into account the essential, underlying reasons for these activities - including the purposes of a range of official controls and the functional background to change of ownership and responsibilities, the assessment and imposition of duties and taxes and various modes of payment for goods or related serviceselements of international processes, procedures and transactions and working for the elimination of constraints (J. Raven, 1994) Trade Facilitation increase efficiency and support export transaction UN/CEFAC T
International Standards add value and are scalable · All UNECE Recommendations, codes, standards and publications are available for free on our website at: – – www. unece. org/trade www. uncefact www. unece. org/etrades/unedocs/ www. unemed. net UN/CEFAC T
Key steps on the road to paperless trade The Win Situation – Better Information, structured Information, Advance Information, Automation Governments: – Risk assessment, Security, Compliance, market access, Information Society Trade: – Transaction and SC risk, costs, services UN/CEFAC T
Win win is not enough to make it happen – – Clear understanding of benefits/costs Enabling Framework Strong leadership and commitments International Cooperation and Pathfinder Projects Roadmap for Paperless trade in International Supply Chains UN/CEFAC T
Paperless Trade in International Supply Chain Enhancing Efficiency and Security – SC Information: Current trends and future orientation – Benefits: Governments and Trade – Experience: Single Window Implementations – What do we need to make it happen? – Roadmap for paperless trade UN/CEFAC T
On the road to. . An internationally agreed meaningful roadmap, including existing and current developments, to achieve efficiency and security in the supply chain. . - APEC Symposium 04 -07 -21/23 UN/CEFACT Forum, 04 -09 -13/17, US WAS Capacity Building Workshop on Trade Facilitation, 2004, GVA, CH 6 th. UN/CEFACT Forum, March 2005, Malaysia Capacity Building Workshop on Trade Facilitation, 2005, Malaysia 3 rd. International Forum on Trade facilitation, 05 -06 -20/21, CH, VA 11 th. UN/CEFACT Plenary, 05 -06 -22/24, CH GVA UN/CEFAC T
UN/CEFACT SIMPLE, TRANSPARENT AND EFFECTIVE PROCESSES FOR GLOBAL BUSINESS. www. uncefact. org UN/CEFAC T
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