Capacity Building programme for Diplomats Strengthening Capacity on

Capacity Building programme for Diplomats: Strengthening Capacity on e-Government and ICT Policy Module 8: National and Regional E-government Strategies and Action Plans Rome, 27 June 2003 Peristeras Vassilios United Nations Thessaloniki Centre per@untcentre. org

1. Concepts on Modern Governance and e-Governance 2. Regional Policies for e-Government 3. National Strategies

1. Concepts on Modern Governance and e-Governance

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction ’ 60 – ’ 70 1 st Stage: Islands of Automation: Organizations continue to function and produce as before having just automated a small fraction of their processes. No organizational change

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction ’ 70 – ’ 80 2 nd Stage – Automated Process Chains : Organizations produce the same products and services as before but with changes in the way the organization functions A minimum of re-engineering accompanying I. T. introduction

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction ’ 60 - ’ 70 - ’ 80 1 st Stage: Islands of Automation 2 nd Stage – Automated Process Chains Organization Information Technology Minimum changes Legacy Systems “Making the same old mess run faster”

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction Legacy Systems Applications Α. Β. C. …. Accounting Procurement Personnel Applications Α. Β. C. …. Service Delivery

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction ® Legacy systems suffer from: ® ISs not coordinated and without communications amongst them ® Lack of a coherent business view

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction ’ 60 - ’ 70 - ’ 80 Minimum horizontal information flow Vertical information flow following the Weberian bureaucratic model Creation of Stovepipes , Informational silos Organizational Lack of a global organizational view and

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction ’ 90 ies 3 rd Stage – Reengineering through Information Technology Organizations produce the same products and services as before but in a completely innovative way that affects all internal functions, information flows and structures.

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction ’ 90 ies At this stage, reengineering is extended. Major changes occur in: • the processes that the organization executes (process reengineering) • the way that communications occur both internally and with the external environment (information systems reengineering) • the way tasks and power is distributed inside the organization (roles) • the way all the above-mentioned are mapped into new organizational structures (organizational redesign)

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction ’ 90 ies 3 rd Stage – Reengineering through Information Technology Organizational Layer Technological Layer Bureaucratic Model Intra - Networking End-User Computing Client-Server Architecture ERP Systems Internal Integration

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction ’ 90 ies 3 rd Stage – Reengineering through Information Technology Organizational Layer Technological Layer Business Process Reengineering Intra - Networking New Public Management End-User Computing Reinventing Government Client-Server Architecture Total Quality Management ERP Systems Performance Measurements Internal Integration Al Gore’s : Reengineering through IT

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction Legacy Systems Applications Α. Β. C. …. Accounting Procurement Personnel Applications Α. Β. C. …. Service Delivery

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction Accounting Procurement ERP Service Delivery Personnel

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction Accounting Personnel ERP Service Delivery Procurement

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction Year 20 … 00 4 th Stage – Total Reinvention: Organizations restructure the meaning of their existence and all their internal and external relations: WHY, WHAT and HOW to produce their services or goods.

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction Agrarian Revolution – 11 th Millennium B. C. 13. 000 Years – Agrarian Society Industrial Revolution – 19 th Century 150 Years – Industrial Society ICT Revolution – 21 st Century Information Society

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction Accounting Personnel ERP Service Delivery Procurement

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction 4 th Stage – Total Reinvention PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Accounting Personnel ERP Procurement Servi ce Deliv ery Society Clients Accounting Personnel ERP Accounting Procurement Personnel ERP Servic e Delive ry Personnel Servic e Delive ry Accounting Procurement Accounting ERP Servic e Delive ry Procurement Personnel ERP Servic e Delive ry Procurement

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction Vertical + Horizontal Organizational and Informational Integration Regional National Ministry Agency

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction 4 th Stage – Total Reinvention Contracted Service Suppliers Alternative Suppliers Personnel Accounting Personnel ERP Political System Accounting ERP Procurement Accounting Servic e Delive ry Procurement ERP Personnel Procurement Servic e Delive ry PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Accounting Society Personnel ERP Clients Procurement Servi ce Deliv ery Accounting Personnel Servic e Delive ry Personnel ERP Procurement Personnel Procurement NGOs Servic e Delive ry Accounting ERP Procurement Servic e Delive ry Suppliers Personnel ERP Accounting ERP Servic e Delive ry Procurement Personnel ERP Servic e Delive ry Accounting Procurement Personnel ERP Servic e Delive ry Procurement

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction IS PARADIGM IS IMPLEMENTATION ORGANIZATION AL PARADIGM VALUES POLITIC AL PARADIG M Mainframe Legacy, Dumb Terminal. Weberian Bureaucracy, ertical V Stovepipes. Hierarchy, Tradition, Obedience Industrial State Client-Server ERP, Intra-networking, End-user Computing. Managerialism, BPR, TQM, Mb. O, Benchmarking. Efficiency, Quality, Responsiveness, Economy, Intraorganizational Integration. Net Computing ERP II Internetworking, Semantic Web, Middleware, Ontologies, Generic Data & Process Models, Enterprise Architectures. Complexity, Chaotic and Dynamic Behavior. Bounded Instability, Interorganizational – Cross-industry Integration, Interorganizational Alliances, Networking. Information Society

I. T. and Organizations: Four stages of interaction Year 20 … 00 4 th Stage – Total Reinvention: Organizations restructure the meaning of their existence and all their internal and external relations: WHY, WHAT and HOW to produce their services or goods. Organizations should question not only HOW to produce but WHAT and WHY to produce

Adding the “e” can make good governance better … …and bad governance worse Organizations have the IT they deserve.

We HAVE to rethink Governance before departing to e-Governance

Prioritizing Pol Processing Political System Check-in Assigning Check-out 3 rd Control Administrative System Ad Processing Realizing 2 nd Control 1 st Control Collecting Distributing 4 th Control Send NGOs & Civil Society S. N. e eiv ec R Private Sector

2. Regional Policies for e-Government

Why Regional Policy for e-Government At the highest level regional cooperation can • raise awareness • facilitate dialogue • build political consensus • develop a common vision for realizing e-government opportunities • identify critical bottlenecks to doing so

With regard to the implementation of this vision, regional cooperation can allow for • greater harmonization of national efforts in strategy and policy development and implementation • the establishment of regulatory frameworks • the development of open standards • ensuring interoperability at the national level, between countries and between regional organizations • social capital development, especially where human resources are often limited • overcoming limited market size and reach critical mass and economies of scale • giving regions a stronger voice in international negotiations

Regional e-Government Strategies: The case of e. Europe 2002 & 2005

e. Europe 2005 Action Plan The objective of this Action Plan is to provide a favourable environment for private investment and for the creation of new jobs, to boost productivity, to modernise public services, and to give everyone the opportunity to participate in the global information society. e. Europe 2005 therefore aims to stimulate secure services, applications and content based on a widely available broadband infrastructure.

e. Europe 2005 Action Plan e. Europe 2005 will succeed the e. Europe 2002 action plan endorsed by the Feira European Council in June 2000. e. Europe is part of the Lisbon strategy to make the European Union the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy with improved employment and social cohesion by 2010.

e. Europe 2005 Action Plan By 2005, Europe should have: – modern online public services e-government e-learning services e-health services – a dynamic e-business environment and, as an enabler for these – widespread availability of broadband access at competitive prices – a secure information infrastructure

e. Europe 2005 Action Plan The action plan is structured around four lines which are interlinked: Firstly, policy measures to review and adapt legislation at national and European level, to strengthen competition and interoperability, to create awareness, and to demonstrate political leadership. Secondly, the implementation of policy measures is supported by the development, analysis and dissemination of good practices. Thirdly, policy measures will be monitored and better focussed by benchmarking of the progress made in achieving the objectives and of the policies in support of the objectives. Fourthly, an overall co-ordination of existing policies will bring out synergies between proposed actions.

e. Europe 2005 focus on e. Government • Broadband connection. • Interoperability. • Interactive public services. • Public procurement. • Public Internet Access Points (PIAPs). • Culture and tourism.

Benchmarking of e. Europe is a 3 -stage process i. Definition of indicators ii. Measurement and analysis iii. Policy development

e. Europe 2005 stages of e. Government maturity Ø Stage 1 Information: online info about public services, Ø Stage 2 Interaction: downloading of forms, Ø Stage 3 Two-way interaction: processing of forms, incl. authentication, Ø Stage 4 Transaction: case handling; decision and delivery (payment). e-government policy indicator: No. of basic public services fully available on-line

Public Services for Citizens 1. Income taxes: declaration, notification of assessment (4) 2. Job search services by labour offices (3) 3. Social security contributions: · Unemployment benefits · Child allowances · Medical costs (reimbursement or direct settlement) · Student grants (4) 4. Personal documents (passport and driver's licence) (3) 5. Car registration (new, used and imported cars) (4) 6. Application for building permission (4) 7. Declaration to the police (e. g. in case of theft) (3) 8. Public libraries (availability of catalogues, search tools) (3) 9. Certificates (birth and marriage): request and delivery (3) 10. Enrolment in higher education / university (4) 11. Announcement of moving (change of address) (3) 12. Health related services (4)

Public Services for Businesses 1. Social contribution for employees (4) 2. Corporation tax: declaration, notification (4) 3. VAT: declaration, notification (4) 4. Registration of a new company (4) 5. Submission of data to statistical offices (3) 6. Customs declarations (4) 7. Environment-related permits (incl. reporting) (4) 8. Public procurement (4)

Added-value from e. Europe 1. Constitutes a high level Strategic Plan for the whole region 2. Promotes commitment and awareness across Member States, the European Parliament, the European Commission and all major partners 3. Identifies areas where action at European level would add value 4. Sets up a benchmarking system for assessing country position and progress 5. Influences substantially the national e. Gov strategies of the Member Countries 6. Facilitates dialogue and knowledge-sharing amongst the European Countries

Stability Pact e-SEEurope Strategy and goals The purpose of the Stability Pact e. SEEurope-initiative is to bridge the digital divide currently existing between South Eastern Europe and the European Union. Sub-groups In order to have a result-oriented process the working group has been divided into three sub-groups, namely e. SEE-business, e. SEE-government and e. SEE-education.

Stability Pact e-SEEurope e. SEEurope Agenda for the Development of the Information Society PREAMBLE In accordance with the Statement of Intent adopted in Ljubljana on June 4 th, 2002, we, the members of the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), Macedonia, and Moldova, have developed this "e. SEEurope Agenda for the Development of the Information Society" Confirming the responsibility of the countries of the region for the development of a proper environment for the Information Society for all and the joint will for harmonized regional cooperative activities; Recognizing the specific role of governments and based on the positive experiences of the e. Europe and e. Europe+ processes towards Information Society we are determined to take concrete actions in the fields of: - Organization through establishment of an institutional framework for Information and Communication Technology-based society Legislation through introduction of new legislative frameworks for Information and Communication Technology-based society - Regulation through liberalization, privatisation, policy and strategy related to electronic communications infrastructure and associated services - Promotion through encouragement of civil society, non-governmental organizations, and joint e-Governance, e-Learning, and other regional-scale activities.

Stability Pact e-SEEurope Terms of Reference Information Society State Bodies Guidance Note on National e-Strategies Adoption of the e. Europe 2002, e. Europe 2005 and e. Europe+

Stability Pact e-SEEurope Terms of Reference Information Society State Bodies üCabinet Committee for Information Society üCabinet Committee for e-Administration üCabinet Department in charge of Information Society development üManagement information service

Stability Pact e-SEEurope Terms of Reference Information Society State Bodies The Cabinet Committee for e-Administration should drive forward a national e-administration strategy for creating favourable environment for e-business by modernizing public administration; ensure quality and efficient public administration services; support integration of services across organizational boundaries; promote the use of new online delivery channels; ensure that opportunities opened up by new technologies are socially inclusive; oversight the delivery of e-administration projects within public administration, including allocation of resources and procurement; make recommendations as necessary to other cabinet committees. The Cabinet Committee for e-Administration should be constituted of ministers and other cabinet level public administration officials most closely concerned with matters of public administration modernization and e-administration. The Cabinet Committee for e-Administration should be chaired by a member of the cabinet, responsible for public administration

Stability Pact e-SEEurope Guidance Note on National e-Strategies Four priority areas necessary for moving towards integration within the broader European Information Society: • Organization – to establish the necessary institutional framework for transition to a knowledge society. • Legislation – to adopt and implement new legislation necessary to support innovation, competition and safeguard the rights of the individual (such as the right to privacy and equality of opportunity to benefit from the Information Society) • Regulation – to encourage liberalization and privatization in the provision of services and infrastructure. • Promotion – to encourage multi-stakeholder participation -- civil society, non-governmental organizations, academia and the private sector -- in the development of e-Governance, e-Learning initiatives on regional-wide scale

Stability Pact e-SEEurope Guidance Note on National e-Strategies Implementation Timetable for the e. SEE Agenda By October 2003 v Adopt National Information Society Policy and Action Plan, based on the e. SEE Agenda and NISPs, with clear goals, responsibilities and timelines for implementation v Establish a Cabinet-Level State Body for Information Society responsible for implementation of national Information Society policies, strategies and regulation, including those pertaining to e. Governance-based public administration practices and to coordinate introduction of Information Society curriculum, and standards between the ministries and relevant regional and international participants

Stability Pact e-SEEurope By the end of 2004 v Regional automated information systems covering goods traffic, free movement of citizens, measures against contraband terrorism, based on the integration of national identification population registers and a network of national centers of exchange of information. v "At cost" interconnection of national electronic communications networks. v Public information access infrastructure for free access to public information. v A regional telecommunications Service Level Agreement. v A regional skills-based electronic labour exchange. v A regional backbone connecting National Academic and Research Networks and a regional educational electronic information exchange v. Negotiate tariffs for regional cross-countries commerce in ICT products & services. v Regulation on firm creation, operation and taxation.

16 Pictures for National e-Gov Strategy

Capacity Building programme for Diplomats: Strengthening Capacity on e-Government and ICT Policy Rome, 27 June 2003 Thank you for your Attention… Peristeras Vassilios United Nations Thessaloniki Centre per@untcentre. org