California & War with Mexico By Mrs. Andreatta
Manifest Destiny • Manifest Destiny – “Obvious Fate” • The belief that it is God’s will for America to settle the west, spreading Democracy. • It began to sweep the nation in the 1840’s as thousands of Americans took to the trails leading westward. • Texas- annexed in 1845 • Oregon – annexed in 1846
Who was here? • Californios – Mexican colonists who felt little connection to their faraway government. • California only had about 12, 000 colonists • Most were traders, trappers, travelers, and a few settlers from the U. S. – about 500.
Conflict Breaks Out! • Mexico believed the border between itself and the U. S. was the Nueces River. The U. S. believed it was the Rio Grande River. • In June of 1845 – President James K. Polk orders General Zachary Taylor into the disputed area.
U. S. / Mexico Border Dispute
President James K. Polk - 1844
An Offer To Buy!? • While Taylor was in “Mexico”, President Polk sent an offer to buy New Mexico & California for $30 million • The offer is REJECTED!
Meantime. . . • Taylor is camped with his troops in the disputed area of the Rio Grande River. • Mexican forces told Taylor to leave Mexican Territory. • Taylor refuses to leave and the two armies clash. • Several U. S. Soldiers die – and Polk declares war on Mexico!
Quote from James K. Polk! • “Mexico has passed the boundary of the United States, has invaded our territory, and shed American blood upon the American soil. The two nations are now at war. ”
Bear Flag Revolt! • Settlers – only 500 Americans vs. about 12, 000 Californios in 1846 • Revolt – Americans seized Sonoma and declared California an Independent Nation in 1846 – starting the bear flag revolt. • Fremont – leader of the U. S. army on a “mapping” expedition, entered CA to support independence.
John C. Fremont – Army Captain
The California Bear Flag
California Flag Today:
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Mexico gives up present-day CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, CO, and WY (MEXICAN CESSION) • New TX boundary at Rio Grande • Mexicans protected - their free enjoyment of property, liberty, & religion. • Increased size of U. S. by 25%
Gadsden Purchase • After the War with Mexico, some Americans wanted to guarantee that any southern railroad to California would be built completely on American soil • U. S. paid Mexico $10 million for the southern parts of what are now Arizona & New Mexico • The existing boundary with Mexico was finally fixed.
After Effects: • Americans FLOODED into the Southwest • New American settlers abused residents to control land, water, and minerals. • Most Mexicans, Mexican Americans, and Native Americans faced legal, economic, and social discrimination. • However, there were many cultural and trade exchanges that brought communities together.
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