C 2 to the Tactical Edge ASNE Day

C 2 to the Tactical Edge ASNE Day 2011 Joe Famme Bryan Price Ted Raitch Jim Davison February 10, 2011 r 10 ASNE Day 2011 1

C 2 to the C 2 Tactical Edge Joe Famme Bryan Price Ted Raitch Jim Davison ASNE February 10, 2011 ASNE Day 2011 2

US National Maritime Domain Awareness Coordination Office Data Share Community of Interest NORTHERN Command Navy MDA USCG MDA DHS/DOT MDA NIMS / ICS MDA NIMS: National Incident Management System ICS: Incident Command Systems Civil Response C 2 (terror attack, oil spills, hurricanes , Fires etc. www. gmsa. gov http: //www. gmsa. gov/twiki/bin/view www. gmsa. gov/references/071213 mdaconops. pdf ASNE Day 2011 3

Maritime Domain Dominance The Classical Naval Control of the sea, coastlines and choke points: SHIPS OF THE LINE Amphibious “From the Sea” Coastal, Riverine and Brown Water Evolving threats for Ship’s boats & RHIBS “beyond the hull” Local administration, rescue & security, major ecological disasters (oil spills) to … Assuming combatant craft roles? Maritime Rescue, anti Piracy … recapture pirated ships / hostages … illegal arms / trade and narco terroism … insert SOF … border security ASNE Day 2011 4

High Stakes = Positive Control Threats beyond the hull are increasingly capable and violent Legal implications are often international Exact time, location and maneuvers must be documented Safety at sea in darkness and rough seas where boats cannot be tracked visually / must approach target craft without navigation lights Positive Control of own boats and RHIBS is recommended, ergo : ASNE Day 2011 C 2 to the Tactical Edge 5

C 2 for Tactical Response Beyond the Hull Anti-pirates, terror, drugs, illegal trade … border & port security Hazardous navigation, darkness & high sea states… International law / legal implications – often violent encounters Where is the boat? ASNE Day 2011 Condition? Execute Tactical Exchange 6

The Tactical Edge That location where responsible personnel with the correct preparation, including updates in route, arrive and gain understanding of the assistance needed or the threat, continuously exchanging their situation with their control ship via direct or C 2 relay via other ships, & air to achieve an immediate and appropriate response with force as needed. The C 2 requirement is for an affordable capability that is flexible, adaptive and agile, and interoperable with U. S. and allied coalition forces. ASNE Day 2011 7

Table 2. Ship’s Boats Positive Control Missions Scenario Missions Comm. Clear Comm. Secure Positive Location Public Positive Location Secure GPS ECDIS Radar Picture from Ship Radar Picture From Boat Status of Boat Secure 1 Anti-drug x X x x x 2 Anti-Piracy x X x x x 3 Border Security x X x x x 4 Anti. Terrorism x X x x x 5 Port Defense x X x x x 6 Insert SOF x X x x x 7 Human Rescue X X x x 8 Dark Hazardous Navigation x X x x x 9 High Sea State x X x x x AIS Support C 2? Yes Yes Yes Option Yes ASNE Day 2011 8

Two Categories of Boats Category 1 Combatant Boats and Craft Joint Capability Integration & Development System – JCIDS analysis determined “combatant” = C 2 Required GCCS J / GCCS M … GIG … Joint Tactical Radio System JTRS Amphibious Assault Direction Systems AADS Command, Control, Communication & Computer System C 4 N Blue Force Tracking Category 2 General Purpose Boats and Craft A compass, radio and binoculars and a JO with a. 45 ASNE Day 2011 9

Cat 1 Craft C 2 (SPAWAR) to the “Last Tactical Mile” ASNE Day 2011 10

Cat 1 C 2 Amphibious Assault Direction System - AADS Description Amphibious Assault Direction System, AN/KSQ-1 with Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (EPLRS), integrates the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) to form a jam / intercept resistant, friendly force tracking and command control system that supports the surface assault ship-to-shore movement in amphibious operations Programmatic ü ACAT III ü ORD Signed (Requirement) ü MS III ü OPEVAL ü IOC ü FSTR Strategy Approved Provides USER TERMINAL GROUP ü Capability to Launch, Monitor, Track and UTG – LCAC/LCU Control Surface or Combined Surface and Air • Provides PLI Amphibious Assaults up to 100 NM OTH ü Seamless Integration with USMC S-T-O-M PRIMARY ü Perform OTH Operations CONTROL GROUP PCG ü Integration with GCCS-M • Directs Ship-to-Shore Sub-Systems Movement • Mission Changes • Dynamic Reference Unit ü AN/KSQ-1 ü EPLRS May 89 Dec 95 Apr 95 Mar 97 Jul 02 RADIO RELAY GROUP RRG • Airborne Relay SECONDARY CONTROL GROUP SCG • Backup to PCG • Dynamic Reference Unit AMPHIBIOUS COMMAND GROUP ACG • Controls EPLRS Net ASNE Day 2011 11

LCAC COCKPIT UPGRADE - C 4 N REPLACEMENT Post SLEP Fully Integrated Electronics Suite Pre SLEP ASNE Day 2011 Universal Keyboard Flat Panel Displays Introduces: • Open Architecture • Modern COTS Equipment Provides: • Precision Navigation • Common Tactical Picture • Comm Suite Interoperability Upgrades: • LN-66 to P-80 Radar • KSQ-1 to EPLRS 12

USGC NAIS CONOPS Summary 1 HAEUAV Wide Area Surveillance 2 MPA Prosecution 3 NSC Interoperability ASNE Day 2011 4 Multi Asset Operation 5 Over-the-Horizon Operations 6 Shore-based Command Center 13

AIS is International Gibraltar http: //www. marinetraffic. com/ais/# ASNE Day 2011 14

AIS comes to the Navy * AIS significantly increases the ability of the Navy and allied nations to distinguish between normal and suspicious merchant ships headed toward U. S. and allied ports. Navy warships using AIS have observed dramatic increases in situational awareness, ship safety and intelligence gathering. 2005 Navy deemed AIS an urgent capability / began fielding of stand alone AIS on all warships by fiscal 2006 Integrated AIS with GCCS M in 2007 2011. AIS was granted Rapid Deployment Capability authority in January 2006 and transitioned to a program of record in 2008. The supporting C 2 architecture for this paper describes an ad hoc C 2 capability for ship’s boats and RHIBS that has been officially put in place * Excerpt form Navy League, SEAPOWER Almanac 2011, p. 93 ASNE Day 2011 15

AIS Characteristics AIS is a commercially available shipboard broad cast VHF maritime band transponder system that can transmit ship information, including navigation, identification and cargo. AIS is mandated by the International Maritime Organization for all merchant vessels over 300 tons. (Warships are exempt, but may …) Transponders incorporate GPS locating and can support 2 channel, 2 way VHF data communication, clear or secure with other ships ASNE Day 2011 16

DOD Policy: New IT / C 2 Capability Without Risk NAVSEA guidance for new IT & C 2 Systems. * Link 16 is currently BW Limited New systems must be mature (TLR 8 or 9) “State of the Shelf” Therefore what C 2 systems are available ? Which C 2 base to use for ship’s boats & RHIBS ? CAT 1 : GCCS Family of Systems ? Cat 2 : AIS based C 2 capabilities ? Recommend AIS Based Small Boat C 2 : Discussion ASNE Day 2011 * AFCEA Conference 22 Oct 10, Pentagon City 17

AIS C 2 CONOPS Extended to Ship’s Boats Add AIS C 2 to Own Cat 2 Boats and RHIBS such that every Navy and USCG ship has potential for It’s own Ad Hoc AIS based C 2 Network ASNE Day 2011 18

Status of AIS based C 2 for Small Boats / RHIBS International Development and use of AIS based C 2 for the missions described in Table 2, Small Boat Positive Control Missions Canadian Navy Pacific and Atlantic Security C 2 Operations Royal Navy Coastal / Fisheries Republic of Korea Dual Use ASNE Day 2011 19

Canadian AIS Based C 2 for Small Boats Mission Requirement: protect two high value cruise ships used to house thousands of Winter Olympic officials, staff and guests: Operation Podium Solution: AIS based C 2 using commercially available adapted C 2 Electronic (ECDIS) charting systems at two Operations Centers with compatible units installed in 15 RHIB boats for positive two way secure tactical C 2 Mission Requirement: Security for 2010 International Fleet Reviews in Esquimalt, BC, and Halifax, NS. Solution: AIS based C 2 Secure Operations 12 RHIBS. ASNE Day 2011 20

Canadian Operations Vancouver Olympics * Esquimalt 2010 ASNE Day 2011 21

Royal Navy Deploying RHIB from HMS Mersey (River Class OPV) RHIB augments offshore patrols … able to navigate small rivers and winding marsh land tributaries to objectives unreachable by ships Maintain 2 way secure C 2 ASNE Day 2011 22

Republic of Korea Wing in Ground Effect Aircraft Mainland – Inter Island Transport Dual Use with SOF Co Pilot IMO ECDIS Display Pilot IMO “Tactical” Display plus normal flight instruments and controls ASNE Day 2011 23

Shipboard & Shore AIS Installations Options Systems Integration to Sensors & Combat Systems ASNE Day 2011 24

ECDIS with AIS & Radar Displays ASNE Day 2011 25

Boat / RHIB Displays: ECDIS – AIS – (Radar Optional) ASNE Day 2011 26

Shore & RHIB AIS C 2 Installation ASNE Day 2011 27

Boat / RHIB Asset Control Technology ASNE Day 2011 28

Boat / RHIB Installation Antennas for VHF, AIS/GPS, Flux Gate Heading; Electronics enclosure; 12” ECDIS display with dynamic tactical overlays; Ergonomic 3 button/thumb stick for dynamic vectors to communicate course to steer. Add Radar plot if radar available on boat / RHIB. ASNE Day 2011 29

Additional Military Layers (AMLs) AMLs Prepared by National Hydrographic Offices ASNE Day 2011 30

Additional Military Layers (AMLs) AMLs Prepared by National Hydrographic Offices ASNE Day 2011 31

Additional Military Layers (AMLs) AMLs Prepared by National Hydrographic Offices ASNE Day 2011 32

AML Details ASNE Day 2011 33

AMLs Additional Detail ASNE Day 2011 34

Boat – RHIB Displays C 2 Elements exchanged with Control Ship: Clear or Secure Text messaging Status of Boat Machinery Radar Ship &/or Boat Spoof Contacts Vectors Operational Boundaries ASNE Day 2011 35

Boat & RHIB C 2 to the Tactical Edge Example Boat / RHIB Scenarios ASNE Day 2011 36

Control Ship or Station Display Aviation Unit (Helicopter) on Patrol RHIB Patrolling in safe waters Coast Guard Control ship ASNE Day 2011 37

RHIB Display RHIB#1 is tasked with AIS contact of interest (COI). RHIB highlights the COI with double Green Circles An Electronic Bearing Line (EBL) connects the RHIB to the COI. RHIB coxswain will steer along EBL to intercept target.

RHIB turns to intercept the contact of Interest

Control Ship has sent a Contact of Interest message to RHIB #2 is already proceeding on an intercept course. This Intercept course will take RHIB through disputed waters. Control ship must alert RHIB to avoid area.

RHIB#2 is proceeding to intercept COI. The RHIB’s display shows the COI with Highlight circle and EBL RHIB is steering intercept course. RHIB display does not show area to be avoided.

Control ship advises RHIB#2 to come about immediately via text message. Danger area is presented at same time to reinforce urgency and to provide the “whole picture”. RHIB #2 has information required to make safe choice.

RHIB has turned away from disputed area – Incident avoided!

RHIB#2 assigned a new COI

RHIB #1 is arriving alongside contact of interest HELO orbiting on station RHIB #2 is proceeding to intercept Coast Guard Ship has come about.

RHIB#1 reports status to Control ship over secure link

Summary Command is most effective when C 2 is maintained via realtime interaction with the units “in the fight” / “at the Edge: AIS based C 2 “networks” planned or “ad hoc” for small boats is Commercial Off the Shelf – TLR 8 9 Links to Control Ships and Command Centers C 2 communications are clear & secure AIS and Radar can be correlated Tactical Spoofs are possible Interoperable with all US & Allied AIS & ECDIS capabilities C 2 to the Tactical Edge ASNE Day 2011 47

C 2 to the AIS Tactical Edge Joe Famme Bryan Price Ted Raitch Jim Davison ASNE February 10, 2011 ASNE Day 2011 48

Fair Winds and Following Seas! CDR Joseph Famme, USN (ret) Lt Brian Price Canadian Navy Mr. Ted Raitch (former USAF) Lt Cdr. Jim Davison Royal Navy (ret) C 2 to the Tactical Edge ASNE Day 2011 49

Backup Slides ASNE Day 2011 50

AADS / BLUE FORCE TRACKER / FORCENET

Do. D - Blue Force Tracker http: //www. defenseindustrydaily. com/drs-gets-396 m-order-for-blue -force-tracker-computers-02353/ In June 2006, DRS Tactical Systems unit in Melbourne, FL announced a multi-year $396 million indefinite-delivery/ indefinitequantity contract to provide rugged Appliqué Computer Systems and peripheral equipment for the U. S. Army’s Force XXI Battle Command, Brigade and Below (FBCB 2 – and see video) program ASNE Day 2011 52

COCKPIT UPGRADE - C 4 N REPLACEMENT Post SLEP Fully Integrated Electronics Suite Pre SLEP ASNE Day 2011 Universal Keyboard Flat Panel Displays Introduces: • Open Architecture • Modern COTS Equipment Provides: • Precision Navigation • Common Tactical Picture • Comm Suite Interoperability Upgrades: • LN-66 to P-80 Radar • KSQ-1 to EPLRS 53

NECC ASNE Day 2011 54