C 2 Cочинение с элементами рассуждения СТРУКТУРА

C 2. Cочинение с элементами рассуждения

СТРУКТУРА РАБОТЫ: С 2. Comment on the following statement. Some people think that at school children should be able to choose which subjects to study. What is your opinion? Do you agree with the statement? Write 200 -250 words. Use the following plan: - Make an introduction (state the problem); - Express your personal opinion and give 2 -3 reasons for your opinion; - Express an opposing opinion and give 1 -2 reasons for this opposing opinion; - Explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion; - Make a conclusion restating your position.

ПОДСЧЕТ СЛОВ: • Если в выполненном задании С 2 менее 180 слов, то задание проверке не подлежит и оценивается в 0 баллов. • Если в выполненном задании С 2 более 275 слов, проверке подлежит только та часть работы, которая соответствует требуемому объему. Таким образом, при проверке задания С 2 отсчитываются от начала работы 250 слов, и оценивается только эта часть работы. • Если более 30% ответа имеет непродуктивный характер (т. е. текстуально совпадает с опубликованным источником), то выставляется 0 баллов по критерию «Решение коммуникативной задачи» , и, соответственно, все задание оценивается в 0 баллов. .

ОСОБЕННОСТИ СТИЛЕВОГО ОФОРМЛЕНИЯ: • Не используем сокращенные формы, такие как can’t, don’t, etc. • Не используем скобки и восклицательные знаки. • Не начинаем предложения и абзацы со слов but, because, and, also. • Не употребляем вводные слова, характерные для неофициального стиля общения, например, well, you know, etc. • Избегаем слишком простых предложений однообразных грамматических структур. и • Избегаем связок on the one hand / on the other hand, слов advantage, disadvantage.

INTRODUCTION: Sentence 1: a general statement to introduce the topic the essay is going to deal with; Sentence 2/3: paraphrase the essay question and present the problem with the two opposing views on it and say if you agree or disagree with the statement in general*. *In sentence 3 you can ask a rhetorical question instead. Introducing the topic: Nowadays, Today, Generally, It is a well-known fact that… There is no doubt that… There is a trend that… It is obvious that… Traditionally,

INTRODUCTIONS: We all love holidays and they are a great break from the daily routine. However, some people like to holiday in comfort, choosing a nice hotel, while others prefer having a rest in a tent somewhere in the countryside. Which is better? It is obvious that the environment is one of the biggest problems facing society. The effects of a growing population, rising temperatures and pollution should worry us all. However, the question states that a lot of Russians are basically indifferent to what happens to the environment. Throughout this century, the role of women within society has changed, and the majority of people feel that this change if for the better. More women work than ever before and have careers though some people feel that there is still a great deal of sexual discrimination. But is it really so?

EXAMPLES OF RHETORICAL QUESTIONS: • But is it really so? • But is it really beneficial to be an only child? • But is dieting really so effective and healthy? • But will it be really beneficial for mankind? • But will they be able to replace printed books?

PARAGRAPH 2: Express your opinion + give your ideas + explain why or give examples How to express your opinion: • In my opinion, • In my view, • In fact, I disagree with this opinion… • Personally, I disagree with the statement made… How to begin a topic sentence: 1. There a lot of tasty dishes, but the reason why I like our food is that there is so much variety. 2. What I like about Suzdal is that there is a very special atmosphere. 3. The reason is that we all need goals to motivate us. 4. Unfortunately, I would agree that some Russians have little interest in the environment.

HOW TO LIST ARGUMENTS: • First, / First of all, / Firstly, / To begin with, / For a start, / My first point is that, … • Second(ly), / Another point is …. / Besides, / Moreover, / A second point is that…. / In addition, • Finally, …

How to give examples: For example, For instance, To illustrate what I mean, To give an example, Take …. In my opinion, winter vacations are much better. My first point is that holiday places are much less crowded in winter. I really hate it when you can hardly get around because there are so many people everywhere. Secondly, accommodation is much cheaper if you go on holiday during the low season. Finally, it is just wonderful to have a change and celebrate New Year in a different place.

EXPRESSING AN OPPOSING OPINION: However, some people say/believe that…. There is a different point of view that… There are people who may think that… A different opinion holds that… Still, some people would argue that it is almost impossible to be famous and failure will only make you unhappy. Take music: for every singer who makes it and becomes a household name, there are probably a thousand poor boys and girls who you will never hear of. They will never make a lot of money or ever continue their career and their dreams are broken.

WRITING A COUNTER-ARGUMENT: • I am afraid I cannot agree with this argument/point because… • I disagree with this argument/point because… • This argument/point is not valid because… • However, I cannot agree with this line of argument. • Nevertheless, I do not support this argument because… • Against this I would argue that… • In response to this argument I should say that… In response to this argument I should say that Chinese is already a popular foreign language and in my school we are offered to take a beginner course. Every year there appear better textbooks and educational recourses, so this really improves the situation and helps to master the language.

CONCLUSION: • In conclusion, • To sum up, • In conclusion, I share the opinion that… • To sum up, I agree that… • In conclusion, I strongly believe that…. • To sum up, I have to disagree with the argument presented.

CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, I believe that the statement presented is correct in that there are more similarities than differences between people. This comes from the fact that people have the same needs and human nature does not vary much, so we should not take generalizations about culture too seriously.

WORDS FOR ESSAYS: • in some sense • have a lot in common • claim • reduce • the best proof is the fact that… • take practical steps • depend on many factors • be a big business • take an interest in smth • save time and effort • become obsessed with smth • indeed • relevant to • in particular • common/mainstream • redundant • crowded • have a change • modern conveniences / facilities / appliances

for the better / for the worse in the vast majority of situations effective make a decision accidentally take/make decisions avoid doing smth serve in the army have little interest in smth a great difference in people’s attitudes to smth ignore smth take care of=look after=care about the effects of … should worry us all. be indifferent to smth happen to smb be spoilt by worry about densely-populated countries close to nature make sure that

CONJUNCTIONS: • The theatre is entertaining as well as being cultural. • Apart from helping you to relax, music gives you pleasure. • Apart from the fact that flying gets you to your destination quickly, it is the safest form of transport. • Besides expanding your mind, books develop your imagination. • What I like about Suzdal is that there is a very special atmosphere. • The reason why I like our food is that there is so much variety. • It would be a good idea if all teenagers learned to cook. • A lot of tigers are killed every year, although they are protected by law.

CONJUNCTIONS: • Most people used to live in small houses in the countryside, whereas nowadays the majority live in apartments in the city. • The number of bicycles in cities has decreased despite the fact that they a very convenient way of getting around. • In spite of the fact that computers have come down in price recently, some people still don’t have one. • Working far from home, people sometimes feel lonely.