by Roman Gromak Date Presenters Topic M

by Roman Gromak

Date Presenters Topic M Mar 26 Stuart & Brittany Eyewitness Suggestability? (2) Jenna & Crystal Eyewitness Accuracy (3) Kaleena & Shelley Offences & Mental Illness (4) Diane & John Profiling W Mar 28 Tisha Cobey & Anni Buelles Jury selection process (2) Adam & Roop Violent Offenders: Special Popns (3) Carly & Ashley Risk Assessment & Violence Prediction (4) Alison & Nicole Child Custody M Apr 2 Hayley & Morgan Violent Offenders (2) Scott & Darcie Husbands Who Kill (3) Meghan & Mohammad False Confessions (4) Chelsea & Louise Female Sex Offenders W Apr 4 Barbara Sweeney & Tyler Douglas Interview Techniques (2) Braden & Kaitlyn Child eyewitness? (3) Tyler Lee and Ashleigh Rowley Child eyewitness or interviewing (4) W Apr 11 Kim & Ron Efficacy of Psychometrics (2) (3) (4)

• Social or cultural forces that exist prior to any criminal act • Structural theories • Most people have similar aspirations • Differential opportunity • Rational crime • Subcultural theories • Crime is the product of a deviation from the law • Reaction formation

• Psychoanalytic theories • Freud: inadequate identification with parents • Compulsive need for punishment to eliminate guilt • Bowlby: attachment theory • If bond with mother broken the child develops an inability to form functional social relationships

• Personality defects • Antisocial personality disorder aka psychopathy • Cortical immaturity impairs executive function • Stimulation-seeking • Parental patterns

• Social Learning Theory • Vicarious learning or modelling 1. Attend 2. Retain 3. Reproduce 4. Reinforcement Influences: familial, subcultural, symbolic

• Constitutional Learning Theory (Wilson & Herrnstein, 1985) • Ratio of gains and losses • Time discounting • Equity theory • Constitutional factors: gender, arousal, impulsivity

• Somatic typology (Sheldon, 1942) • Endomorph • Mesomorph • Ectomorph

Heritability studies Table from p. 119 Are biological parents or adoptive parents criminal? Nos. in parentheses are the total number of adopted males for each cell. (Mednick, Gabrielli & Hutchings, 1984) Bio Parent Yes Bio Parent No Adopt Parent Yes 24. 5% Of 143 14. 7% Of 204 Adopt Parent No 20. 0% Of 1226 13. 5% Of

Correlation between criminal convictions of adoptee and biological parents, but not adoptive parents (Mednick, et al. , 1994). . 7 for monozygotic twins; . 4 for dizygotic twins in terms of their criminality vs. non-criminality (Cloninger et al. , 1978)

• Eysenck (1973) • Extraversion • Psychoticism • Neuroticism