Business to Business Exchanges Jenny Arnold Supree Mongrolcheep Matthew Sheets Melissa Sherer 1
B 2 B Exchanges n Overview n Case Studies n Conclusion 2
What are B 2 B exchanges? n n B 2 B exchanges offer digital transaction services that heighten e. Business performance making it safer and more secure. The B 2 B market is composed of websites were buyers and sellers come together vertically and horizontally to communicate, bid, advertise, transact, and procure. Source: , www. techechange. com/thelibrary /b 2 bterminology. html, Viewed February 24, 2004. Source: “An outlook on B 2 B Commerce”, www. weforum. org, Viewed March 11, 2004 3
B 2 B Definition Suppliers Manufacturers Wholesalers n Selling to intermediaries rather than directly to the end customer n Fewer customers n Smaller product ranges n Source: Friesen, G. Bruce, “From B 2 B to …? ” Consulting to Management, Vol. 14, 4, 2003, pp. 27 -33. Source: Angel, Robert, “A new dawn for CRM: This time it’s B 2 B” Ivey Business Journal Online, Jul/Aug 2003, pp. 1. 4
B 2 B’s are the LARGEST markets known to business! GDP was $10, 480, 800, 000 in 2002 B 2 B spending in 2004 estimated to be: $7, 297, 300, 000 Source: www. cba. hawaii. edu/aspymkfa. htm, viewed March 11, 2004 Source: http: //encarta. msn. com, viewed April 4, 2004 5
Gartner. Group Source: www. cba. hawaii. edu/aspymkfa. htm, viewed March 11, 2004 6
DRI-WEFA Source: www. cba. hawaii. edu/aspymkfa. htm, viewed March 11, 2004 7
Why is B 2 B bigger? n n n The value of B 2 B transactions are bigger since the goods and services in the making pass through a lot of hands before they reach an end consumer. Big transaction value however does not always make a difference in the bottom line. B 2 B derived efficiencies will be competed away by companies whose products and services are uninspired and undifferentiated. Source: Rodriquez, Edel, “Special Report: Is This All You Can Build with the Net? Think Bigger Enough of this B 2 B talk. Use the Net to construct a unique company. How? Ask your customers. ” Fortune Magazine, 8 April 17, 2001
B 2 B versus B 2 C B 2 B a bonanza B 2 C a bust n n B 2 B startup goals included taking slack out of the supply chain rather than stealing customers. Of money poured into e-business efforts 80% goes to B 2 B. B 2 C startups lacked good business models, and often do not receive the money that B 2 B exchanges received. Source: Rodriquez, Edel, “Special Report: Is This All You Can Build with the Net? Think Bigger Enough of this B 2 B talk. Use the Net to construct a unique company. How? Ask your customers. ” Fortune Magazine, April 17, 2001 9
Basic B 2 B information n n B 2 B exchanges may act as a virtual marketplace that are free of geographic limits. Certain exchanges allow businesses to find particular products or suppliers and agree on terms of transactions online. Many others allow complete transactions to take place online. Either way it is easier for buyers or sellers worldwide to come together on the web. B 2 B exchanges make money through charging a transaction fee (approximately 4%) to buyers and suppliers. Source: Campanelli, Melissa, “Trading Places. (business to business exchages)” Entrepreneur. November 2000 10
Types of B 2 B exchanges n Horizontal B 2 B marketplaces are for n Vertical marketplaces are used to trade n supplies common to many industries: e. g. computers or work clothes. supplies, such as petroleum or agriculture, that are peculiar to a specific industry. Source: “B 2 B for beginners-Definitions and Applications” www. gcis. ca/B 2 B_beginners. html, Viewed February 29, 2004 11
B 2 B Benefits n When done correctly…. n n Cuts transaction costs Large opportunity for transformation because of scale and scope Buyers are able to reduce purchasing costs due to automation of paperwork. Online exchanges also introduce buyers to suppliers that they wouldn’t have traditionally met from traditional channels. Source: Friesen, G. Bruce, “From B 2 B to …? ” Consulting to Management, Vol. 14, 4, 2003, pp. 27 -33. Source: Campanelli, Melissa, “Trading Places. (business to business exchages)” Entrepreneur. November 2000 12
Benefits of B 2 B exchanges n Benefits to Buyers If a customer wants rock bottom prices he is likely to prefer a B 2 B market place, if he wants a close relationship with a supplier because his orders are large and critical to his core operations he may prefer bilateral e-trade n n Benefits to Sellers Gives sellers an opportunity to retain some control over their sales channels while minimizing service costs They can take over part of the value added processing e. g. customizing products Source: Practical guide to selling efficiently on any B 2 B exchange: www. gcis. ca/B 2 B _sellers_guide. html 13
Analyzing the B 2 B Market n 3 Elements n n n Mechanism (info-structure) to support data exchange Set of Marketing Processes Set of institutions to perform these market processes Source: Friesen, G. Bruce, “From B 2 B to …? ” Consulting to Management, Vol. 14, 4, 2003, pp. 27 -33. 14
Analyzing the B 2 B Market n Info-structure n n n Without information and the systems to gather, store, and redistribute, markets can not operate MORE efficient the structure the MORE efficient the market Broken down into physical infrastructure and intangible data Source: Friesen, G. Bruce, “From B 2 B to …? ” Consulting to Management, Vol. 14, 4, 2003, pp. 27 -33. 15
Analyzing the B 2 B Market n Market Processes Trade versus Context Trade: activities that buyers and sellers must undertake to exchange a good or service n n Includes: search, authentication, pricing, payment, and logistics Context: activities that support the trade process or make them run more efficiently n Includes: representation, regulation, influence, dispute resolution, and risk management Source: Friesen, G. Bruce, “From B 2 B to …? ” Consulting to Management, Vol. 14, 4, 2003, pp. 27 -33. 16
Analyzing the B 2 B Market Institutions: n n “ecosystem” n 3 Groups 1. 2. 3. Principals (buyers or sellers) Goods and Services to exchange Agents (brokers or traders) Represent principals in one or more of the market processes Supporting Cast Members (Bankers, Insurers, Shippers, etc) Provide highly specialized context processes to the market Source: Friesen, G. Bruce, “From B 2 B to …? ” Consulting to Management, Vol. 14, 4, 2003, pp. 27 -33. 17
Analyzing the B 2 B Market n Final Thoughts n n n More than a basic technology platform or well organized economic process Web of personal and institutional relationships An inefficient market is not uniformly inefficient…. a combination of elements could be inefficient Source: Friesen, G. Bruce, “From B 2 B to …? ” Consulting to Management, Vol. 14, 4, 2003, pp. 27 -33. 18
The Future of B 2 B exchanges n n In 2000, it was estimated that more than half of B 2 B trade would take place through e. Business networks or e. Marketplaces in 2003 In 2000, B 2 B exchanges were thought to be growing markets, however there were some doubts about the future. It was estimated that market size would be $1. 5 trillion in 2004. (five to ten times larger than estimated B 2 C markets) Source: B 2 B terminology: www. techexchage. com/the library/b 2 bterminologry. html Outlook on B 2 B commerce: www. weforum. org 19
B 2 B Numbers decrease n 2001 -1, 520 B 2 B exchanges (markets) n 2003 -180 will be active (markets) 8. 5% survival rate Source: Friesen, G. Bruce, “From B 2 B to …? ” Consulting to Management, Vol. 14, 4, 2003, pp. 27 -33. 20
Why are B 2 B exchanges struggling? n n n n People are creatures of habit Money does not ensure success Prioritizing new features is not easy Launching at the right time is tricky Security is critical Tools for viewing and collaboration are essential Movement is toward private exchanges Source: Wohlers, Terry, “E-Commerce: The Challenges of Creating a B 2 B exchange” Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 7, 2, 2001, pp. 122. 21
Evaluating B 2 B Best Practices n n n Products exchanged – specific or general? Structure of Exchange – public or private? Proposed Benefit - Buyer or Seller? Value-added services - what are current offerings and future roll-out plans? How does the exchange derive a profit – annual fees or transaction commissions? What role do the members play in the management of the exchange? 22
Case Studies World Wide Retail Exchange Covisint Steelscreen. com 23
World Wide Retail Exchange Premier Internet-based B 2 B exchange in the retail emarketplace 24
History of the WWRE n n The company was founded in March 2000 by 17 international retailers. The goal was to enable retailers and manufacturers to eliminate the inefficiencies of the supply chain by simplifying, rationalizing, and automating supply chain processes. Source: www. wwre. com, viewed March 28, 2004 25
Founding Partners n n The founding partners included Albertson's (US), Auchan (France), Casino (France), CVS (US), Kingfisher (UK), K-Mart (US), Marks Spencer (UK), Royal Ahold (The Netherlands), Target (US), Tesco (UK) and Safeway Inc. (US). At the time, the group operated over 30, 000 stores with combined sales of over $300 Billion. Source: www. wwre. com, viewed March 28, 2004 26
Founding Principles The following six principles guide the WWRE's development and growth: n Openness n Commitment to utilizing the best available technology n Focus on improving efficiency and lowering costs for the retail industry n Operation as a neutral company n Equivalent fee structures for all participants n Confidentiality of transaction information Source: www. wwre. com, viewed March 28, 2004 27
Users of the WWRE n Retailers and manufacturers can substantially reduce costs across product development, e-Procurement, and supply chain processes in the following industries: n Food n General merchandise n Textile/home n Drugstores Source: www. wwre. com, viewed March 28, 2004 28
Value to Customers/Suppliers n n n n Low-cost product offerings that are robust, scaleable, integrated, and fully supported Shared technology investments and outsourced assets Ability to access a global membership community and network with other retailers/manufacturers Value-added services from a trusted source, at competitive costs Participation in collaborative activities Complex transactions and interactions made easy through automation Standard setting benefits for all B 2 B activities 29
Strength of Membership n n Today there are 62 members. Members have stores in over 130 countries. $900 Billion in annual sales. 5, 000 employees. WWRE has saved over $1 Billion so far! 30
Additional Members 31
WWRE Alliance Partners n As part of its mission, the WWRE seeks to broaden the suite of offerings to members, thus enhancing the value of the Exchange. Through the creation of alliances and partnerships with best-of-breed providers, innovative services can be introduced to WWRE members. These offerings also complement those solutions hosted by the WWRE. 32
WWRE Technology Partners n n WWRE teams with providers of technology solutions that help enable the Exchange to deliver various software, hardware, connectivity and services to members. Collectively, these providers work with the Exchange to bring our members and their trading partners the various Sourcing and Procurement and Supply Chain Collaboration solutions and services that the Exchange offers. WWRE Technology Providers currently power the underlying application software, systems integration, customer service helpdesk, application hosting and integration components. 33
Major Products and Services of the Exchange n Surplus Goods Exchange (SGE) n Perishable Goods Exchange n Demand Aggregation n Asset Manager 34
Surplus Goods Exchange (SGE) 35
Visagent Marketplace 36
Visagent Trade Screen 37
Why use the SGE? n n n Sellers do not pay a fee to use the SGE Buyers pay a small fee, plus transportation WWRE Buyers: 2. 5% + transportation Other Buyers: 3. 5% + transportation SGE is up to 70 -80% less expensive than other alternatives (like liquidation) Trading occurs directly between retailers and suppliers – no intermediaries Source: www. wwre. com, viewed March 28, 2004 38
Perishable Goods Procurement 39
Problems in Fresh Foods n n n Grocers spend over 70 cents of every sales dollar procuring, transporting and warehousing the products they buy. Grocers continue to rely on paper, fax, and phone to manage key business processes. Studies show a huge percentage of the data in retail catalogues is wrong and invoices contain errors. Source: www. wwre. com, viewed March 28, 2004 40
Agribuys Solution Suite n n n Order Link – allows a retailer to aggregate demand information, thus enabling a central buyer to perform buying activities. Delivery Link – allows a user to track the product from the supplier to the receiving warehouse or store. Logistics Link – allows a user to take the purchase order information and build a truckload of compatible product. Source: www. wwre. com, viewed March 28, 2004 41
Demand Aggregation 42
Features of Demand Aggregation n Prior to Auction, demand can be aggregated internally and externally. n Templates can be set up to manage information across divisions for budgeting. n Suppliers can post production schedules to allow buyers to group their orders around predefined shipping dates. n Capture and analyze spending patterns. Price Curves are controlled by the Supplier! Source: www. wwre. com, viewed March 28, 2004 43
WWRE Order Execution Process 44
Asset Manager 45
Benefits of Asset Manager n n n Allows for the storage of digital assets in one location Efficiently share products, photo images, text, multimedia, audio and video with business partners. Improve communications and response time for new products with suppliers. Source: www. wwre. com, viewed March 28, 2004 46
World Wide Retail Exchange Industry Products Exchanged World Wide Retail Exchange Retail, Food, Healthcare Mostly General Private or Public Private Proposed Benefit Buyer & Seller Value-added Services Profit Sources Member’s Role in Management of the exchange Asset Management & Demand Aggregation Fees and Commissions Equity Stakes and Governing Board 47
Covisint The world’s largest B 2 B exchange 48
What is Covisint n n A technology services company whose business to business applications and communication services connect the automotive industry. They provide a common connection to suppliers and customers based on common business processes. Covisint enables customers to reduce costs, increase efficiency, enhance quality, and improve time to market. Source: www. covisint. com, Viewed February 26, 2004 49
History of Covisint n n Covisint was formed in February 2000 when Daimler Chrysler, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors combined efforts to form a single business-to-business supplier exchange. Covisint officially began providing services in the U. S. on January 1, 2001 Source: www. covisint. com, Viewed February 26, 2004 50
Size of Covisint n n Covisint does not have to publicly reveal it’s financial results since it is owned by the automakers As of February 2004: n n n 25, 000 registered customer organizations 135, 000 active users Provided services in 96 countries Source: Butters, Jamie and Jeff Bennett, “Covisint Hits rough patch as business falling flat” December 9, 2002 www. auto. com, viewed March 28, 2004 Source: www. covisint. com, viewed March 28, 2004 51
About Covisint n n Covisint is an internet auction site for auto parts and other supplies. Plan included making it quicker and easier for car companies to explain exactly what they want to buy, gather bids from suppliers around the world, and close the best possible deal Source: Butters, Jamie and Bennett, Jeff, “Covisint hits rough patch as business falling flat”, December 9, 2002 www. auto. com, viewed March 28, 2004 52
Why is Covisint necessary? n n Automotive industry supply chain is disconnected and flow of information is constricted. Information gaps exist between the value chain resulting in expensive inefficiencies and unsatisfied customers. 53
Covisint Solution n Covisint Communicate: provides supplier personnel with access to information they need to work with the host Covisint Connect: used to exchange data between current enterprise applications and it’s suppliers’ applications. Covisint Collaborate: Covisint help desk assistance. Source: www. covisint. com, Viewed February 26, 2004 54
Covisint Communicate n n Allows for industry participants to access buyer and supplier applications through one common infrastructure. Enables companies to achieve a robust presence by becoming a Trading Partner, which allows them to better communicate with their supply chain Source: www. covisint. com, viewed March 28, 2004 55
Trading Partner’s Page 56
Promised Value to Customers n n Covisint Connect provides reliable delivery of any business document to any point in the supply chain Covisint Connect is a new way to conduct traditional store-and-forward Electronic Document Interchange (EDI) 57
Promised Value to Suppliers n n n Cost effective solution to engage smaller trading partners Improved data integrity Affordable electronic communication with trading partners 58
Covisint Collaborate n Enables suppliers to connect effectively and efficiently through three phases: n Project Goal and Scope of Work: understanding project goals and business objects of the customer. n Supplier Rationalization and Prioritization: work with individual companies to provide timely and accurate information n Supplier Recruitment and Status Reporting: Covisint provided applications that are licensed to each supplier with an individual contract Source: www. covisint. com, February 26, 2004 59
Troubles for Covisint n n n In July 2000, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) launched an investigation to explore the possibility of anti-trust implications. Since the founders represented a large share of the auto market their online exchange could raise anti-trust concerns. The FTC wanted to make sure that the arrangement would not allow for the big auto makers to collude in order to force down prices. Source: “Anti-trust and Competitive Issues in B 2 B Trading Exchanges: Covisint Inc. ” Centre for 60 Asian Business Cases, ECCH, July 12, 2002
Covisint’s Response n n They issued the Antitrust Compliance Policy for Covisint. This was designed to provide the officers, directors, and employees with guidelines for compliance with the antitrust laws. Any employee who did not comply with this policy was subject to discipline which could include a demotion or dismissal. Management was also responsible for the conduct of all employees reporting to them. Source: www. covisint. com , viewed February 26, 2004 61
The Outcome n n On September 11, 2000 Covisint received clearance from the FTC, because they would be open to participation for all potential suppliers and would not be the exclusive vehicle through which automakers purchased parts. Since Covisint did not start providing services until January 2001, they were considered not to be in business, therefore in the future they may raise antitrust concerns based on how it was going to do business. 62
The Outcome (cont) n n Covisint was the first B 2 B exchange to be reviewed by the FTC, and it therefore sparked debate on how the B 2 B industry should be regulated. The FTC stated that the antitrust analysis of a B 2 B exchange will be specific to it’s mission, structure, it’s particular market circumstances, procedures, and rules for organization and operation, and actual operations and market performance. Source: “Anti-trust and Competitive Issues in B 2 B Trading Exchanges: Covisint Inc. ” Centre for Asian Business Cases, ECCH, July 12, 2002 63
More Troubles for Covisint n n Bogus auctions made suppliers reluctant to sell their products through Covisint. Stiff competition from other internet companies making it difficult to charge needed prices. Covisint unable to make expected $240 billion in transaction value every year. In 2002, Covisint had about $70 million in annual revenues when it had hoped to have $150 million. Source: Butters, Jamie and Jeff Bennett, “Covisint hits rough patch as business falling flat” December 9, 2002, www. auto. com, viewed March 28, 2004 Source: Hamm, Steve, “B 2 B Isn’t Dead. It’s Learning” Business Week. December 18, 2002 64
Results of Recent Problems n n n In December 2003, Covisint signed an agreement with Freemarkets a global supply management solutions to acquire the sourcing and services assets of Covisint Freemarkets will now be positioned as the premier provider of sourcing technologies and services to the automotive industry Freemarkets will provide the auctioning services for Covisint Source: “Freemarkets signs agreement to acquire Covisint Auction Services, www. freemarkets. com, viewed March 28, 2004 65
Covisint Industry Products Exchanged Covisint Auto Specific Private & Public Private Proposed Benefit Buyer & Seller Value-added Services Profit Source(s) Member’s Role in Management of the Exchange Connect, Communicate, & Collaborate Commissions Members sit as Board of Directors 66
Steelscreen. com The Metal Industry 67
Understanding the challenge Exploiting new technology in an old industry: “Imagine you have been dating someone for years. The relationship is blossoming, but one day your sweetheart informs you that instead of calling, you should communicate by email. And if you want to get together, you should arrange that through an online dating service, where you will competing with other suitors. That, in essence, is the message that suppliers of everything from paperclips to maintenance services got a couple of years ago when manufacturers eager to try business-to-business, or B 2 B, exchanges on the Internet, ” says Laird Harrison, Time Magazine writer. Source: Harrison, Laird. “B 2 B Survivors” Time Magazine, December 24, 2001. 68
n Steelscreen’s Founding Fathers Founded in 1999 by group from the European metals and telecom industries. Fredrik Ohrn Financial Manager David Schelin CEO Peter Anderberg Marketing Manager Anders Candell Technical Manager “Steelscreen’s founders have an extensive knowledge on the metal business, which guarantees the marketplace really fulfills the needs of the European companies, ” says Mario Vergna, Commercial Director of ILTA INOX. Source: Subirana, Brian. “STEELSCREEN. com: Challenges in aligning technology and strategy in B 2 B” The European Case Clearing House, March 2002. 69
Steelscreen’s Proposition & Goals n n n Offer a meeting point for buyers and sellers, allowing them to communicate more efficiently with a trading tool tailored to the needs of the metals industry. Become the leading marketplace for the metal products in Europe, by making the purchase and sale of metals on the European metals market simpler and more efficient, through a neutral marketplace. Also aimed to offer a range of related value-added services, to be provided by service partners. Source: Subirana, Brian. “STEELSCREEN. com: Challenges in aligning technology and strategy in B 2 B” The European Case Clearing House, March 2002. 70
E-Commerce Trading Models n n First Generation: Many Sellers to One Buyer Second Generation: One Seller to Many Buyers Third Generation: Neutral “STEELSCREEN. com: Challenges in aligning technology and strategy in B 2 B” The European Case Clearing House, March 2002. 71
Third Generation Model: Benefits for Suppliers n Sell their products with lower operating costs Needs are satisfied Transactions processed faster Gain competitive advantage Reaches most users Does not require large IT investments n NO GREAT DISADVANTAGES! n n n Source: Subirana, Brian. “STEELSCREEN. com: Challenges in aligning technology and strategy in B 2 B” The European Case Clearing House, March 2002. 72
Third Generation Model: Benefits for Buyers n Simplified negotiation process Needs are satisfied n NO GREAT DISADVANTAGES! n Source: Subirana, Brian. “STEELSCREEN. com: Challenges in aligning technology and strategy in B 2 B” The European Case Clearing House, March 2002. 73
$$$$ Revenue Model $$$ Sales Commissions of 0. 5 to 1% of Transaction Value. Not involved in the actual transactions between buyer and seller. No fee charged to purchasing party. Source: Subirana, Brian. “STEELSCREEN. com: Challenges in aligning technology and strategy in B 2 B” The European Case Clearing House, March 2002. 74
Steelscreen’s Members n n Spring 2000, Trading on the web started End of August 2000, more than 700 members had joined. Source: Subirana, Brian. “STEELSCREEN. com: Challenges in aligning technology and strategy in B 2 B” The European Case Clearing House, March 2002. 75
Types of Members n n Selling Member: Information and Selling Buying Member: Information and Purchasing Buying and Selling Member (wholesalers): Information, Purchasing and Selling Associated Member: Information Steelscreen is an Internet Marketplace providing buyers and sellers the most efficient market channel. Source: Subirana, Brian. “STEELSCREEN. com: Challenges in aligning technology and strategy in B 2 B” The European Case Clearing House, March 2002. 76
Why be a member of Steelscreen? n n n n n Cheaper: Fee less than half paid to intermediaries Faster: Distributed to all potential business partners Simpler: Inquiries and Offers specified More Efficient: Reach all members at once Time Saving: Spend time only with rewarding contacts Up-to-date: Facts, trends and analyses Comprehensive: Growing number of services Independent: Neutral to both sides European: Standard and languages Secure: Maximum security Source: Subirana, Brian. “STEELSCREEN. com: Challenges in aligning technology and strategy in B 2 B” The European Case Clearing House, March 2002. 77
One Member’s Thoughts…. . “Trading on Steelscreen gives us several major advantages. The most important benefit is the ability to find, evaluate and select the right business partner. This helps us to avoid risks. In addition, our goal is to save time and money and make our trading process more efficient. Steelscreen helps us to achieve this, ” says Mario Vergna, Commercial Director of ILTA INOX. Source: www. steelscreen. com, viewed April 2, 2004 78
Steelscreen Exchange Any metal product is tradable, the more standardized the easier it is to use the system. Steelscreen is an Internet Marketplace providing buyers and sellers the most efficient market channel. “Anderson Consulting has projected that 40 -60% of all metal produced in the world will be sold via internet by 2005”. Source: Subirana, Brian. “STEELSCREEN. com: Challenges in aligning technology and strategy in B 2 B” The European Case Clearing House, March 2002. 79
Supplier’s Area: How to send a Spot Item Creating a Spot Item and Product Selection. Completing and Sending the Spot Item. 80
Supplier’s Area: Replying to an Inquiry 81
The Buyer’s Area: Sending an Inquiry Creating an Inquiry and Product Selection. Completing and sending the Inquiry. 82
Buyer’s Area: Replying to a Spot Item 83
Registering Member’s Standards n n n Steelscreen offers the most complete database of standards and alloy information. A Member can search the database by designation, chemical composition and mechanical properties. A member can add their own standards and alloys and define specific characteristics. = Saves time, finds products that suit the member’s needs and products can be customized to specific characteristics. Source: Subirana, Brian. “STEELSCREEN. com: Challenges in aligning technology and strategy in B 2 B” The European Case Clearing House, March 2002. 84
Standards Tailored to Member’s Needs Defining the Standard 85
Standards Tailored to Member’s Needs cont’d Completing the Grades 86
Steelscreen Industry Product Exchanged Steelscreen Steel Specific Private & Public Private Proposed Benefit Buyer & Seller Value-added Services Profit Source(s) Member’s Role in Management of the exchange Financial Services and Logistics Commissions on Transactions None 87
Conclusions 88
Steelscreen WWRE Auto Steel Retail, Food, Healthcare Products Exchanged Specific Mostly General Private & Public Private Proposed Benefit Buyer & Seller Financial Services & Logistics Asset Mgmt & Demand Aggregation Industry Value-added Services Deriving a Profit Members Role in Management of the Exchange Covisint Connect, Communicate & Collaborate Commissions Members sit as Board of Directors Commissions on Fees & Transactions Commissions None Equity Stakes & Governing Board 89
Survivors n n n n Covisint-Automotive Elemica-Chemical Exostar-Defense E 2 Open-Technology Global Healthcare-Healthcare Pantellos Group-Utility Trade-Ranger-Energy Source: Ulfelder, Steve. “B 2 B Survivors” Computerworld, Vol 38, 5, 2004, pp. 27 -28 90
Changing the Focus “Three years ago, the tech was our raison d’etre. No longer. We’ve gone from being IT experts to being purchasing agents, ” Trade Ranger CEO, John Wilson. “In 2000, we thought we’d move faster. We thought we’d bring people right in to the Net and XML. But soon we realized we were pushing a rock uphill. Health care (IT) systems aren’t the most up to date…. People had EDI and didn’t want to change that. We had to back off our aspirations of making major changes quickly, ” Kevin Ruffe, Chief Operating Officer with Healthcare Exchange LLC. Source: Ulfelder, Steve. “B 2 B Survivors” Computerworld, Vol 38, 5, 2004, pp. 27 -28 91
How did B 2 B exchanges survive? n n Patience with 5 to 7 year plans (Trade. Ranger) Downplayed technology from the outset (Pantellos Group) “From the beginning, we knew that it was about value-added, not just technology, " Jim Neikirk, CEO. Never clear as to whether the survivors will be truly successful. Source: Ulfelder, Steve. “B 2 B Survivors” Computerworld, Vol 38, 5, 2004, pp. 27 -28 92
Questions? 93
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