Business models for OER: A contingency approach Anne Helsdingen, Ben Jansen & Robert Schuwer Open University of the Netherlands
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . OER and the Open University Heaven or Hell Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know • Several institutional initiatives: Wikiwijs, Opener, St. OER • Current organisation: – Provides online Bachelor and Master courses for self-study, provides personal support, administers tests and exams – Funding from government, lumpsum and per student – Students pay tuition • What is a sustainable OER approach for the OU?
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . It is not a choice if. . . Heaven or Hell Questions Approach The Canvas Approach • Educational content will be distributed over the internet • Other institutes are providing content and services Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know …but rather how? What content is suitable? How do we interact? Who is responsible for what? How can we sustain our business?
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven…. . Heaven or Hell Questions Approach The Canvas Approach • • Free to share and collaborate Open and easy to work with Get lots of people involved and contribute Create learning environments for everyone Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know …. . or Hell? Where to find what – can you still trust sources? Who is in control? We are creating a strong competitor Do I still have a job in the new organisation?
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Questions Why do other institutions provide OER? Questions Approach The Canvas Approach How are other educational institutes managing OER? Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know How successful are they?
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Approach Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know What are others doing? Analyse business models of other initiatives
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Approach Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know What are others doing? Analyse business models of other initiatives A story that tells you: What do we do how and for whom? Structuring activities, make choices
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Approach Questions Approach The Canvas Approach What are others doing? Analyse business models of other initiatives Are they successful? A story that tells you: What do we do how and for whom? Structuring activities, make choices Improve education and learning We collect data from semi-structured interviews Let’s Paint Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Approach Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know What are others doing? Analyse business models of other initiatives A story that tells you: What do we do how and for whom? Structuring activities, make choices We collect data from semi-structured interviews We ask them!
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Approach Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know What are others doing? Analyse business models of other initiatives A story that tells you: What do we do how and for whom? Structuring activities, make choices We collect data from semi-structured interviews We ask them! Gather information on why they offer OER, and how succesfull they are.
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know Approach • Analyse business according to Osterwalder & Pigneur (2009) Canvas • Semi structured interviews • MIT, OUNL, TU Delft, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico Monterey, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, University of California Irvine, Open Highschool of Utah, Flatworldknowledge, EADTU, Athabasca, Canada, Wiki. Educator, KU Leuven, …. • A business models does not specify whether you are successful!
OER and OUNL Approach It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know • Analyse business according to Osterwalder & Pigneur (2009) Canvas • Semi structured interviews • MIT, OUNL, TU Delft, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico Monterey, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, University of California Irvine, Open Highschool of Utah, Flatworldknowledge, EADTU, Athabasca, Canada, Wiki. Educator, KU Leuven, …. • Literature review: – – Using Scopus (peer reviewed) Keyword: Open Educational Resources Result: 32 hits. Selection criteria (abstracts): the objective should be to evaluate impact, effect or use of OER – Result: 11 (all after 2007)
Key partnerships Core activities Value Proposition Customer relationships Let’s paint! Key resources Cost structure Channels Revenu streams Customer segments
Key partnerships Core activities Value Proposition Customer relationships - Building blocks - Introductory / teaser courses Key resources Cost structure -Complete courses Channels Revenu streams Customer segments
Key partnerships Core activities Value proposition Customer relationships Customer segments - Self learners - Building blocks - Regular students - Introductory / teaser courses Key resources Cost structure -Complete courses Channels Revenu streams - Educational professionals
Key partnerships Core activities Value proposition Customer relationships Customer segments - Self learners - Building blocks - Regular students - Introductory / teaser courses Key resources -Complete courses Channels - Website - Web 2. 0 tools Cost structure Revenu streams - Educational professionals
Key partnerships Core activities Value proposition - Building blocks - Introductory / teaser courses Key resources -Complete courses Customer relationships - Contentpush - Interactive with users and contributors Channels - Website - Web 2. 0 tools Cost structure Revenu streams Customer segments - Self learners - Regular students - Educational professionals
Key partnerships Core activities Value proposition Customer relationships Customer segments Digitizing Suitable for self-study - Building blocks Creating community - Introductory / teaser courses Key resources -Complete courses - Contentpush - Self learners - Interactive with users and - Regular contributors students Channels - Website - Web 2. 0 tools Cost structure Revenu streams - Educational professionals
Key partnerships Core activities Value proposition Customer relationships Customer segments Digitizing Suitable for self -study - Building blocks Creating community Key resources - Educators -Experts (digitizing, law, didactics) -Volunteers Cost structure - Introductory / teaser courses -Complete courses - Contentpush - Self learners - Interactive with users and - Regular contributors students Channels - Website - Web 2. 0 tools Revenu streams - Educational professionals
Key partnerships Core activities Value proposition Customer relationships Customer segments Digitizing Suitable for self -study - Building blocks Creating community Key resources - Introductory / teaser courses -Complete courses - Educators -Experts (digitizing, law, didactics) -Volunteers Cost structure - Fixed costs: Man hours for key activities - Variable costs: Low, updating, storage - Contentpush - Self learners - Interactive with users and - Regular contributors students Channels - Website - Web 2. 0 tools Revenu streams - Educational professionals
Key partnerships Core activities Value proposition Customer relationships Customer segments Digitizing Suitable for self -study - Building blocks Creating community Key resources - Introductory / teaser courses -Complete courses - Educators -Experts (digitizing, law, didactics) -Volunteers - Contentpush - Self learners - Interactive with users and - Regular contributors students Channels - Educational professionals - Website - Web 2. 0 tools Cost structure Revenu streams - Fixed costs: Man hours for key activities - Variable costs: Low, updating, storage -Funding: government or foundation -Transfer to fee based program -Third party funding
Key partnerships Core activities Value proposition Customer relationships Customer segments Digitizing - For support or exchange of Suitable for self -study ideas - Building blocks - With volunteers Creating community Key resources - Introductory / teaser courses -Complete courses - Educators -Experts (digitizing, law, didactics) -Volunteers - Contentpush - Self learners - Interactive with users and - Regular contributors students Channels - Educational professionals - Website - Web 2. 0 tools Cost structure Revenu streams - Fixed costs: Man hours for key activities - Variable costs: Low, updating, storage -Funding: government or foundation -Transfer to fee based program -Third party funding
Key partnerships Core activities Value Proposition Digitizing Support and exchange of ideas Ready for self -study Introductory courses Customer relationships Customer segments Content push Regular students Complete courses Self learners Key resources Channels Educators Website Experts (digitizing, law, didactics) (Web 2. 0 tools) Cost structure Revenu streams Manhours for Experts Funding
Key partnerships Core activities Value proposition Customer relationships Many other activities - A whole lot of other things Key resources Cost structure - Channels Revenu streams Customer segments
Key partnerships Volunteers Core activities Value Proposition Creating an active community Customer relationships Customer segments Interactive, contributor and users Educators Building blocks Complete courses in making OER Key resources Channels Volunteers Web 2. 0 tools Experts Cost structure Revenu streams Manhours for variable costs Funding Third party funding Life long learners
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Are they successfull? Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know Yes and No
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Are they successfull? Heaven or Hell Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Yes and No Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know - Enhance reputation Improve education and learning Provide better service to regular students Service life-long learners
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Are they successfull? Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know • Yes • Reputation • Service to own students
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Are they successfull? Heaven or Hell Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know • No • Improving education and learning • Reaching life-long learners
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Improve education and learning Questions Approach The Canvas Approach One-way interaction with users is not using full potential of collective intellect to improve materials Updating and revision cycles tend to be long Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know One-way interaction may not generate a rich learning environment Value proposition is content-oriented, not offering meaningful learning experiences / tasks Feedback on learning is absent or low quality
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Reach life-long learners Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know Value proposition is not adapted to specific needs of the lifelong learner Ware-house approach Bespoke training Cost-driven approach towards learning materials denies the fact that learning is an investment on all levels (community, organization, learner)
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know Yes, No…. We don’t know Not many effect or impact studies published Organizations’ impact measures are limited And even if they do: And how can we relate that to business model choices? - Insufficient information on failed initiatives - Insufficient knowledge of new learning models
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Are we successful (sofar) Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know Yes and No
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Are we successful (sofar) Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Yes and No Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know Why do other institutions provide OER? How are other educational institutes managing OER? How successful are they?
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Are we successfull? Heaven or Hell Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Yes Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know We know what other institues are doing We know why they are doing this
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Are we successfull? Heaven or Hell Questions Approach The Canvas Approach No Let’s Paint Are they successful? Improve education and learning Reach life-long learners We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know We do not know which business models guarantee succes
OER and OUNL It’s not a choice if. . Heaven or Hell Questions Approach The Canvas Approach Yes, No…. We don’t know Many more questions: Learning value of new environments: transfer, collaborative learning, peer review, and so forth Let’s Paint Are they successful? Transaction models of ‘consumer behavior’ Improve education and learning Who are our customers? Government, learners, contributors… Reach life-long learners ……. We don’t know Are we successful? We don’t know
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