Business Ethics BUSI 1314 Lecture 4 – Ethical Theories part 1 Wim Vandekerckhove vw 01@gre. ac. uk Learning outcomes: lecture/tutorial will enable you to -Recognise and distinguish different types of ethical arguments -Understand the underlying sensitivities and assumptions of ethical theories -Appreciate the limits of specific ethic theories -Design and use different types of ethical argument in a complementary way
Lecture 4: Theories of Ethics 1 1. 2. 3. 4. • Evaluating actions Consequences Duties Justice Further reading: Altman (2007) Mc. Kay (2000) Crane & Matten (2010, chapter 3) Wim Vandekerckhove - Business Ethics BUSI 1314 - University of Greenwich 2010 -2011
1. Evaluating actions What makes an action good? action principle deontology result consequentialism Wim Vandekerckhove - Business Ethics BUSI 1314 - University of Greenwich 2010 -2011
2. Consequences Consequentialism - Utilitarianism Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill An action is morally right if it results in the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people affected by the action chain of causes and effects pain and pleasure right and wrong Wim Vandekerckhove - Business Ethics BUSI 1314 - University of Greenwich 2010 -2011 -It’s not about you, but about all affected -Do we know all the outcomes in advance?
If we don’t know all the outcomes, is it fair to judge upon that, especially if we know the intentions were good? Wim Vandekerckhove - Business Ethics BUSI 1314 - University of Greenwich 2010 -2011
3. Duties Deontology Immanuel Kant Dare to think! We can know by our own reasoning what is ethical. (without an external authority) Hypothethical Imperative: Do this if you want to achieve that Categorical Imperative: That what you need to do … simply because you must do it. Wim Vandekerckhove - Business Ethics BUSI 1314 - University of Greenwich 2010 -2011
3. Duties (cont) Act according to a rule by which you can will that it should become a universal law (consistency) Act so that you treat humans always as an end, and never as a means only (respect) Act so that your will through its rule could regard itself as universal lawgiving (universality) Wim Vandekerckhove - Business Ethics BUSI 1314 - University of Greenwich 2010 -2011
3. Justice principle action result LAW Laws represent an ethical consensus, But whether the consensus is realised through the law depends on the loopholes. Wim Vandekerckhove - Business Ethics BUSI 1314 - University of Greenwich 2010 -2011
3. Justice (cont) OR? Justice as Fairness Equality Of opportunities? Of outcomes? Wim Vandekerckhove - Business Ethics BUSI 1314 - University of Greenwich 2010 -2011
3. Justice (cont) Cole et al (2010) – types of organisational justice: • • Distributive justice Procedural justice Informational justice Interpersonal justice Wim Vandekerckhove - Business Ethics BUSI 1314 - University of Greenwich 2010 -2011
References • • Altman, M. C. (2007), ‘The decomposition of the corporate body: What Kant cannot contribute to business ethics’, Journal of Business Ethics 74, 253 -266. Cole, M. S. , Bernerth, J. B. , Walter, F. , and Holt, D. T. (2010), ‘Organizational justice and individuals’ withdrawal: Unlocking the influence of emotional exhaustion’, Journal of Management Studies 47(3), 367 -390. Crane, A. and Matten, D. (2010) Business Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mc. Kay, R. B. (2000), ‘Consequential utilitarianism: Addressing ethical deficiencies in the municipal landfill siting process’, Journal of Business Ethics 26, 289 -306. Wim Vandekerckhove - Business Ethics BUSI 1314 - University of Greenwich 2010 -2011
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