BUSI 240 Introduction to Information Systems Tuesday

BUSI 240 Introduction to Information Systems Tuesday & Thursday 8: 05 am – 9: 30 am Wyant Lecture Hall Please sign the roster on the back table. 4 -1

Current Events – What’s going on? How outcome in Egypt could affect the United States The turmoil in Egypt is intensifying and the outcome of the increasingly bloody demonstrations remains unclear. Antigovernment protesters and pro-government supporters are clashing in the streets of Cairo, and the Egyptian military is ordering everybody to go home. Could the turmoil in Egypt affect the U. S. economy? It already has, mainly because of what happens to oil prices when global tensions rise. Oil prices have been increasing in the past two weeks, and have topped $100. http: //news. yahoo. com/s/yblog_exclusive/20110202/pl_yblog_exclusive/how-outcome-in-egypt-could-affect-theunited-states 4 -2

Current Events – What’s going on? For i. Phone, Almost Heaven It’s here. After almost four years of speculation, the i. Phone will finally come to Verizon’s network on Feb. 10. And to answer everyone’s question, the Verizon i. Phone is nearly the same as AT&T’s i. Phone 4 — but it doesn’t drop calls. For several million Americans, that makes it the holy grail. http: //finance. yahoo. com/news/For-i. Phone-Almost-nytimes-1849951090. html? x=0 4 -3

Current Events – What’s going on? Chrome explodes at the expense of IE Microsoft's Internet Explorer dips below 50% of the browser market for the first time since the late 90 s. Google's (GOOG) Chrome browser continues to increase its market share at an impressive rate, more than tripling from 3. 69% September 2009 to 11. 54% September 2010, according to browser analytics firm Statcounter. http: //tech. fortune. cnn. com/2010/10/05/statcounter-chrome-explodes-at-the-expense-of-ie/ 4 -4

Current Events – What’s going on? 4 -5

Current Events – What’s going on? Browser Market Share 4 -6

Current Events – What’s going on? Survey: One in three U. S. teens plans to buy an i. Phone within six months 33% of teens surveyed plan to buy an i. Phone within 6 months, up from 22% last year. "Historically, interest in buying an i. Phone has correlated to future market share gains among teens, " Munster notes http: //tech. fortune. cnn. com/2010/10/06/survey-one-in-three-u-s-teens-plans-to-buy-an-iphone-within-sixmonths/ 4 -7

Current Events – What’s going on? 4 -8

Current Events – What’s going on? 4 -9

Current Events – What’s going on? Did You Know? (Video) 4 -10

Quiz #2 covers Chapters 3 & 4 l There are 20 questions (10 from each chapter) l Use the Lecture Power. Point slides as study guides. l This is an On-Line quiz! l You are expected to take the quiz individually – not with a friend – not in groups!! l You will have 30 minutes to complete the quiz. l Quiz is available from 9: 30 am this morning (Tuesday) until 8: 00 am Thursday morning l Go to online. apu. edu l Sign in using your user name and password l 4 -11

Assignment #2 l Select a product to evaluate: l l l Digital camera Cell phone MP 3 player Car Computer Follow the steps on the spreadsheet to evaluate three models of the product l Due February 22 nd l Submit assignment to e. Comanion’s Drop Box l 4 -12

Assignment #2 l Web sites with product reviews: l www. cnet. com l www. consumerreports. org l www. consumersearch. com l www. epinions. com l review. zdnet. com l www. consumerreview. com 5 -13

Extra Credit l Current Events article must include the following: l Your review of the article (2 paragraphs) l Why is this article relevant for this class? 5 -14

Chapter 4 b Computer Software Application Software Systems Software Operating Systems Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Copyright

System software Software that manages and supports a computer system l System management programs l Programs that manage hardware, software, network, and data resources l E. g. , operating systems, network management programs, database management systems, systems utilities l Systems development programs l Programs that help users develop information system programs l 4 -16

Operating System l 4 -17 Integrated system of programs that l Manages the operations of the CPU l Controls the input/output and storage resources and activities of the computer system l Provides support services as computer executes applications programs l Maximizes the productivity of a computer system by operating it in the most efficient manner

Operating System basic functions 4 -18

User Interface l Part of the operating system that allows you to communicate with it l Three main types: l Command-driven l Menu-driven l Graphical 4 -19 user interfaces (GUI)

Resource management l Part of operating system that manages the hardware and networking resources of a computer system l Includes CPU, memory, secondary storage device, telecommunications, and input/output peripherals l Virtual memory l Swapping parts of programs and data between memory and magnetic disks 4 -20

File management l Part of the operating system that controls the creation, deletion, and access of files of data and programs 4 -21

Task Management l Part of the operating system that manages the accomplishment of computing tasks of the end users l Multitasking l Task management approach that allows for several tasks to be performed in a seemingly simultaneous fashion l Assigns only one task to CPU but switches between tasks so quickly looks like executing all programs at once l Also 4 -22 called multiprogramming or time-sharing

Popular Operating Systems Windows l GUI, multitasking, networking, multimedia l Microsoft’s operating system l Different versions manage servers l Unix l Multitasking, multiuser, network-managing l Portable – can run on mainframes, midrange and PCs l Linux l Low-cost, powerful reliable Unix-like operating system l Open-source (see notes) l MAC OS X l Apple operating system for the i. Mac l GUI, multitasking, multimedia l (See Notes) 4 -23

Other types of system software 4 -24

Other system software l Utilities l Miscellaneous housekeeping functions l Example, Norton utilities includes data backup, virus protection, data compression, etc. l Performance monitors l Programs that monitor and adjust computer system to keep them running efficiently l Security monitors l Programs that monitor and control use of computer systems to prevent unauthorized use of resources 4 -25

Application servers l Provide an interface between an operating system and the application programs of users l Middleware l Software that helps diverse software applications exchange data and work together more efficiently 4 -26

Programming Languages 4 -27

Machine Languages l First-generation languages l All program instructions had to be written using binary codes unique to each computer l Programmers had to know the internal operations of the specific type of CPU 4 -28

Assembler Languages l Second-generation languages l Symbols are used to represent operation codes and storage locations l Need language translator programs to convert the instructions into machine instructions l Used by systems programmers (who program system software) 4 -29

High-Level Languages l Third-generation languages l Instructions that use brief statements or arithmetic expressions l Macroinstructions: each statement generates several machine instructions when translated by compilers or interpreters l Easier to learn than assembler l Machine independent l Less efficient than assembler l COBOL is an example of a High-Level Language 4 -30

Fourth-Generation Languages l Variety of programming languages that are nonprocedural and conversational l Nonprocedural – users specify results they want while computer determines the sequence of instructions that will accomplish those results l Natural Language – very close to English or other human language 4 -31

Object-Oriented Languages Combine data elements and the procedures that will be performed upon them into Objects l E. g. , an object could be data about a bank account and the procedures performed on it such as interest calculations l 4 -32

Object-Oriented Languages l Most widely used software development languages today l Easier to use and more efficient for graphics-oriented user interfaces l Reusable: can use an object from one application in another application l E. g. , Visual Basic, C++, Java 4 -33

Web Languages HTML l A page description language that creates hypertext documents for the Web l XML l Describes the contents of Web pages by applying identifying tags or contextual labels to the data in Web documents l Java l Object-oriented programming language that is simple, secure and platform independent l Java applets can be executed on any computer l (see notes) 4 -34

J 2 EE versus. Net 4 -35

Web Services l Software components l based on a framework of Web and object-oriented standards and technologies l for using the Web l to electronically link the applications of different users and different computing platforms 4 -36

How web services work Source: Adapted from Bala Iyer, Jim Freedman, Mark Gaynor and George Wyner, “Web Services: Enabling Dynamic Business Networks, ” Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Volume 11, 2003, p. 543. 4 -37

Language Translator Programs l Translate instructions written in programming languages into machine language l Assembler l translates assembler language statements l Compiler l translates high-level language statements l Interpreter l compiler that translates and executes each statement in a program one at a time l Java is interpreted 4 -38

Programming Tools l Help programmers identify and minimize errors while they are programming l Graphical Programming Interfaces l Programming Editors l Debuggers l CASE l. A tools combination of many programming tools into a single application with a common interface l Used in different stages of the systems development process 4 -39