Bunkering in the 21 st Century G R

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Bunkering in the 21 st Century G. R. Bowler, Inc. Marine Controls 2261 Lake Rd. Ontario, NY 14519 USA www. grbowler. com 315 -524 -8750

Benefits of 1% Measurement Improvement l Bunker represents 50 -70% of total ship operating expense Example: Large container ship-7, 750 TEU – Last summer bunkers @ $500/tn = $30 M – Now $335/tn = $13. 4 M – Next summer ? ? l What does a 1% measurement improvement mean to you? – Last summer $300 K potential savings – Today $134 k potential savings – Reduced billing discrepancies l The technology is here today that can benefit suppliers, barge operators and shipping companies

Agenda l Bunker Sources of Error l Custody Transfer Challenges l Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work l Questions

Bunker Sources of Error 1 cm tape error = 0. 25% error for a 4 m level Potential savings on 9000 tonne stem $7, 500 Bunker Tank

Bunker Sources of Error – Temperature Placement of temperature probe is critical for optimum volume to mass conversion l Is the temperature measurement representative of total bunker? l Average calculation vs single point l Savings can be significant l 2°C error on temp (avg) = 0. 1% error for a 991 g/l product at 50°C l l Savings $$$ °C °C

Sources of Error - Density & Stratification Errors of 0. 25% to 1. 5% possible D Tank Stratification Tank A Tank B

Bunker Sources of Error – Entrained Gas Consider a Bunker with 5% entrained gas: l l l A volume measurement will give a batch error of +5% Effect on mass measurement is negligible Drive Gain can be used to indicate presence of EG 5% error = $151 K potential loss

Bunker Sources of Error – Volume to Mass Conversion formula: Actual volume > net volume > weight(vac) > weight(air) =(? )% calc error Volume-based Measurement Direct Mass Measurement BDN Manual Automated

Agenda l Bunker Sources of Error l Custody Transfer Challenges l Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work l Questions

Custody Transfer Processes l l Custody transfer is simply an agreement between two Parties: Buyer and Seller However, the Bunkering process is not so simple

Everyday Custody Transfer Examples Pipelines Truck Dispensing Well Head Truck/Ship Loading Retail Dispensing

Bunker Fuel Custody Transfer Bunkering custody transfer needs are the same as other industries l l l Make sure “I’m getting what I’m paying for” Eliminate idle/downtime due to refueling operation Reduce the number of billing discrepancies and arbitration claims Fuel Storage Terminal Barge l l l Repeatable, accurate measurement – globally accepted Reasonable capital costs to support operations Lifecycle cost considered for operational efficiency Operating Vessel

Bunker Fuel Custody Transfer Challenges l During Validation l – Volume to mass conversions – Temperature compensations – Stacked uncertainties of reference system – Product quality concerns Fuel Storage Terminal Barge Actual Operational Challenges – Inherent differences between tank measurements – Entrained gas (Air bubbles) – Product holdup in barge pipelines – Placement of meter for buyer’s confidence – Potential for backflow through meter Operating Vessel

Agenda l Bunker Sources of Error l Custody Transfer Challenges are not New to Emerson l l Coriolis Technology at Work Questions

Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work l Three phase test program in execution: – Phase 1: Load barge @ refinery via Micro Motion meter in both ideal and non-ideal conditions – Phase 2: Dispense bunker fuel into a vessel via the Micro Motion meter in both ideal and non-ideal conditions – Phase 3: Use a vessel installed meter to measure incoming fuel for both ideal and non ideal conditions.

Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work l l Micro Motion Coriolis test program is complete and successful Final data being prepared for discussion

Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work Micro Motion ELITE High Capacity Coriolis Meters Size : Flow Range HC 2 : 750 Tn HC 3 : 1275 Tn HC 4 : 2100 Tn

Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work l Sufficient data to MID certify: – Barge loading – Barge dispensing – Ship receiving l l Testing supports a 0. 5% bunker delivery accuracy Savings potential expected to be significant

THANK YOU !

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