a6ba8161b6e7ecd6fef7cf6ee628d1d5.ppt
- Количество слайдов: 20
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTION UNIT 6 Bryan Shenton 1
INTRODUCTION Ø Building technology has evolved over the centuries between simple structures, through to hi-tech, state of the art buildings. 2
TRADITIONAL TYPE OF MATERIALS Ø BRICKS & MORTAR Ø TIMBER Ø CONCRETE 3
MODERN MATERIALS USED Ø GLASS Ø PLASTICS Ø PREFABRICATED COMPONENTS 4
BUILDING USES Ø HOUSES & FLATS Ø TRADITIONALLY 1 OR 2 STOREY HIGH Ø BUILT FROM BRICK, STONE OR TIMBER Ø ALL HOMES BUILT TO BUILDING REGULATIONS Ø MONITORED BY BUILDING CONTROL February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West London 5
CRITERIA FOR HOUSE BUILDING Ø STRUCTUALLY SOUND Ø RESISTANT TO MOISTURE Ø THERMAL PERFORMANCE Ø LOAD BEARING Ø SOUND INSULATION Ø ASTHETICALLY PLEASING February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West London 6
WAREHOUSES & INDUSTRIAL UNITS Ø COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS Ø OPEN SPAN BUILDINGS Ø BUILT IN STEEL FRAMES Ø CLAD WITH ALLUMINIUM Ø ENCLOSED BOTH ECONOMICALLY AND SAFELY February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West London 7
RETAIL UNITS Ø SHOPS & COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS Ø LARGE OPEN SPAN Ø PORTAL FRAME Ø CAN BE ADAPTED FROM LARGER HOUSES 8
OFFICES Ø CAN BE LOW OR MULTI STOREY BUILDINGS Ø OPEN PLAN Ø SUB-DIVIDED INTO SMALLER WORKING AREAS Ø MUST INCORPORATE FIRE REGS. EG. FIRE EXITS, ALARMS, SPRINKLERS ETC. 9
FORMS OF CONSTRUCTION TIMBER FRAME Ø WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF PREFAB CONSTRUCTION? 10
TIMBER FRAME BUILDINGS Ø BEEN BUILT IN THE UK SINCE THE 1960’S Ø TIMBER PANELS BUILT IN THE WORKSHOP RATHER THAN IN SITU Ø DELIVERED TO SITE Ø EASY TO ASSEMBLE Ø PRODUCED TO QUALITY CONTROLLED STANDARDS & TOLERANCES 11
TIMBERFRAME COMPONENTS EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS; 1. VAPOUR BARRIER 2. INSULATION QUILT 3. S/S WALL TIE 4. INSULATION MEMBRANE 5. SHEATHING BOARD 12
TIMBER FRAME BUILDINGS CROSS SECTION February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West London 13
TIMBER FRAME CONSTRUCTION Ø TIMBER PANELS ( 100 X 50 MM ) ARE NAILED WITH PLYWOOD SHEETS TO GIVE ADDED STRENGTH Ø THESE PANELS ARE LOAD BEARING AS THEY SUPPORT THE STRUCTURE OF THE ROOF Ø TIMBER STRUCTURE IS ENCLOSED WITH EITHER BRICKWORK OR STONE. THIS IS ALSO KNOWN AS CLADDING 14
STEEL FRAME CONSTRUCTION Ø LIGHT STEEL FRAME BUILDINGS (SKELETAL) WERE DEVELOPED IN THE 1880’S FOR AMERICAN SKYSCRAPERS USED FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION IN THE EARLY 1920’S Ø STEEL BECAME RELATIVELY EXPENSIVE & NOT A VIABLE ALTERNATIVE FOR HOUSING 15
STEEL FRAME ADVANTAGES Ø FACTORY MADE Ø RELATIVELY EASY & QUICK TO ASSEMBLE Ø UNAFFECTED BY MOISTURE Ø POTENTIAL LONG ROOF SPANS Ø COMPOSITE DESIGN 16
DISADVANTAGES Ø DEFORMS AT HIGH TEMPERATURE Ø NEEDS TO BE FIRE COATED Ø ELECTRICTY CONDUCTOR- MUST BE EARTHED 17
CONCRETE FRAME BUILDINGS Ø THIS SYSTEM WAS FIRST DEVELOPED IN THE LATE 19 TH CENTURY BY WILLIAM E. WARD Ø THE FIRST CONCRETE FRAME SKYSCRAPER WAS THE INGALLS BUILDING, BUILT IN CINNCINATTI IN 1904 - 210 FT HIGH 18
CONCRETE FRAME FORMS OF CONSTRUCTION IN SITU- STEEL OR WOODEN FORMWORK IS REQUIRED TO CREATE THE COLUMNS AND BEAMS. CONCRETE IS THEN POURED AND THE SHUTTERING IS REMOVED ONCE THE CONCRETE HAS GAINED ENOUGH STRENGTH. Ø PRE-CAST- PANELS ARE DROPPED IN BY CRANE AND BOLTED TOGETHER TO FORM A RIGID STRUCTURE Ø 19
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF CONCRETE FRAME CONSTRUCTION ADVANTAGES- IN-BUILT FIRE PROTECTION Ø MOULDED INTO ANY SHAPE Ø HIGH STRENGTH IN COMPRESSION Ø DO NOT REQUIRE A SECONDARY FINISH Ø DISADVANTAGES-CRAINAGE REQUIRED Ø REQUIRES INITIAL SUPPORT Ø SKILLED WORKFORCE REQUIRED TO ASSEMBLE Ø 20
a6ba8161b6e7ecd6fef7cf6ee628d1d5.ppt