Building Integrated PV FP 5 ENERGIE Info Day / Enerbuild RTD Tony J. N. Schoen Ecofys, Utrecht
Contents Current Status Outlook European Research Issues
Background • EU RTD projects • EU demonstration projects • IEA PVPS Task 7
Market description • 3 main players: US, EU (Germany), Japan • 4 - 5 main market segments • 4 types of customers • 3 marketing concepts
Market segments Housing new / existing houses / apartment blocks PV building surfaces / PV kits Power stations ground based / rooftop systems / sound barriers Commercial buildings public buildings / office buildings large roofs / facades
Main customers Private building owners Housing associations Commercial building owners Public adminstration Utilities
Financial concepts Buying a subsidized PV system (-> buying a green or low / zero-energy house) Investing in a PV system (-> based on rate based incentives) (-> towards a contracting mix) Buying green energy (-> the utility invests)
PV cost reductions breakdown
PV electricity generation costs
Trends world-wide Japan • current world market leader (57 000 houses, 210 MWp installed PV capacity) • successful matching of PV and building industry (-> functional systems) • shift expected from internal to external market • limited attention for architectural BIPV
Trends world-wide (2) US • "catching up" • 1 000 Solar Roofs programme • National Energy Plan • added value of building integration and architecture less perceived (-> functional systems)
Trends world-wide (3) Europe • market segments vary from country to c. • historically: focus on BIPV • market leader in high-end BI PV modules • strong in BIPV systems development (AC modules, string inverters, connectors, rooftiles, . . . ) • moving from architectural to functional integration
Observations in EU countries • Germany 42 MWp installed in 2000, 20% large systems financing through rate based incentives • Switzerland 1996 - 2000: 4 MWp installed in solar stock exchanges • Netherlands 2000: 2 MWp installed 30 - 50% through green electricity 40% small plug and play systems (PV kits)
General observations 1) continuous market increase 2) shift from innovators to early adopters 3) shift from architecturally integrated to functional system 4) limited attention for optimized integration into the building energy system (building envelope, building energy system, building economics)
Outlook Assisted market expansion and transition is required Two main market directions perceived: 1) PV as part of a (green) energy portfolio 2) PV as part of a (green / low energy) building concept
Required RTD and market developments (1) For the green energy portfolio • • • Low cost PV systems Understanding of grid-interaction of large systems Installation and maintenance concepts and companies Standards and quality schemes Green energy labels
Required RTD and market developments (2) For the green / low-energy building concept • PV optimized for building integration and for the building energy system • Energy in Buildings’ directives suitable for PV • Clear grid interconnection & PV systems guidelines • Integration into the building industries' traditions and modus operandi • Reduced gaps between component industry and the market (reducing transaction costs)
Summary PV technology is available and accepted by the innovators Markets now need to transform to be able to reach new customers with reliable, wellperceived and affordable systems and concepts
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