BUILDING CONSTRUCTION II ECM 3154 WEEK 12 INTERNAL

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION II ECM 3154 WEEK 12 INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION AND FINISHES – FLOOR FINISHES Power. Point® Slides by Zamzarina Bt Md. Judyar Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 1

CHAPTER OVERVIEW • Last Updated: This chapter brings the student through the internal construction and finishes for floor. © LMS SEGi education group 2

LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Last Updated: Exposes the students to the types and construction methods of floors finishes. To show students the drawing plans of floor finishes. © LMS SEGi education group 3

LEARNING OUTCOMES • Last Updated: At the end of the class, students should be aware of the code requirements for various interior floors and be able to select the appropriate designs and materials for interior floors. Students should also be able to know the installation methods of the various types of finished floors. © LMS SEGi education group 4

• Last Updated: FLOOR FINISHES © LMS SEGi education group 5

INTRODUCTION • Last Updated: The type of floor finish to be applied to a floor will depend upon a number of factors such as: • Types of base • Room usage • Degree of comfort required • Maintenance problems • Cost • Appearance • Safety • Individual inference © LMS SEGi education group 6

TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES • Last Updated: Floor finishes can be considered under three main headings: • In-situ floor finishes – those finishes that are mixed on site, laid in a fluid state, allowed to dry, and set to form a hard jointless surface • Applied floor finishes – those finishes that are supplied in tile or sheet form and are laid onto a suitably prepared base • Timber floor finishes – boards, sheets and blocks of timber laid on or attached to a suitable structural frame or base. © LMS SEGi education group 7

IN-SITU FLOOR FINISHES – MASTIC ASPHALT • i. Mastic asphalt – BS 6925 and BS 8204 -5 • • • Last Updated: Asphalt is used as matrix or cement to a suitable graded mineral aggregate to form mastic asphalt as a material suitable for floor finishing. When laid, mastic asphalt is impervious to water and is ideal for situations such as sculleries, wash rooms and balconies. Flooring mastic asphalts are manufactured to achieve performance characteristics from light domestic use through to heavy industrial duty and can be a self finished flooring or an underlay for tiles, carpeting, etc. © LMS SEGi education group 8

IN-SITU FLOOR FINISHES – MASTIC ASPHALT (CONT’D) • • • Last Updated: A mastic asphalt floor provides a hard wearing, durable surface which will resist the passage of dampness and which can be brought into service as soon as it has cooled to ambient temperature. The finish to mastic asphalt flooring is normally laid with a matt or natural float finish. It also forms a very good surface on which to apply thin tile and sheet finishes (for example, PVC) and will at same time fulfill the function of a damp-proof membrane or waterproof decking. © LMS SEGi education group 9

IN-SITU FLOOR FINISHES- MASTIC ASPHALT • mjasphalt. co. uk Mastic Asphalt lading in progress Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 10

IN-SITU FLOOR FINISHES – MASTIC ASPHALT (CONT’D) • • Last Updated: Mastics asphalt is a thermoplastic material and has to be melted before it can be applied to form a jointless floor finish. Hot mastic asphalt is applied by means of a float at a temperature of between 180 and 210 °C in a single 13 mm coat as a base for applied finishes or in a 16 mm single coat for self-finish. © LMS SEGi education group 11

IN-SITU FLOOR FINISHES – PITCH MASTIC (CONT’D) • • • Last Updated: ii. Pitch Mastic Pitch mastic is a similar materials to mastic asphalt but is produced from a mixture of calcareous or siliceous aggregates bonded with coal tar pitch. It is laid to a similar thickness and in a similar manner to mastic asphalt with a polished or matt finish. © LMS SEGi education group 12

IN-SITU FLOOR FINISHES – PITCH MASTIC (CONT’D) pitchmasticpmb. co. uk The Pitch Mastic system can be used to protect car park wearing surfaces either as a combined wearing surface or when overlaid with asphalt. Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 13

IN-SITU FLOOR FINISHES – GRANOLITHIC (CONT’D) • Last Updated: iii. Granolithic • This is a mixture of Portland cement and granite chippings, which can be applied to a “green” concrete subfloor or to a cured concrete subfloor. • Green concrete is a term used to describe newly laid concrete that is not more than 3 hours old. • A typical mix for granolithic is 1 part cement: 2 parts granite chippings by volume. • The finish obtained is very hard wearing, noisy and cold to touch, it is used mainly in situations where easy maintenance and durability are paramount, such as common entrance hall to a block of flats. © LMS SEGi education group 14

Granolithic qskiru. blogspot. com putneyandsons. co. uk Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 15

IN-SITU FLOOR FINISHES – MAGNESIUM OXYCLORIDE (CONT’D) • • Last Updated: iv. Magnesium Oxycloride This is a composition flooring that is sometimes used as a substitute for asphalt, as it has similar wearing and appearance properties. It is mixed on site using a solution of magnesium chloride with burned magnesite and fillers such as wood, flour, sawdust, powdered chalk or limetsone. The mixed material is laid in one or two layers, giving total thickness of approximately 20 mm © LMS SEGi education group 16

MAGNESIUM OXYCLORIDE chemfloor. com Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 17

APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES • Last Updated: i. Flexible PVC tiles and sheet – BS EN 649 and BS 8203 • Flexible PVC is a popular hardwearing floor finish produced by a mixture of polyvinyl chloride resin, pigments, mineral fillers and plasticisers to control flexibility. • It is produced as 300 mm x 300 mm square tiles or in sheet form up to 2400 mm wide with a range of thicknesses from 1. 5 to 4. 5 mm. © LMS SEGi education group 18

PVC Floor Tiles aokrubber. com Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 19

APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES (CONT’D) • Last Updated: ii. Thermoplastic Tiles • These are sometimes called asphalt tiles and are produced from coumaroneindene resins, fillers and pigments. • These tiles are hardwearing and moisture resistant, and are suitable for most situations, being produced generally as 225 mm square tile either 3 or 4. 5 mm thick. © LMS SEGi education group 20

THERMOPLASTIC TILES hse. gov. uk teksupply. com Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 21

APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES (CONT’D) • Last Updated: iii. Rubber Tiles and Sheet – BS 1711 and BS 3187 • Solid rubber tiles and sheet are produced from natural or synthetic rubber compounded with fillers to give colour and texture, the rubber content being not less than 35%. • The covering is hardwearing, quiete and water resistant, and suitable for bathrooms and washrooms. • Thicknesses range from 3 to 6. 5 mm with square tiles sizes ranging from 150 to 1200 mm; sheet witdhs range from 900 to 1800 mm. © LMS SEGi education group 22

RUBBER TILES AND SHEET Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 23

APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES (CONT’D) • Last Updated: iv. Linoleum – BS EN 12104 • Linoleum is produced in sheet or tile form a mixture of drying oil, resins, fillers and pigments, which is pressed onto a hessian or bitumen-saturated felt paper backing. • Linoleum gives quite, resilient and hardwearing surface suitable for most domestic floors. • Thickness vary from 2 to 6. 5 mm for a standard sheet width of 1800 mm. © LMS SEGi education group 24

LINOLEUM advancedbuildings. org bamboofloorings. org Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 25

APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES (CONT’D) • Last Updated: v. Carpet – BS 4223, BS 5808 and BS 5325 • The chief materials used in the production of carpets are nylon, acrylics and wool, or mixtures of these materials. • There is a vast range of styles, types, patterns, colours, qualities and sizes available for general domestic use in dry situations, as the resistance of carpets to dampness is generally poor. • To obtain maximum life carpets should laid over an underlay of felt or latex and secured by adhesives, nailing around the perimeter or being stretched over and attached to special edge-fixing strips. © LMS SEGi education group 26

CARPET chicagocarpet. org trendir. com ileadcarpets. co. za Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 27

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION: CARPET Timber Skirting Wall Carpet Underlay Screeded Bed Wall Floor Slab Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 28

APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES (CONT’D) • Last Updated: vi. Cork Tiles and Carpet – BS EN 12104 • Cork tiles are cut from baked blocks of granulated cock; the natural resins act as the binder. • The tiles are generally 300 mm square with thicknesses of 5 mm upwards according to the wearing quality required, and are supplied in the three natural shades. • Cork carpet is a similar material, but it is made pliable by bonding the cork granules with linseed oil and resins onto a jute canvas backing. © LMS SEGi education group 29

CORK TILES homerepair. about. com Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 30

APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES (CONT’D) • • Last Updated: vii. Quarry tiles – BS 6431 • The term ‘quarry’ is derived from the Italian word quadro meaning square; it does not mean that the tiles are cut or won from an open excavation or quarry. • They are made from ordinary or unrefined clays works into a plastic form, pressed into shape, and hard burnt. • Being hardwearing and good resistance to water they are suitable for kitchens and entrance halls, but they tend to be noisy and cold © LMS SEGi education group 31

QUARRY TILES bathroomfloortileideas. net Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 32

TYPICAL QUARRY TILE FLOORS Pg. 388, Construction Technology, Roy Chudley Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 33

APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES (CONT’D) • Last Updated: viii. Plain clay or ceramic floor tiles – BS 6431 • These are similar to quarry tiles but are produced from refined natural clays, which are pressed after grinding and tempering into the desired shape before being fired at a high temperature. • Plain clay floor tiles, being denser than quarry tiles, are made as smaller and thinner units ranging from 50 mm x 50 mm to 300 mm x 300 mm in thicknesses of 9. 5 -13 mm. © LMS SEGi education group 34

PLAIN CLAY OR CERAMIC FLOOR TILES tileswithstyle. com Last Updated: tiles-r-us. com © LMS SEGi education group 35

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION: TILING WORKS Screed backing Skirting 150 mm high Wall Floor Finishes Screeded bed Wall Floor Slab Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 36

TIMBER FLOOR FINISHES • Last Updated: Introduction • Timber is a very popular floor finish with both designer and user because of its natural appearance, resilience and warmth. • It is available as a board, strip, sheet or block finish, and if attached to joists, as in the case of a suspended timber floor, it also acts as the structural decking. © LMS SEGi education group 37

TIMBER FLOOR FINISHES • Last Updated: i. Timber boards • Softwood timber floorboards are joined together by tongued and grooved joints along their edges, and are fixed by nailing to the support joists or fillets attached to a solid floors. • The boards are butt-jointed in their length, the joints being positioned centrally over the supports and staggered so that butt joints do not occur in the same position in consecutive lengths. © LMS SEGi education group 38

TIMBER BOARD infolink. com. au Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 39

TIMBER FLOOR FINISHES • Last Updated: ii. Timber Strip • These are narrow boards, being under 100 mm wide to reduce the amount of shrinkage and consequent opening of the joints. • Timber strip can be supplied in softwood or hardwood. • Is considered to be a superior floor finish to boards. • Jointing and laying is as described for boards, except that hardwood strip is very often laid one strip at a time and secret nailed. © LMS SEGi education group 40

TIMBER STRIP myfloor. com. au maicador. com borthwickfloors. com. au Last Updated: © LMS

TIMBER FLOOR FINISHES • • Last Updated: iii. Timber Sheet Floor Finish- BS EN 312 • Chipboard is manufactured from wood chips or shavings bonded together with thermosetting synthetic resins, and form rigid sheets 18 and 22 mm, which are suitable as floor finish. iv. Wood Blocks • These are small blocks of timber, usually of hardwood, which are designed to be laid in set pattern. © LMS SEGi education group 42

TIMBER SHEET FLOOR FINISH CHIPBOARD ibtmerchants. co. uk rembrand. co Last Updated: © LMS

WOOD BLOCKS • power-international. us Last Updated: douglasfirfloors. com © LMS SEGi education group

TIMBER FLOOR FINISHES • • Last Updated: v. Parquet • This is superior form of wood block flooring made from specially selected hardwoods chosen mainly for their decorative appearance. vi. Wood veneer and laminate • These finishes are achieved with a tongued and grooved interlocking composite strip floor finish system, © LMS SEGi education group 45

PARQUET lassco. uk simplyfloorsanding. co. uk Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 46

WOOD VENEER AND LAMINATE mdwoodfloors. com Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group home-dzine.

Typical Timber Floor Finishes Pg. 390, Construction Technology, Roy Chudley Last Updated: © LMS

QUIZZES 1. Last Updated: Identify any Five floor finishes. ……………………………………………………………… ……………… © LMS SEGi

KEY TERMS 1. Abutment of boards Definition A structure supporting the end of a span of boards 2. Expanded polystyrene Definition Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a rigid and tough, closed-cell foam. It is usually white and made of pre-expanded polystyrene beads 3. Stiff brush Definition The brush that firm and difficult to bend or move Last Updated: 2/8/2018 © LMS SEGi education group 50

REFERENCES • • Last Updated: Chudley, R. , & Greeno, R. , 2005. Construction Technology, 4 th ed. England: Pearson. Chudley, R. , & Greeno, R. , 2001. Advanced Construction. Technology, 3 rd ed. England: Longman. Spence, W. , D. , 2006. Construction Materials, Methods, and Techniques, 2 nd ed. US: Delmar. mjasphalt. co. uk retrieved 22 nd August 2011 the-colonies. com retrieved 22 nd August 201 myproperties. wordpress. com retrieved 22 nd August 2011 home-dzine. co. za retrieved 22 nd August 2011 ehow. co. uk retrieved 22 nd August 2011 © LMS SEGi education group 51

REFERENCES • ceilings-lincolnshire. co. uk retrieved 22 nd August 2011 • chicagocarpet. org retrieved 22 nd August 2011 Last Updated: © LMS SEGi education group 52