BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESS ENGINEERING GLOBAL WARMING PROS AND CONS Dr. Bajnóczy Gábor Tonkó Csilla
The pictures and drawings of this presentation can be used only for education ! Any commercial use is prohibited !
Global warming: fact, no doubt end of summer 2002 August , 1984 Mt. Hood Oregon
THE FACT OF GLOBAL WARMING CAN NOT BE QUESTIONED 1941 2004 Bruce Molnia, Glacier Bay National Park, 2004, U. S. Geological Survey USA
GLOBAL WARMING: FACT, NO DOUBT What is the reason? BECAUSE OF THE PEOLE (LET’S SHAME US)! UNCONTROLLABLE PROCESS?
Global warming, greenhouse effect heat hő visible látható light fény CO 2 C O 2 Energia energy elnyelés dissipation
Drastic increase in carbon dioxide concentration since the industrial revolution
Greenhouse gases: not only carbon dioxide Methane organic matter decomposition (paddy field, landfill) Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) biomass burning, fluidized boiler, catalytic cars, nitrogen fertilizer Chlor-fluor-carbon gases refrigerators, solvents, blowing
GREENHOUSE EFFECT ALWAYS WAS AND ALWAYS WILL BE; CAUSE: WATER VAPOR http: //www. geocraft. com/WVFossils/Table. Of. Cont. html They do not beleve in the role of carbon-dioxide.
Water vapor and greenhouse effect Evaporation increases, Greenhouse Effect intensifies Earth’s average temperature increseas Evaporation increases, amount of cloud increases, irradiation decreases, Earth’ average temperature decreases
PERIODICALLY CHANGING CLIMATE ? GLOBAL WARMING Everything is based on something! Yes, this may cause the warming This is true, but don’t cause such a rapid warming
POSSIBLE CAUSES OF PERIODICALLY CLIMATE CHANGE 1. Periodically change of solar flares (period of time: 11 and 206 years) 2. Change of Earth’s elliptical orbit around the Sun (period of time: 100 000 years) irradiation change - about 0, 2%
POSSIBLE CAUSES OF PERIODICALLY CLIMATE CHANGE 3. Angle of Earth’s Axis change (period of time: 41 000 years) 4. Change of day and night equal date (period of time: 22 00 years) irradiation change – about 15% During an equinox, the Earth is not tilted toward or away from the Sun and the length of the day is the same at all points on the Earth's surface.
Air pollutant: heating and cooling effect Particle pollution ↓ global cooling? 25% of atmospheric particle are anthropogenic
There warmer periods!
CO 2 average temperature
Better safe than sorry !
Can we do something against global warming? European Union is committed USA: no commercial interest Developing countries (China, India, etc. ): It’s not the biggest problem
Renewable energy against the global warming NO CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION n n n n Water energy Solar energy Wind energy Geothermal energy Biomass Tidal energy (Lunar energy) Wave energy Let‘s see the possibilities in Hungary ?
Water energy It is a real hydroelectric plant
Hydroelectric plants in Hungary Tiszalök 11, 4 MW Electric power plants in Hungary Kisköre ~ 9400 MW No level differences on flat area ! 28 MW
Solar energy IT IS SAID, IT IS FREE, LET US USE IT. Low energy density: 1 k. W/m 2 What is the situation in Hungary? Incoming: july 5 k. Wh/m 2 day Available: july 2, 8 k. Wh/m 2 day jan. 1, 5 k. Wh/m 2 day jan. 1, 1 k. Wh/m 2 day DOMESTIC HOT WATER SUPPLY (FAMILY HOUSE) 200 dm 3 60°C water/day claims: 14 k. Wh/day Collector surface: ≈ 12 – 15 m 2 DOMESTIC HEATING (100 m 2 FAMILY HOUSE) Average heat output (6 winter moth): 1, 4 k. Wh/m 2. It' average is far from the peak !! claims: 1400 m 2 Collector surface: ≈ 140 - 180 m 2 Domestic hot water: YES Heating: Not enough
Solar power plant 464 000 m 2 collector area 80 MW
Wind energy Well known from ancient time
Wind energy Wind farms on land off shore 1 MW wind turbine: height : 45 meter, rotor diameter : 55 meter Europe’s wind turbine output: ≈ 40 000 MW Problem: the storage of electric energy. If there is no wind, a conventional fast response power plant capacity must be available.
Geothermal energy
Geothermal energy n Hungary’s potential in geothermal energy is quite remarkable n Problem: thermal waste n The currently used methods for the discharge of utilized thermal water involves: direct discharge into sub-surface water sources (reinjection), discharge into periodical water courses and discharge into receiving waters directly or indirectly (through drainage). n Only about 20 are injection wells, although recent legislation prohibits new geothermal systems from being established without injection; only waters used for balneotherapy are allowed to be discharged at the surface.
Energy from biomass Realistic in Hungary ? Different sources Wood Used for hundreds of years. Forest area is not too much in Hungary. forest chips pellet
Energy from biomass energy plants instead of wood Szarvas energy grass Energy willow 35 km 2 whole area of Hungary Energy poplar 1 and 3 years old 1 MW 2657 MW
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