Brush Strokes From Image Grammar Harry R. Noden
Painting with Participles • Participles = verbs with ing • They are used as adjectives. • They come at the beginnings or endings of sentences, separated by commas. • Sentence: The diamond-scaled snakes attacked their prey (4). • Participle Example: Hissing, slithering, and coiling, the diamond-scaled snakes attacked their prey (4). • Participles can also be in phrases. • Example: Hissing their red forked tongues and coiling their cold bodies, the diamond-scaled snakes attacked their prey (4).
Painting with Absolutes • Absolute = Noun + Participle • One or two absolutes in a sentence are good, three might overload. • A comma – the telescopic lens – zooms in on the absolute, giving it emphasis. • Example: The mountain climber edged along the cliff (Noden 6). • Absolute: Hands shaking, feet trembling, the mountain climber edged along the cliff (6). -The absolute may also come at the end of the sentence. • Absolute Phrase: Feet trembling on the snow-covered rocks, the mountain climber edged along the cliff (6). • Group starter: The rhapis palm sat in the large, white container (6). Add one or two absolutes.
Noden’s Suggested Answer • The rhapis palm sat in the large, white container, the branches stretching into the air, fibrous joints knuckling the otherwise smooth surface (6).
Painting with Adjectives Out of Order • Used more by authors of fiction • Not all adjectives have to precede a noun. • This would work well if you had a string of three adjectives. Move a couple adjectives after the noun for emphasis. • Sentence: The large, red-eyed, angry bull charged the intruder (Noden 9). • Enhanced: The large bull, red-eyed angry, charged the intruder (9). • Group sentence: The woman smiled upon her newborn greatgrandson with pride(9).
Noden’s Suggested Answer • The woman, old and wrinkled, smiled upon her newborn great-grandson with pride (9).
Painting with Appositives • Appositive=a noun that adds a second image to a preceding noun • Appositive Phrase=noun with modifiers • Sentence: The raccoon enjoys eating turtle eggs (Noden 8). • Appostive: The raccoon, a scavenger, enjoys eating turtle eggs (8). • Apppositive Phrase: The raccoon, a midnight scavenger who roams lake shorelines in search of food, enjoys eating turtle eggs (8).
Painting with Action Verbs • Eliminate being verbs and passive voice. -Being verbs slow down the action. -Passive voice weakens images. • Example Passive Voice: The runaway horse was ridden into town by an old, white-whiskered rancher (Noden 10). • Active Voice: The white-whiskered rancher rode the runaway horse into town. • Example Being Verb: The gravel road was on the left side of the barn. • Removed Being Verb: The gravel road curled around the left side of the barn (10). • Group Sentence: The grocery store was robbed by two armed men (10).
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