BRAZILIAN FEDERAL AGENCY FOR SUPPORT AND EVALUATION OF GRADUATE EDUCATION July 2009
IANAS Science Funding Landscape Workshop Guatemala City, July 26, 2009 Plenary Session 3: Funding Science in the Americas: The Case of Brazil Jorge A. Guimarães, President of CAPES jguimaraes@capes. gov. br
A SHORT BRAZILIAN HISTORY ü Portuguese sailors landed in April, 1500 ü Thanks to Napoleonic wars, Portuguese court fled to Brazil in 1808 ü Rio de Janeiro: capital city of Portuguese Kingdom ü 1817: Pedro I, Heir to the throne, married Princess Leopoldina Habsburg-Lorena
BRAZILIAN HISTORY ü She was the 6 th daughter of Francis II of Germany (also Francis I of Austria) ü Colony of Portugal until 1822 ü Independence Act signed by : Princess Leopoldina, first Empress of Brazil ü Pedro II was Emperor from 1840 to 1889 ü Brazil became a Republic in 1889
BRAZIL as a Colony ü Natural resources exploitation: Brazil wood, sugar cane, gold and precious stones, coffee ü First cultural and scientific institutions: 1808 ü First printing of books: 1831 ü First school of engineering: 1876 ü First University (USP): 1934
Some Brazilian People: Racial Melting pot ü Native indians very primitive ü Extensive miscigenation with Portuguese ü African slaves: sugar cane and coffee üAlso extensive intermarriages with slaves
Organized migrations… Fonte: RIBEIRO, D. O Povo Brasileiro: a formação e o sentido do Brasil. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1995.
Some Weaknesses ü Large inequalities (economic, social, educational) ü Poor child education in science ü Low innovation in many industrial sectors
Some Education Indicators…
Higher Education Institutions Brazil: 2, 281 Institutions 249 Public (11%): 106 Federal 82 State (Länder) 61 County (Statt) 2, 032 Private (89%): 1, 594 Profit oriented 438 Phylantropic
Higher Education Teachers and Professors Brazil: 317, 041 108, 828 Public (34%): 59, 156 Federal 41, 709 State (Länder) 7, 963 County (Statt) 208, 213 Private (66%): 127, 410 Profit oriented 80, 803 Phylantropic
Higher Education: Students Brazil: 4, 880, 381 (2. 6% of Population) 1, 240, 968 Public (25%): 615, 542 Federal 482, 814 State (Länder) 142, 612 County (Statt) 3, 639, 413 Private (75%): 2, 257, 321 Profit 1, 382, 092 Phylantropic
Brazilian System for Support of S&T&I, and Development of Human Resources Federal Government MCT CNPQ 1951 State Governments MEC CAPES 1951 State of São Paulo 23 other States FAPESP 1962 FAPES 1989 -92 Fellowships for Post-Graduate Students FINEP 1967 Funding Individual Research Projects Funding Institutional Research Projects Fellowships for Senior and Young Investigators Numbers indicate year of foundation of agencies. Source: J. A. Guimarães, M. C. Human: (1995) Human Resources in S&T in Brazil Scientometrics 34: 101 -119 MCT: Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia, MEC; Ministério da Educação, CNPq: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico, CAPES: Fundação Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, FINEP: Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, FAPESP: Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo e FAPES: Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa demais Estados.
Brazilian Model for S&T&I Development VIRTUOS CICLE OF BRAZILIAN SCIENCE Ø INITIATION IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Ø STRONG POST-GRADUATION PROGRAM Ø FORMATION OF RESEARCH GROUPS Ø INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Ø FULL ACCESS TO INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE (VIRTUAL LIBRARY) EVERY COMPONENT OF THE CYCLE IS FINANCED
BRAZILIAN FEDERAL AGENCY FOR SUPPORT AND EVALUATION OF GRADUATE EDUCATION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
CAPES ü Instituted in 1951 ü Federal Agency – Minister of Education ü Main objectives: support human resources development for higher education • 2009 scholarships: - 49, 000 Masters and Ph. D. degree scholarships in Brazil - 4, 251 fellowships abroad
MAIN GOALS: • Devise policies to improve the graduate system and create priorities • Evaluate and Accredit all Brazilian graduate courses • support development of higher education and science and technology research. • Support academic qualification of professors and teachers for basic education (new mission) 17
ACTIONS…. And Financing • Financial support to Graduate Programs in Brazil (institutional and individual grants and scholarships ) • Provide access to scientific information (Virtual Library) • Promote international cooperation (international agreements)
Enrolled Students: 1987 -2008 Source: Capes/MEC. Coleta 2008.
Masters and Ph. D. Degrees Awarded: 1987 -2008 Source: Capes/MEC. Coleta 2008.
National System for Graduate Studies 2009 Ø 2. 738 Programs* responsable for: Ø 4. 112 Courses*: - 2. 454 masters (59, 4%), - 1. 415 Ph. D. (34, 4%), - 252 professional masters (6, 2%); Ø 44. 055 Teaching** *Source: Courses recommended and recognized. Disponível em: http: //www. capes. gov. br/cursos-recomendados. Date of update : 04/07/2009. . ** Source : Coleta 2008. *** Source : Cadastro Discente. Date of update: 11 /05/ 2009.
National System for Graduate Studies Ø 60, 000 New Students Enrolled per year Ø Year 2009: 160, 000 Registered Students: - Two third Master and Professional Master - One third Ph. D. 49, 081 scholarships: - 31, 528 Master Students - 17, 553 Ph. D. Students Source : Coleta 2008. Source : Cadastro Discente. Date of update: 11 /05/ 2009.
Distribution of Programs by Areas - 2009 Source: Courses recommended and recognized. Disponível em: http: //www. capes. gov. br/cursos-recomendados. Date of update : 04/05/2009
Regional Distribution of the Courses for Level 2009 Source: Courses recommended and recognized. Disponível em: http: //www. capes. gov. br/cursos-recomendados. Date of update : 04/05/2009
VIRTUAL LIBRARY PORTAL DE PERIÓDICOS CAPES
• Portal • Established in 2000 • Online access to full text of 13, 000 most qualified international scientific journals and to 126 international data banks • High cappilarity: free access trough any terminal connected to the Internet (268 authorized institutions ) • Objective: Reduction of regional disparities
Journal Titles – 2000 -2008
Portal Contents § 13, 015 periodical titles § 126 referential data bases available Public 268 Higher Education Institutions. Use: 2008 § 21 million full texts downloaded/year § 39 million referential base accesses/year § More than 166, 000 accesses and downloads per day §
Collection Profile June 08
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION GOALS • • • Avoid in-breeding Facilitate access to the international scientific community Improve the visibility of Brazilian research groups abroad Establish new research partnerships Promote academic mobility
International Cooperation Programs üScholarships abroad (individual fellowships) üBi-National Doctoral Colleges ü Joint research projects and University Partnerships ü Visiting Professorships ü Outstanding Visiting Professorships ü General International Cooperation Program
JOINT RESEARCH PROJECTS AND PARTNERSHIPS UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIPS (2008) Source: CAPES/MEC
JOINT RESEARCH PROJECTS 2008 COUNTRY PROGRAM NUMBER OF PROJECTS Germany PROBRAL 79 Argentine MINCYT Cuba MES Spain DGU USA CAPES / UNIV. TEXAS France COFECUB Portugal GRICES Netherlands Univ. Wageningen Uruguai Universidad de la República TOTAL Source: CAPES/MEC 108 52 75 20 124 72 18 11 559
JOINT RESEARCH PROJECTS 2008 Source: CAPES/MEC
CAPES / FINEP / DFG BRAZILIAN - GERMAN COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH INITIATIVE ON MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY - BRAGECRIM – Main motivation: “ Strategic State of the Art Research on Production Technology”
BRAGECRIM - Manufacture Technology: Essential to competiveness and sustainable development Objectives: ü Short term: product life cycle ü Medium term: Productive chain x sustainable development üLong term: “World Class Production”
BRAGECRIM (CAPES, FINEP, DFG) 21 Universities: 10 in Brazil, 11 in Germany 30 Research Institutes, including Fraunhofer
Scholarships abroad - 2008 4, 251 scholarships in several countries: • Ph. D. courses • “Sandwich” or Split Ph. D. • Post-doctoral fellowships • Undergraduate “Sandwich” • Others
Scholarships abroad - 1996 to 2008 Fonte: Capes/MEC
Scholarships abroad-2008
Scholarships awarded - 2008 Source: CAPES/MEC
Visiting Professorships Foreign or Brazilian Professors with permanent positions abroad 4 months up to 2 years Research and teaching Tax free allowance: US$ 40, 000. 00 to US$ 60, 000. 00 per year
Outstanding Visiting Professorships Distinguished Foreign Professors (Nobel Prizes, Field Medal, etc. ) Generous allowance Short credit courses and conferences for graduate students Include virtual (on-line, via Internet conferences)
General International Cooperation Program ü Open for proposals any time ü Brazilian Graduate Program (levels 5+) ü Qualified counterpart in any country ü Simmetries of funding and mobilities of graduate students (undergraduate in selected areas)
PEC-G: Scholarships for Latin America Students - 2008 Total Number of PEC-G scholarships among Latin American in 2008: 132 Source: MRE
PEC-G: Scholarships among Latin America countries - 2009 Total Number of PEC-G scholarships among Latin American in 2009: 143 Source: MRE
PEC-PG: Scholarships for Latin American´s Master and Ph. D. Students - 2008 Total Number of PEC-PG scholarships in 2008: 66 Source: Capes e CNPq
PEC-PG: Scholarships for Latin American´s Master and Ph. D. Students - 2009 Total Number of PEC-PG scholarships in 2009: 101 Source: Capes e CNPq
CAPES BUDGET
BUDGET 2001 – 2009 (US$ Million) Source: Capes/MEC
BUDGET (US$ Million)* 2005/2009 ( Types of Investment 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 225. 97 275. 49 332. 16 411. 60 467. 18 SUPPORT TO GRADUATE COURSES 12. 71 13. 48 20. 80 50. 03 51. 38 ACCESS TO SCIENTIFIC JOURNALSPORTAL 23. 79 36. 03 44. 69 41. 18 37. 61 GRADUATE COURSES ASSESSMENT 2. 61 2. 69 2. 92 3. 81 7. 02 SCHOLARSHIPS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION AND SUPPORT 0. 00 130. 03 295. 26 ADMINISTRATION 4. 24 5. 93 8. 00 13. 40 12. 77 OTHERS 6. 50 7. 89 9. 95 13. 47 18. 84 275. 82 341. 53 418. 51 663. 50 890. 06 SCHOLARSHIPS IN BRAZIL AND ABROAD TOTAL (US$ Million)* *Exchange rates: 2005: R$2. 43 2008: R$1. 83 2006: R$2. 17 2009: R$2. 30 (january and february average) 2007: R$1. 94 Source: CAPES/MEC
CAPES EVALUATION OF GRADUATE COURSES A TWO STEPS SYSTEM: 1 - EVALUATION OF NEW PROPOSALS 2 - CONTINUED EVALUATION OF APPROVED COURSES
National System of Graduate Studies December, 2008 4, 111 Programs: 2, 696 MSc Courses 253 Professional Master 1, 415 Ph. D. Courses ~160, 000 total enrollment (2009)
National System for Graduate Studies - 2009 Ø 2. 738 Programs* responsable for: Ø 4. 111 Courses*: - 2, 696 masters (59, 4%), - 1. 415 Ph. D. (34, 4%), - 253 professional masters (6, 2%); Ø 44. 055 Teaching and advisors Ø 160, 000 Students (2009); - 2/3 master and professional master, - 1/3 Ph. D. Degree; Ø 49. 081 Capes scholarships; - 31, 528 master and professional master, - 17, 553 Ph. D. *Source: Courses recommended and recognized. Disponível em: http: //www. capes. gov. br/cursos-recomendados. Date of update : 04/05/2009. . ** Source : Coleta 2008. *** Source : Cadastro Discente. Date of update: 11 /05/ 2009.
Evaluation of Graduate Courses • Monitored yearly; Daily for individual information • Evaluated every third year 2007 EVALUATION (2004 -2006): • 47 committees • 800 peer reviewing members • Grades 1 and 2: de-accreditation • Grades 6&7: international standards
1 2 Capes Evaluation System: Software Package 1 – Coleta: Data gathering from graduate programs and transmission to Capes data base (user: graduate programs) 2 – Qualis: Classification of publication media (user: reviewers) 3 4 June 08 3 – Criteria/Reports: Define evaluation criteria for each area and provide reports for analysis (user: reviewing committee) 4 – Check: Allows data base check and the generation of the evaluation report (user: reviewing committee)
Classification of Journals by reviwer Committes: JCR X Median Impact Factor [Last Evaluation (2007); JCR 2005] I bio sau III II odont III fis farm s. col II ext I geoc II quim eng ecol I III IV mat comp
Evaluation Scale The courses are evaluated according to the following scale: 1 and 2 disapprove the program; 3 means a regular performance, meeting the minimum demanded; 4 is considered a good performance 5 is the maximum grade to the program with Master's only; 6 and 7 indicate an international high standard performance. June 08
Nº of Programs Grades 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Absolute numbers % 3 36 682 788 510 155 82 2, 256 Total 0. 1 1. 6 30. 2 34. 9 22. 6 6. 9 3. 6 100. 0 900 % 40 788 800 34. 9 35 682 700 30. 2 30 600 25 510 22. 6 % 500 20 400 15 300 200 82 100 0 3 36 2 3 4 Grades CAPES/MEC 5 6 7 6. 9 5 0 1 Source: 10 155 0. 1 1 3. 6 1. 6 2 3 4 Grades 5 6 7
Information on Graduate Studies Evaluation The results are public (approved courses and programs, grades, reports) All data is available at WEB: www. capes. gov. br June 08
Evaluation Legal Effect Only diplomas and courses approved by the evaluation process have NATIONAL APPROVAL June 08
Brazilian Post-Graduation: The inseparable components
National System of Graduate Studies RESULTS
Scientific Production: Brazil and World 1981 -2008 Source: SCOPUS. http: //www. scopus. com/search/form. url.
Scientific Production: Brazil and World 1981 -2007 Source: ISI - Institute for Scientific Information. National Science Indicators, USA. Base Standard - ESI (2007).
Scientific Production 2008: Rank of Countries Bases: NSI-ISI and SCOPUS-Elsevier Fonte: SCOPUS. Disponível em: http: //www. scopus. com/search/form. url. Acesso em: 7 jul. de 2009.
World Scientific Production: Select Country's (Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Finland, Israel, Norway, Poland, Scotland) Source: ISI - Institute for Scientific Information. National Science Indicators, USA. Data Base Standard - ESI (2007).
ISI Journal Publications Brazil x England (1981 - 2007) Fonte: ISI - Institute for Scientific Information. National Science Indicators, USA. Base Standard - ESI (2007).
Evolution of Scientific Production: Brazil and France Fonte: ISI - Institute for Scientific Information. National Science Indicators, USA. Base Standard - ESI (2007).
ISI Journal Publications Brazil x Germany (1981 a 2007) Fonte: ISI - Institute for Scientific Information. National Science Indicators, USA. Base Standard - ESI (2007).
ISI Journal Publications Brazil x Canada (1981 - 2007) Fonte: ISI - Institute for Scientific Information. National Science Indicators, USA. Base Standard - ESI (2007).
Evolution of World Scientific Production: BRAZIL and USA Fonte: ISI - Institute for Scientific Information. National Science Indicators, USA. Base Standard - ESI (2007).
BRAZIL: Scientific Production Seven Most Productive Areas Source: ISI - Institute for Scientific Information. National Science Indicators, USA. Base Standard - ESI (2007)
Brazilian Science in World Rank (2003 -2007) Fields in the Highest Positions Source: ISI - Institute for Scientific Information. National Science Indicators, USA. Base Deluxe - SCI (2007).
Ranking of Scientific Production in the most productive Countries in Engineering : 2003 - 2007 Countries Articles World % Impact Factor Ranking Impact Ranking USA 96. 316 25. 97% 1 2. 4 6 China 36. 356 9. 80% 2 1. 6 25 Japan 32. 289 8. 71% 3 1. 6 22 England 23. 374 6. 30% 4 2. 0 16 Germany 21. 736 5. 86% 5 2. 4 7 France 19. 092 5. 15% 6 2. 2 13 Canada 17. 775 4. 79% 7 1. 9 18 Italy 17. 226 4. 64% 8 2. 0 15 South Korea 16. 469 4. 44% 9 1. 4 28 Taiwan 14. 778 3. 98% 10 1. 5 26 India 12. 442 3. 35% 11 1. 4 27 Spain 11. 914 3. 21% 12 2. 2 12 Russia 10. 041 2. 71% 13 1. 3 29 Australia 8. 769 2. 36% 14 1. 9 17 Turkey 7. 182 1. 94% 15 1. 7 23 Brazil 5. 408 1. 46% 20 1. 8 21 Source: ISI - Institute for Scientific Information. National Science Indicators, USA. Base Standard - ESI (2007).
Ph. D. Degrees Granted X Published Articles: 1987 - 2008 Source: SCOPUS. http: //www. scopus. com/search/form. url.
Brazil: ( 1 st in Football): 2. 8% of the World Population 2. 6% of the World Scientific Production 13 th in the World S&T
Leadership in Research and Productive Fields • Agriculture (orange, soy bean, cereals) • Animal Production (beef, poultry, pork) • Automation: Banking: since 15 years ago National elections: results in hours Industrial plants • Aircraft and Space Science • Metal Mechanic industry • Tropical Diseases and Public Health • Dentistry • Bio. Fuels (ethanol and biodiesel) • Petroleum (deep water extraction) • Biological control of insects • Cellulose production and paper industry
Muchas Gracias! Prof. Jorge A. Guimarães, Ph. D. CAPES, President pr@capes. gov. br *Todas as imagens foram retiradas da Wikipédia.
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