Botany for Master Gardeners Kim Conway Texas Agri. Life Extension
Naming Plants Carl Linneaus (1707 -1778) l Binomial nomenclature l Based on flower parts l – – – Family Genus Species
Plant Categories l Angiosperms Monocots – Dicots – l Gymnosperms – Conifers
Life Cycles Annuals l Biennials l Perennials l – – herbaceous woody
Plant Parts & Functions l Sexual – flower l Asexual leaves – stems – roots –
Roots Primary Roots l Taproot l Lateral Roots l Fibrous l
Roots Knees l Buttressed l l Aerial
Tuberous Roots l No Nodes
Root Structure endodermis epidermis phloem root hair pericycle endodermis meristem rootcap casparian strip
Dicot Root
Monocot Root
Stems Support l Vascular System l Buds l – – – l Leaf Bud Flower Bud Terminal Lateral/Axillary Adventitious Leaves
Meristems l Primary – Growth apical meristem or apex l Secondary – Growth Vascular cambium or cambium
Primary Growth - Monocot epidermis vascular bundle phloem xylem bundle sheath
Monocot Stem
Primary Growth – dicot or gymnosperm cortex epidermis pith phloem xylem
Dicot Stem
Secondary Growth - dicots periderm phloem cambium xylem 3 1 2 pith ray crushed cortex and past year’s phloem
Modified Stems - Crowns & Stolons
Modified Stems - Spurs
Modified Stems Bulb Corm Tuber Bulb Rhizome
Types of Leaves Scale leaves l Seed leaves l Spines l Thorns l Tendrils l Brachts l Needles l Simple l
Leaves Absorb sunlight for photosynthesis
Leaf Layers
Stomates
Leaf Venation Parallel Pinnate Palmate
Double Pinnate Compound Pinnate Simple Palmate Compound Leaf Types
Leaf Shapes Linear Ovate Elliptical Cordate Lanceolate
Leaf Types
Leaf Margins Entire l Sinuate l Crenate l Dentate l Serrate l Incised l Lobed l Cleft l
Leave Arrangement l alternate l opposite l whorled
Sexual Plant Parts & Functions (Flowers)
Parts of the Flower Petal { Pistil Stigma Style Ovary } Anther Filament Sepal Ovule Receptacle Stamen
Types of Flowering Plants l Monoecious = 1 House Corn – Pecan – l Dioecious Holly – Junipers – = 2 Houses
Flowers l l l Complete = Pistil, Stamen, Petal, Sepals Incomplete = Missing One Perfect = Pistil & Stamen
How Seeds Form Pollination l Pollen tube l Fertilization l Pollen Germination Growth of Pollen Tube toward Ovule
Types of Flowers l Solitary - one flower per stem l Inflorescence - a cluster of flowers – racemous - indeterminate (flower from the bottom up)
Racemous Flowers l Spike - flowers attached to peduncle - gladiolus
Racemous Flowers l Raceme - individual flowers attached by tiny stems to the peduncle – Bluebonnet
Racemous Flowers l Catkin Mulberry – birch –
Racemous Flowers l Corymb – yarrow
Racemous Flowers l Umbel – dill, – onion – queen anne’s lace –
Racemous Flowers l Head – sunflower – daisy –
Flower Types l cyme - determinate - flower from the top down - top florets open first dischasium cyme - baby’s breath – helicoid cyme - freesia – scorpioid - tomato (alternate) –
Types of Inflorescence
Fruit l Fruit consists of the fertilized and mature ovules (seeds) and the ovary wall.
Parts of the Fruit exocarp pericarp mesocarp endocarp seed dry fruit (corn) fleshy fruit (peach)
Types of Fruit Berry drupe Pepo pod Pome aggregate Hesperidium multiple
Parts of the Seed plumule epicotyl embryo cotyledon testa (seed coat) hilum micropyle hypocotyl radicle dicot seed (bean)
Seed Germination l Water l Light l Heat l Oxygen
The End
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