BOOKS READING BOOKS READING

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BOOKS & READING

BOOKS & READING • Enlarges vocabulary knowledge • Improve imagination • First books – 15 th century, Johannes Gutenberg – letterpress printing • Middle of the 20 th century – more than 200. 000 published books per year

LIBRARIES • Books are getting still more and more expensive • It is impossible to buy all the books we want or have to read • Libraries – institution all over the world • There you can borrow a book for a particular loan period for a small fee

DIVISION OF BOOKS FICTION • PROSE • Novels, short stories • Genres: romantic, detective, sci-fi, … • POETRY • Poems, sonnets, collections of poems • DRAMA • Tragedy, comedy, historical plays NON-FICTION • Encyclopaedias • Dictionaries • Guide books • Cookery books • Biographies • Text books

STRUCTURE OF BOOKS • COVER – paperback or hard cover (hardback), sometimes dust jacket with folded flaps • FRONT PAGE – contains information about the book (acknowledgment, table of contents, copyright, prolouge, …) • PROLOGUE – at the beginning • The story itself – divided into chapters (they have heading or they are nubmered) • EPILOGUE – at the end • Summary, additional materials (bibliography), references, appendix, glossary, …

ENGLISH LITERATURE

GEOFFREY CHAUCER • Often called the father of English poetry • „The Canterbury Tales“ • A collection of more than 20 stories written in the Middle Ages • A group of pilgrims who are travelling to Canterbury, each of them tells a story WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE • English Renaissance author, one of the greatest English playwrights • Set up the Globe Theatre • TRAGEDIES – „Romeo and Juliet“, „Hamlet“ • COMEDIES – „As you like it“, „A Midsummer night’s dream“ • ROMANCES – „The Winter’s tale“ HISTORICAL PLAYS – „Julius Caesar“

18 TH CENTURY • DANIEL DEFOE • „Robinson Crusoe“ • JONATHAN SWIFT • He wrote satirical prose, burned most of his writings • „Gulliver‘s Travels“ • WALTER SCOTT • Considered the founder of the historical novel • „Ivanhoe“

19 TH CENTURY • CHARLES DICKENS • Humourist, critical realism, brought up in a very poor family – affected his work • „Oliver Twist“, „David Copperfield“, „The Pickwick Papers“, „A Christmas Carol“ • OSCAR WILDE • Fairy tale – „The Happy Prince“, comedies – „The Importance of Being Earnest“, only novel – „The Picture of Dorian Gray“ • LEWIS CARROL • „Alice in Wonderland“ • SIR ARTHUR IGNATIUS CONAN DOYLE • Fictional stories about the detective „Sherlock Holmes“ and Dr. Watson, evil Moriarty

20 TH CENTURY • GEORGE BERNARD SHAW • Romantic comedy „Pigmalion“ – adapted as a musical My Fair Lady • AGATHA CHRISTIE • „the Queen of Detective Fiction“, wrote about 100 detective stories • „Miss Marple“, „Hercule Poirot“ • JOHN RONALD REUEL TOLKIEN • „The Hobit“, „The Lord of the Rings“

AMERICAN LITERATURE

19 TH CENTURY • WALT WHITMAN • Ground-breaking collection of poems – „Leaves of Grass“ • MARK TWAIN • Inspired by his own childhood, wrote about adventures of small boys • „Adventures of Tom Sawyer“, „Life on the Mississippi“ • EDGAR ALLAN POE • Poems – „The Raven“ • Psychological thrillers – „The Black Cat“

20 TH CENTURY • JACK LONDON • Wrote about nature • „The Call of the Wild“ • FRANCIS SCOTT FITZGERLAND • Dealt with problems of surplus of money • „The Great Gatsby“ • ERNEST HEMINGWAY • Pointed out useless suffering in wars • Novel „From Whom the Bell Tolls“

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