BOOKS
IN ANTIQUITY WRITING MATERIAL SERVED AS A STONE. FIRST DRAWINGS OF PRIMITIVE ARTISTS FOUND ON THE WALLS OF CAVES. UBSEQUENTLY, ON S ROCKS, ON THE STONE TILES AND PILLARS CARVED LAWS, THE NAMES OF KINGS, MEMORABLE EVENTS.
CLAY BOOKS are the most ancient. On another soft and moist clay said a sharp stick word-icons. Then the wood is dried and burned in furnaces, as pots. Size clay tiles were 32 x 32 cm and a thickness of 2. 5 cm - real flat bricks. Of the tens, and sometimes hundreds of pages created the book. These books were written in the ancient States of Mesopotamia and Assyria.
And in the next Egyptian state books were made from PAPYRUS - river reeds with high and thick trunk, cut into strips and dried. They wrote sticks dipped them in ink or color paints. Then the leaves glued and turned the book into a long roll. Usually with a length of about 6 meters After reading a scrolled up into a tube and kept in a special case.
For many centuries people used papyrus. Reached us Egyptian, Jewish, Greek, Persian papyrus, which are stored in the largest museums of the world. In the British Museum in London is stored papyrus 40 meters in length, but met and scrolls 45 meter length. The scroll is one continuous page. On scrolls written historical documents, scientific works, literary works of the peoples of the Ancient East, Greece and Rome. To replace the papyrus came a new writing materials, PARCHMENT.
In ancient Pergamum the state it was made from the skins zivotniho it possible to write on both sides. The sheet of parchment bent in half, and was four pages. Quartered in Greek called "tetrades", and together they formed the notebook. Several of these notebooks sewn together and the result was a book in which you can write and draw, and it was called by the code. By the looks of the code resembles a modern knigoy writing one book left a whole bunch Baranovka were written by hand several years.
In Ancient Rus ' were written on birch bark, birch BARK. Signs on the crust caused by an ivory rod with eyelet on top, through which they poteryalas ribbon. Rod hung from the belt.
In the 2 nd century ad, China invented the PAPER. It was a cheaper material. Paper was invented Cai LUN. He found a way to make paper from the inner fibrous bark of the mulberry tree. The Chinese have learned to taloche bark in the water to separate the fiber, then they poured the oil on the tray at the bottom of which was a long narrow strips of bamboo. When the water flows, soft sheets are laid out to dry on a flat surface. For this purpose used bamboo and old clothes. The Chinese 800 years kept the secret of paper production. None of the writing material has not received much recognition as paper.
Interesting about the book. - Wooden book came about in the first century of our era. It was produced on a page - tablets poured the melted wax and while he was soft, smooth it. On set in stone wax wrote with his sharp stylus. A few boards connected lace in the booklet.
- A book of stone carved on the walls of the temple in Fevah. This ancient record, stone pages that can grow to 40 metres in width.
- The Golden book found the American archeologists conducting excavations in Sri Lanka. Its pages made of pure gold. On precious engraved leaves the text of one of the ancient Indian poems.
- Blacksmith from Bulgarian villages of Vratsa, angel Kostov, manufactured metal book weighing 4 kg, format I see twenty-two pages of the world famous Gabrovo jokes, aphorisms and Proverbs.
- The most expensive book in the world today is considered the "Bible" of Mainz, published in 1455. In one instance it printed on parchment, American Wallber paid in 1926 350, 000 dollars. Now it is in Washington DC, Library of Congress.
