BOOKER T WASHINGTON W E B DUBOIS

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BOOKER T. WASHINGTON & W. E. B. DUBOIS NEGRO STATUS AT TURN OF THE CENTURY

COMPROMISE OF 1877 ENDS RECONSTRUCTION l FEDERAL TROOPS WITHDRAW l SOUTHERN WHITES SEEK “REDEMPTION. ” RETURN OF WHITE SUPREMACY l

TACTICS USED l PHYSICAL INTIMIDATION BY KU KLUX KLAN l DENIAL OF VOTING RIGHTS BY USE OF: – POLL TAX – GRANDFATHER CLAUSE – LITERACY TESTS

“JIM CROW” SEGREGATION l SEPARATE SOCIETIES - ONE WHITE & ONE BLACK l ECONOMIC INTIMIDATION THRU SHARECROPPING SYSTEM AND BLACK CODES

WHITE SUPREMACY BY 1890 l 14 TH AND 15 TH AMENDMENTS IGNORED l NO EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAW l NO VOTING RIGHTS l MOST BLACK ARE SHARECROPPERS

THE SUPREME COURT UPHOLDS JIM CROW l CASE OF PLESSY V FERGUSON 1896 l “IF ONE RACE BE INFERIOR THE CONSTITUTION CANNOT MAKE THEM EQUAL…” l “SEPARATE BUT EQUAL” BECOMES THE RULE

MORE ON PLESSY CASE l VOTE WAS 8 TO 1 l JUSTICE JOHN HARLAN DISSENTED: “THE CONSTITUTION MUST BE COLOR BLIND…” l SEGREGATION BECOMES WAY OF LIFE IN THE SOUTH

HOW SHOULD NEGROES DEAL WITH THEIR STATUS? l SHOULD THEY ACCOMMODATE? l SHOULD THEY CONFRONT THE INJUSTICE? l HOW WOULD YOU HAVE REACTED?

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON l BORN A SLAVE l FOUNDED TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE 1881, IN ALABAMA l WROTE UP FROM SLAVERY l “NEGROES MUST PROVE THEMSELVES WORTHY”

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

MORE ON WASHINGTON… l BECOME CRAFTSMEN & GOOD WORKERS. SEEK VOCATIONAL EDUCATION l BE A CREDIT TO YOUR RACE l DO NOT SEEK SOCIAL OR POLITICAL EQUALITY

MORE… l WASHINGTON PROPOSED: “ATLANTA COMPROMISE” l “RACES ARE LIKE THE FINGERS OF A HAND. THEY ARE SEPARATE BUT CAN WORK TOGETHER…”

l “IT MORE ON WASHINGTON… IS FOLLY TO SEEK SOCIAL EQUALITY…” l FORGET VOTING RIGHTS l CONFRONTATION WILL MAKE THINGS WORSE l EQUALITY MUST BE EARNED

WHITES HAIL WASHINGTON l PRES. ROOSEVELT INVITES HIM TO WHITE HOUSE l WASHINGTON IS VOICE OF THE NEGRO IN AMERICA l WHY WAS HE SO POPULAR WITH WHITES?

W. E. B. DUBOIS

W. E. B. DUBOIS l REJECTS WASHINGTON’S APPROACH l WROTE: THE SOUL OF BLACK FOLKS, IN 1903 l HELD PH. D. FROM HARVARD

DUBOIS’ APPROACH l BLACKS MUST CONFRONT INJUSTICE & DEMAND RIGHTS l VOCATIONAL EDUCATION LIMITS NEGROES l BLACK COMMUNITY SHOULD FOCUS ON “THE TALENTED TENTH”

MORE ON DUBOIS l POOL RESOURCES TO GIVE TALENTED TENTH HIGHER EDUCATION l THEY WILL BE FUTURE LEADERS & WIN EQUALITY IN COURTS

MORE… l ONE OF FOUNDERS OF NIAGARA MOVEMENT 1905 l AND NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE (N. A. A. C. P. ) 1909 l EDITOR OF CRISIS MAGAZINE

DUBOIS ON WASHINGTON: l COMPROMISE IS APPROVAL OF SEGREGATION l WILL ERECT CLASS BARRIERS BASED ON RACE l CONDEMNS NEGROES TO 2 ND CLASS CITIZENSHIP

MORE… l WHITES WILL BELIEVE BLACKS ARE SATISFIED WITH INEQUALITY l NEGROES LIKE WASHINGTON HELP WHITES MAINTAIN THE STATUS QUO

WHO DO YOU THINK WAS RIGHT? l WHITES AT THE TIME SAW DUBOIS AS A TROUBLE MAKER l WHITES PRAISED WASHINGTON FOR HIS PATIENCE

WHICH WAY? ?

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