Bob Travica / Information View of Organization: Framework & Research Bob Travica Asper School of Business November 19, 2010
Bob Travica / Information View of Organization Outline • Rationale for Information View of Organization (IVO) • Basic terminology • Research & Management use of IVO • Conclusion & Future Research • Questions & Answers
Bob Travica / Information View of Organization Rationale – Organization Theory Side • Enhance link between IS theory (IST) and organization theory (OT) for benefit of both (Orlikowski & Barley, 2001) • OT’s issues: IT invisible and buried in abstract concepts of technology (Clegg et al. , 1996; Currie & Galliers, 1999) - But IT is different from other technologies as it works with cognition rather than physical matter (comp. Woodward, Thompson, Perrow) • OT’s bridges: Barley, Clegg, Weick* 1 of 12
Bob Travica / Information View of Organization Rationale – Information Systems Theory (IST) Side • IST looks at life cycle of IS or information technology (IT): planning – development – management… • IST’s issues: – Theorizing IT – Theorizing information – Organizational context weak or arbitrary (TAM research vs. Task-Media Fit Theory)* • IST’s bridges: Markus, Orlikowski, group systems research, new organizational forms research 2 of 12
Bob Travica / Information View of Organization Information View of organization (IVO) • In IST: Formalize use of known organizational views by linking them to information & IT IVO • Advance theorizing of information & IT • In OT: Introduce a new view of organization by focusing known organization views on information & IT 3 of 12
Bob Travica / Information View of Organization IVO Framework Org. Goals & Issues Individuals Work Groups Organization theory (yellow) Information systems theory Org. Processes Homo Informaticus Groupomatics IS Design/Development Infoprocesses DATA MEANING KNOWLEDGE Org. IS Use IS Adoption Org. WISDOM Structure Economics INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Infostructure Infoeconomics IS Management IS Evaluation (blue & white) Infoculture Org. Culture Infopolitics Org. Politics IVO approach (green) Travica, 2003, 2005 4 of 12
Bob Travica / Information View of Organization IVO Basic Terminology: Information: An umbrella term for cognitive agents called: • data (symbols for human communication in various states of organization) • knowledge (cognitive structures in human memory) • wisdom (capability of making right judgments) • meaning (process & effect of data-knowledge/wisdom interaction) key aspect; information=0 before data are understood • Information teleology (example): Uncertainty reduction (Shannon & Weaver, 1949; Galbraith, 1973) vs. uncertainty creation, “creative chaos” (Nonaka & Takecuhi, 1995) 5 of 12
Bob Travica / Information View of Organization IVO Basic Terminology: Information Technology (IT): • Artifacts for manipulating data – tool, device, machine; electronic and pre-electronic • Agent in data-knowledge interaction i. e. meaning creation (“Medium is a message”, Mc. Luhan) • Equivoque (incongruence b/w workings of automated information system and user`s mental models; Weick) • IT teleology: IT as means of control vs. autonomy (Giddens’s duality of structure & action) 6 of 12
Bob Travica / Information View of Organization IVO Basic Terminology: Information System, and Organization • In organizations, data IT & procedural knowledge related via the concept of information system (IS) • IS as both cognitive and organizational agent Information System IT Data Know-how • Organization ontology: Various OT metaphors used, including brain and intelligence • Organization as the intersection of OT and IST aspects (infoculture, infopolitics…) 7 of 12
Bob Travica / Information View of Organization Seven Topical Areas in IVO Topical Area in IVO Concept Homo Informaticus (Individual) Cognitive aspects of individual organization members; Information behaviours (information seeking, decision making); Individuals as IS designers, users and evaluators Groupomatics (Groups) Group cognition aspects (transactive memory, group thinking, group decision making). Infoculture Stable beliefs and behavioral patterns revolving around organizational information and IT. Infopower, agendas, and flight/fight revolving around organizational information and IT. Infopower as (a) control over data/IT, (b) meaning management, and (c) expertise-based. Infostructure Patterns of relationships b/w data segments and in IT arrangements in terms of hierarchy, centralization, dispersion, fragmentation, formalization Infoprocess Set of information tasks form a start to an end point, which deliver a value for a customer. Infoeconomics Costs, benefits and other economic aspects related to managing data, knowledge, IT & IS. 8 of 12
Bob Travica / Information View of Organization Infoculture Research & Management • • • Study of Utilities, large professional bureaucracy (Travica, 2008, 2010) IS: Human resource mgt. system (HRMS) using ERP software* Managers have to manipulate HRMS directly (primary user) Infoculture Aspect Finding Enterprise Level How data and IT/IS are managed - Unpolished systems development Business Departments Level What is the role of IT/IS Organizational force Reluctant passenger Driver When/Why change IS When necessary, novelty must save users’ effort; conservatism When IT changes, to follow progress How data and IT/IS are managed • Information tool Who we are in relation to IT/IS • IS Department Level - Electronic vs. paper formats - White-blue collar divide Electronic standard Theory: Test of infoculture; infoculture influences IS adoption; insight in differentiation of organizational culture Management: Enhance mutual communication and education 9 of 12
Bob Travica / Information View of Organization Infopolitics Research & Management • Utilities, HRMS (Travica, 2008, 2009) Infopolitics Aspect Infopower Finding No gain for line management – access to same records and reports but have to manipulate HRMS directly Gain for corporate executives due to control over integrated data Gain for IS managers due to expertise in & control of enterprise software Gain for clerks having blue collars dependent as before and line managers depending for new skills Infoagenda Corporate and IS management aligned on changing management processes via HRMS. Disagreements on development priorities. Line management aligned in opposition to HRMS. Infopolitical Fight/Flight Line management fights corporate and IS management. 10 of 12
Bob Travica / Information View of Organization Infopolitics Research & Management • Theoretical implications: Infopolitical Agenda IS Planning -------IS Adoption Infopower Infopolitical Fight ------------Infopolitical Flight • Management implications: – Rethink political benefits for line management 11 od 12
Bob Travica / Information View of Organization Conclusion and Future Research • IVO may advance understanding of organization and IS • Need to advance study of other IVO aspects • Scale development (infoculture, infopolitics) • Theory building • JIITO (J. of Information, Information Technology, & Organizations) C`est tout, gens! Questions, please… 12 of 12
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