Bluetooth Presenters Group 6 Allan Alarcon Ingrid Anderson

Bluetooth Presenters: Group 6 Allan Alarcon, Ingrid Anderson, Bhupesh Kapoor, Shi-Wu Lee

- Name given to this new technology, set to commercially come out this year - It is a cable-replacement technology

- Technically, is a chip to be plugged into computers, printers, mobile phones, etc. Designed by taking the information normally carried by the cable, and transmitting it at a special frequency to a receiver Bluetooth chip which will then give information received to these mobile devices.

History The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) was founded by Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba in February 1998 to develop as open specification for short-range wireless connectivity.

Key Features: Robustness, low complexity, low power and low cost

Main Strength: Ability to simultaneously handle both data and voice transmissions such as headset for voice calls.

Usage Home: Having multiple PCs and need for networks that are simple to install and maintain Commercially: Handhelds and other mobile devices

Some System requirements: - Universal framework to access information across a diverse set of devices - Should offer similar protection as in cables. There should not be any compromises on security - It should be simple, small and power efficient for easy mobile usage

The standard requirement : - must enable the devices to establish ad hoc connections.

Wireless connectivity over Bluetooth

Works with: Any laptop, handheld PC or PDA with a spare Type II PCMCIA slot Operating Systems: Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows 98, Windows 95 or Windows CE

Bluetooth Components • Four major components: ° Radio Unit (radio transceiver) ° Baseband Unit (flash memory & CPU) ° Software Stack (driver software) ° Application Software (user interface)

Bluetooth Radio • Radio transceiver supports spectrum spreading and operates at a frequency between 2. 402 GHz - 2. 480 GHz ISM band. • Spectrum spreading is accomplished by frequency hopping in 79 hops displaced by 1 MHz. (maximum of 1600 hops/sec. ) • Each device can optionally vary its transmitted antenna power

Bluetooth Baseband • Better term: “Link Controller Unit” • Actual hardware unit which enables the physical link between devices • Implements baseband protocols and Link Manager (LM) routines. ° link connection and power control ° asynchronous and synchronous links ° handles packets, paging and inquiry ° applies a time-division duplex scheme (alternate transmit and receive)

Connection Establishment • All devices are in Standby Mode by default, unconnected and periodically scan for messages. • 2 types of scans: ° Page Scan - device is listening for Data Access Code (DAC) · used for set up connection ° Inquiry Scan - device is listening for Inquiry Access Code (IAC) · used to discover which units are in range

Bluetooth Network Topology • capable of point to point & point to multi-point connections • Piconet: ° a master device ° one to seven active slave units ° a piconet channel • Scatternet: ° a group of piconets, up to maximum of ten ° a way of connecting a device to multiple masters ° Full-duplex rate of more than 6 Mb/s.

Link and Packet Types • 2 types of physical links ° Synchronous Connection-Oriented (SCO) · voice and data transmission, a point to point connection between a master and a specific slave ° Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) · data transmission only, a point to multi-point connection between a master and all the active slaves

Bluetooth Capacities • Bluetooth can support: ° one asynchronous data channel · asymmetric link of 723. 2 kb/s in either direction while permitting 57. 6 kb/s in the return direction ·symmetric link of 433. 9 kb/s ° up to three simultaneous synchronous voice channels · each supports 64 kb/s in each direction °one channel which simultaneously supports asynchronous data and synchronous voice

Connection Modes • 4 Connection Modes ° Active Mode: device is actively participating in a channel. It’s assigned an Active Member Address (AM_ADDR) ° Hold Mode: maintains AM_ADDR. Supports synchronous but not asynchronous packets ° Sniff Mode: maintains AM_ADDR. Supports both synchronous and asynchronous packets ° Park Mode: no activity within a channel but remains synchronized to a channel

Security Features • specification includes security features at the link level. • supports authentication (unidirectional or mutual) and encryption. • devices transmit on the heavily used, unlicensed 2. 45 GHz radio band ( the same used by microwaves. ) • to keep transmission from breaking up, frequency hopping is employed.

Security Features cont’d • Each Bluetooth device has a unique address • Associating the ID with a person facilitates tracking – i. e. individuals can be traced and their activities easily logged. • For Bluetooth devices to communicate, an initialization process uses a PIN. • While some devices allow users to punch in an ID number, the PIN can also be stored in the non-volatile memory of the device

Security Modes • Bluetooth security is divided into three modes: – Security Mode 1: non-secure – Security Mode 2: service level enforced security – Security Mode 3: link level enforced security

Security Architecture

Security Implementation within the Architecture • Two possible security modes for devices: • Three levels of security for services: • Trusted Device • Authorisation Required – Such a device would have access to all services for which the trust relationship has been set. • Untrusted Device – Such a device would have restricted access to services. – access granted to trusted devices • Authentication Required – the remote device must be authenticated • Encryption Required – The link must be changed to encrypted mode, before access to the service is possible

Potential Weaknesses • PIN code problems • Spoofing due to non-secret link key • Spoofing Bluetooth device addresses

Drawbacks • Limited transport in 2. 4 GHz band. Mbps for Blue. Tooth. Need higher rate for Local Area Networks. (sending graphics to be printed) • mutual perturbation (cross-talk) of corresponding office equipment within a same building • frequency hopping provides some level of security, confidentiality may be compromised via currently available decoder technology. Benefits • Bluetooth is WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) not LAN replacement. low cost, low profile, low power wireless link for convenience • BT not designed for large file nor fast transfer; for mobility and convenience • wireless devices always have security issues, but BT’s range is 10 meters need to be within this range to pick up transmission

Drawbacks • Higher frequency 60 GHz: a. free world wide b. less cross talk thus more confidentiality of transmitted information c. larger bandwidth than 2. 4 GHz Benefits • 60 GHz - Not Cost Effective (potentially higher cost of necessary adapters. Power drain and may be larger in size. Blue. Tooth designed to circumvent these issues. Cheap, low power, and convenient.

Compatibility of Blue. Tooth: Upgrade to BT 1. PC's quite easy. Bluetooth PCMCIA cards, USB connectors etc. are developed at this stage, thus only a matter of installing the device, and loading up some bluetooth software 2. Upgrade PDA’s with Blue. Tooth add-on chips or buy PDA’s with chip already in place 3. current Mobile Phones may not be upgraded , due to their cheap cost and relativity limited complexity, and lack an interface for any kind of bluetooth device (such as a USB port). Although Ericsson will be offering a bluetooth chip add-on.

Future : Is it already here? Bluetooth • • vs 1 MB/sec, 10 meters, 7 active devices can be used wherever you are – home, office or on the move. (PDA, mobile phone) Cheap; various applications to drive the price down (electronics, telecoms, automotive and computing) BT future revision may be as a high speed network solution Airport (802. 11) • • 10 MB/sec, 50 meters, 10 active devices wireless networking only pricer higher speed wireless networking solution