Black box test design techniques How to optimize number of test cases
Test Case Specification Test Basis - something that can be used to derive test information. Test Condition - something that we could test. • • • Test case specification identifier Test goal Environmental needs Input specifications Special procedural requirements
Test Design Approaches STATIC TESTING Non-execution techniques. Can be used for ‘testing’ of any form of document, including source code. DYNAMIC TESTING • Specification-based (black box, input-output driven) • Structure-based (white box) • Experience-based
Specification Based test design techniques • Equivalence partitioning • Boundary Values • Decision Table (Cause Effect) • State Transition • Use case testing
Equivalence Partitioning • Equivalence Partitioning aka Equivalence Classes. Meaning system treats equivalent conditions in the same way. • Technique helps to identify conditions and group them into equivalent classes. • If at least one condition fails – class is failed. If at least one is passed – class works as expected. • Often used with Boundary values technique.
Equivalence Partitioning Example: Bank account that earns different rate of interest depending on amount: in the range $0 up to $100 has a 3% interest rate, a balance over $100 and up to $1000 has a 5% interest rate, and balances of $1000 and over have a 7% interest rate Classes: Positive Class $0 - $100. 00 – 3% $100. 01 - $999. 99 – 5% > $1000. 00 – 7% Negative Class $-0. 01 What else?
Boundary Value Analysis • BVA is based on testing at the boundaries between partitions. Example: If we have a 0 -100 range to be allowed to input, than the following boundaries of classes to be covered: Boundary Values: Negative Class Positive Class -1 0 100 Negative Class 101
Equivalence partitions and boundaries Test conditions Valid partitions Invalid partitions Valid boundaries Invalid boundaries Balance in $ $0. 00 - $100. 00 < $0. 00 $0. 01 $100. 01 -$999. 99 >$Max $100. 00 $Max+0. 01 $1000. 00 - $Max non-integer (if balance is an input field) $100. 01 $999. 99 $1000. 00 $Max Interest rates 3% Any other value 5% Non-integer 7% No interest calculated Not applicable
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