Biosecurity Protection from exposure to disease

Biosecurity • “Protection from exposure to disease” • What? Why? How? • •

Biosecurity “A set of management practices which when followed correctly reduce the potential for the introduction and spread of disease causing organisms onto, and between sites. ” l From the perspective of the bird rather than just the farm

Biosecurity Three Key Levels of Biosecurity l Conceptual Biosecurity l Structural Biosecurity l Operational Biosecurity

Biosecurity Conceptual Biosecurity Involves Site planning l Location e. g proximity to other farms, transport etc. l Almost impossible to change once committed without very high cost l

Biosecurity Structural Biosecurity l Concerns the design of the farm and buildings. l Includes house design (easy to clean), site layout and security. l Expensive to change once built.

Biosecurity Operational Biosecurity The points involved with day to day running of the site. l Includes routine disinfection, control of visitors, source of stock etc. l Can be modified at low cost according to requirements l

Disease transmission l Different disease causing agents require differing priorities in relation to biosecurity l There is a direct relationship between where the agent multiplies in the bird and its mode of transmission from one bird to another, or from one site to another

Disease transmission: Respiratory diseases high concentrations in the respiratory tract l +++ mucus l sneezing and coughing l aerosols l e. g. ND, IB, AI, TRT, mycoplasma l

Disease transmission: Enteric (gut) diseases l Diarrhoea l spread via droppings l e. g. salmonella, campylobacter, coccidiosis, viruses

Disease transmission: Vertical transmission from breeders l infection via air sac or oviduct l egg contamination l egg transmission l e. g. mycoplasma, salmonella l

Disease transmission: Site contamination l persistent, resistant organisms l contaminate litter, equipment, environment l e. g. ILT, Gumboro, Marek’s, CAV, many bacteria

Breeder Farm and Hatchery Breeding Stock l Breeding Farm l Egg collection l Farm egg storage l Egg Transport l The Hatchery l Chick delivery l

Biosecurity - why? 1. To keep lethal, highly contagious diseases out of premises e. g. Newcastle disease (Fowl Pest), avian influenza, or acute Gumboro disease 2. To reduce challenge by common pathogens known to reduce productivity such as E. coli and coccidiosis

Biosecurity - why? 3. To reduce or eliminate, background immunosuppressive agents such as Marek’s disease, chicken anaemia or Gumboro disease, which leave birds susceptible to other disease organisms 4. To reduce contamination with agents of public health significance, such as salmonella or campylobacter

Methods of spread 1. Vermin e. g. salmonella, pasteurella 2. Feed e. g. salmonella, some ND strains 3. Wild birds e. g. mycoplasmas, ND, avian influenza, ? IB, ? TRT, bacteria, worms

Methods of spread 4. Water e. g. E. coli, salmonella, campylobacter 5. Hatchery e. g. salmonella, aspergillus, enterococcus, pseudomonas, mycoplasmas 6. Windborne e. g. IB, ND, TRT, ? mycoplasmas 7. Faecal e. g. Gumboro, ND, salmonella, mycoplasma, viruses

Control Areas - Inanimate 1. locate away from other poultry (>5 miles) 2. avoid waterways, ponds or lakes 3. avoid putting birds on range 4. avoid major roads 5. remove litter from farm 6. concrete around houses 7. avoid standing water 8. use potable drinking water with low TVC

Control areas - People limit staff movements l avoid visitors l control site traffic l spray vehicles l adequate protective clothing l BOOTS l hand washing l ? showers l

Control areas - poultry Obtain stock from high health status sources. l Carry out regular health monitoring and audits l Carry out daily and proper disposal of deaths / culls. l

Control areas - site decontamination l Effective cleaning and disinfection l adequate turnaround time l include houses, aprons, equipment l use a closed water system l carry out water sanitisation

Control areas - site decontamination l Use a total feed system l carry out regular vermin control l audit efficacy l use only products with proven broad spectrum efficacy

Disease Control Freedom from Disease = Maximum Profits Hygiene and Biosecurity = The most cost effective method of disease control

STATIC VECTORS l. Housing l. Equipment l. Organic Waste l. Feed System l. Water System l. Building Surrounds

MOBILE VECTORS l Livestock l Humans l Rodents l Other Animals l Equipment l Transport l Organic Waste l Air Borne

NUTRIENT VECTORS l Food l Water l (Bedding)

TYPES OF DISINFECTION l Terminal l Continuous l (Production Breaks)

STAGE 1 REMOVAL & DRY CLEAN l Remove stock l Equipment l Bedding l Gross organic waste l Dust

STAGE 2 CLEANING & SANITISATION l Reducing infective material l Removal of dried on matter l Use a Detergent / Sanitiser l Allow to dry afterwards

STAGE 3 A WATER SYSTEMS l Drainable – Drain – Clean – Disinfect – Flush l Non-Drainable – Clean – Sanitise

STAGE 3 B REMOVABLE EQUIPMENT l Soak l Scrub / Pressure Wash l Detergent Sanitizer l Disinfect l Dry

STAGE 4 DISINFECTION l To remove residual challenge l Use broad spectrum disinfectant l Cover all surfaces l Cover all cracks & crevices l Allow to dry.

STAGE 5 AERIAL DISINFECTION l Covers inaccessible areas l Replace movable equipment first. l Can be done after bedding is spread. l Fog / Fumigate l Safety required with formaqldehyde. l Rest period

CONTINUOUS DISINFECTION l Control Access l Foot & Wheel Dips l Water Sanitization l Aerial Disinfection l Rodent Control

Operational Biosecurity l l Control/restriction of Visitors Strict use of Protective clothing Hand Washing Footdips etc

Egg collection l. Treat with Care at all stages l. Hand washing l. Egg sanitising l. Disinfection and cleaning of egg store

Egg Transport l. Hatchery should dispatch a clean and disinfected vehicle l. Driver to observe farm hygiene regulations

Hatchery Biosecurity l Staff training and supervision l Defined working areas – “Clean” and “Dirty” l Clearly defined routines and frequencies. l Hygiene of personnel l Site security

Chick Delivery l. Chick box disinfection l. Transport Hygiene l. Farm Regulations l. Disinfection of returning vehicle and crates

Conclusion l. Consider the operation as a whole l. Trained Operatives l. Monitoring overall results l. Routine Hatchery Monitoring

The Result Freedom from Disease = Maximum Profits