Biological Anthropology The genus Homo
Homo habilis • Larger brain • Flatter face
Homo habilis • Leakey • Name means “Handy Man”
Homo habilis: culture Olduwan pebble culture
Homo habilis: culture • Leakey: large brain = tool manufacture
Homo habilis Where? East Africa
Homo habilis When? 2. 5 -1. 5 mya
Homo habilis • Small & large specimens • Light skull • Cranial Capacity = 800 cc
Homo habilis: bipedalism • Full Biped - Increase leg length -Decrease arm length • Shorter in stature
Homo habilis: dentition • Short molars • Small canines • Simian shelf • Parabolic dental arcade
Homo erectus • 1891 • Eugene Dubois • Indonesia
Homo erectus Java Man
Homo erectus • Peking Man • 1926 • China
Homo erectus Where found? Africa Asia Europe
Homo erectus: When? Africa 1. 6 mya- 400, 000 ya Asia 1. 5 mya-200, 000 ya Europe 800, 000 -200, 000 ya
Homo erectus: bipedalism Full bipedalism: “Turkana Boy”
Homo erectus: dentition A. boisei • Parabolic Jaw • Simian shelf H. erectus
Homo erectus: cranium Cranial capacity: 900 -1225 cc
Homo erectus: culture Acheulean tools: Hand axe culture
Homo erectus: culture • Sophisticated tools • Consistently shaped • Suggests communication
Homo erectus: culture First to use fire! (but not necessarily make)
Homo sapiens: where & when • Africa: 400, 000 ya (archaic) • Asia & Europe: 200, 000 ya • Australia: 60, 000 ya • North America: 27, 000 ya
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens: bipedalism Is bipedalism “finished”? Back problems Flat feet
Homo sapiens: dentition • Parabolic jaw
Homo sapiens: cranium Cranial capacity: 1250 -1400 cc
Homo sapiens: cranium Most modern features • Forehead • Chin
Homo sapiens: culture • Art & Symbolism • Portable Art • Figurines, personal ornaments 230, 000 ya: Acheulean figurine, Israel
Homo sapiens: culture Upper Paleolithic 35 -10, 000 ya: • Use of ivory, bone, wood • New tools • Art & decoration
Homo sapiens: culture • Ritualized Burials • notions of afterlife? • feelings for deceased?
Homo sapiens: culture • Produce Fire • protection from cold • keep away predators • cooking • focal gathering point
Homo sapiens: language • Evidence of language • Writing (ca. 6, 000 ya) • Art • Cooperative efforts • The most important tool we now use • Has features not found in the communication systems of any other living organism
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