BIOCHEMISTRY OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX Collagen structure Proline and

BIOCHEMISTRY OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

Collagen structure

Proline and lysine residues 4-hydroxyproline, 5-hydroxylysine residues

Collagen synthesis

The formation of crosslinks

Scurvy

Collagen IV

Elastin

Elongation and consriction of elastin

Specific products of enzymatic hydrolysis of elastin Desmosine

Fibronectin С-terminal end disulphide bonds

Transglutaminase

Laminin

Nidogen (Entactin) binding site of collagen and proteoglycans binding site of laminin

Glycosaminoglycans hyaluronic acid

Aggrecan, combined with hyaluronic acid 1 — chains of chondroitin sulphate 2 — chains of keratan sulphate 3 — polypeptide chain HA — hyaluronic acid

Integrin structure

Extracellular matrix

Hydrolysis of collagen by collagenases

Dermatomyositis

Pulmonary fibrosis

Mucopolysaccharidosis

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Biochemistry of nervous tissue

Blood Brain Barrier

Chemical composition

Carbohydrate metabolism

GABA shunt 31

32

Cholinergic synapse 33

Adrenergic synapses 34 Adrenalin Noradrenalin Dopamin

GABA

37

Muscle proteins Sarcoplasmic proteins (35%) glycolytic enzymes enzymes of tissue respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, nitrogen and lipid metabolism myoglobin parvalbumins

Myofibrillar proteins (45%) Myosin Actin Actomyosin regulatory proteins (tropomyosin, troponin, α- and β-actinin). Muscle proteins Stromal proteins (20%) Collagen Elastin

40 The structure of the muscle fiber

41 Structure of myosin molecule

42 Actine structure

43 Structure of thin filament

Sources of energy for muscle work Creatine kinase mechanism Creatine phosphate + ADP Creatine + ATP Miokinase mechanism: 2 ADP = ATP + AMP Glycolytic mechanism (lactate, anaerobic) Aerobic ATP resynthesis mechanism (oxidative phosphorylation)

Mechanism of muscle contraction 45

46

47

48

Myopathy 49

50

Ischemic heart disease 51