„BIO - WINE“ - Its Production and Future in the Czech Republic Sylvie Gurská Departement of management, FBE, MUAF in Brno
Basic terms Bio - product Bio – food Environmental agriculture Envir. processor Bio – food shops Bio – wine Eco-agrotourism
Basic terms – short definition Bio - product is a raw material, which originate in environmental agriculture. Bio – food could be anything, what meets basic requirements, where the general goal is the elimination of chemicals, hormones and synthetic shifts in the entrance and during the process. Environmental agriculture is farming with a positive relation to animals, land, plants and nature without use of synthetic fertilizers, chemical preparation, insecticide, hormones and synthetic. Processor in the system of environmental agriculture is a producer of bio – food.
Basic terms – short definition Bio – shops of the association PRO-BIO – independent retail with bio – food Bio - wine is wine produced according to principle of environmental agriculture, which is controlled by the law 242/2000 Coll. and regulation of the Council EHS č. 2092/91. Eco - agrotourism – the way from the town to an environment like Bio - farm
Labeling Correct labeled bio-food caries the symbol BIO and correct logo and number of control organization: CZKEZ-01, CZ-ABCERT-02, CZ-BIOKONT-03 etc. This label is in the context of European rules, producers can also use special labeling of European Union, which declares, that the product is a result of environmental agriculture.
Financing It is possible to suck from common agricultural subsidies (SAPS), then specific subsidies for environmental agriculture (AEO). It is necessary to satisfy all important conditions.
Bio-wine The beginning of bio-wine was in fifties of the 20. century in Switzerland Germany Seventies of 20. century -first biggest part of the vintage was focused on biological pure wine During the time the methods of production improved and the bio-wine became its quality Currently belongs bio-wine to one of the fastest developing segments in the European wine market. The most part of bio-wine in Europe has been produced in small, often just hand making wineries, the way of farming and processing makes the wine characteristic with its natural aroma.
Bio - wine Bio-wine producers focus on quality of land creation of conditions, which are good for natural antagonist of škůdci and plevel. The balance and self-regulating abilities of land are subsided with a lot of biotechnological instruments. Fertilizers which are allowed are just natural compound of copper and sulphur The plevel is destroyed mechanical, plant residual are processed into land it is used as a natural fertilizers. The use of synthetic compounds is strictly forbidden (pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and other – icides) The result is green vineyard on a živá land, with optimal amount of land microorganism and minerals.
Why aren´t all species BIO? Müller Thurgau or Blauer Portugieser are species so sensitive, that conditions for its cultivation in bio-quality satisfy just a few locations. Thanks to ambitious treatment in bio-wineries are mostly popular species, which are natural durable. The quality of bio-wine is various. Bio-wines have the content of sugar in the quality of quality attribute wines, but in the opposite to other wines they couldn't be capitalized (sweetened). Thanks to the decreased amount of SO 2 is the biowine ambitious on the quality of stocking.
Integrated production x environmental agriculture Integrated production (IP) is with its ecological methods on a baseline between standard and environmental production. The difference is the possibility to use some chemicals, which are in the environmental agriculture prohibited. In the Czech Republic had been integrated production conducted since 1992 and nowadays satisfy its standards more than one half of vintages in the Czech Republic.
Integrated production x environmental agriculture The number of bio-producers also has been increasing. The interest of environmental agriculture express mostly wine producers farming in integrated system, because it is easier to come from the integrated to environmental production. Forms of environmental farming are supported with financial compensations, which were in the system of integrated production 507 Euro and in the environmental agriculture 849 Euro in the year 2007. The point of interest – care about the land environment, new opportunities – the bio-wine market is not satisfied and its demand has been increasing.
Europe To countries with the largest area of environmental vintages in Europe belong Italy, France, Spain, Greek and Germany. The share of environmental vineyards isn´t more than 5 % of total wine area in each country. The most amount of bio-wine is sold in Germany (Germany and Switzerland are the biggest importers) Exporter number one has been for a long time Italy. In Europe there a lot of organizations with private standards, where is possible to certificate bio-wine: AIAB, Bioagricoop, Bioland, Ecovin, EOK, Biosuisse, Nature&Progres. The direction for wine prepares also the Association of environmental farmers PRO_BIO.
Czech Republic The beginning in the Czech Republic was of course later. According to the last data a lot of vineyards change to environmental farming and the total area of environmental vintages is over 400 hectares. The interest in pure wine farming has been increasing. In our republic it is possible to find bio-wine in selected wine-shops (also in internet), specialized bio-food shops or in private cellars. Bio-wine of domestic origin by our 4 certificated wine producers are available in specialized bio-food shops, internet e-shops or via direct purchase by the wine producer.
Czech Republic Verieties: - Pálava - Muskat moravian - Cabernet Moravia - Andre - Riener Riesling - Malverina - Laurot - Hibernal - mixture Naturvin Foreign marks of bio wine are distributed by selected wine -shops and some commercial cellars.
Labeling Current direction of the Council EHS/2092/91 hasn´t conclude rules for certain labeling of bio-wine yet, therefore it is possible to find except the term „bio-wine“ the term „ wine produced from environmental farmed grapes“ on the bottle. The bottle should be labeled with the bio-label of the country of its origin and with the code of its controlling organization, which controls in the certain country environmental origin of the food. In the Czech Republic it is the bio-zebra and codes of the certificated organizations could be CZ-ABCERT, CZ-BIOKONT or CZ-KEZ. The label could but don´t have to be labeled with the logo of EU for bio-food.
Labeling Logo of integrated production has been voluntary and a lot of IP producers prefer other information on the label. Wines, which come from biodynamic production are on the Czech market rather exception. On the label is the mark Demeter rarely, information about certification are possible to get by the seller. Biodynamic wine are imported to our republic in a small amount by a few importers, especially to private cellars or by order to individuals.
Examples of Bio-wines in Czech Republic Bio-wine Pálava by Abrle from Pavlov (168 CZK) Wine Hibernal by Vlastimil Peřina from Lednice (255 CZK) Laurot with the attribute last harvest 2006 by Miloš Michlovský from Rakvice (296 CZK) Bio-wine Naturvin 2006, grape selection, by František Mádl from Velké Bílovice
Contacts of selected bio-wine producers Vlastimil Peřina, Wine cellar Eben in Lednice in Moravia – bio-wine species Malverina, Laurot, Hibernal. Tel. 519 340 250, perinova@mpo. cz Josef Abrle from Pavlov, Environmental farminf of the family Abrle - biowine species Pálava, Muškát moravský, Cabernet Moravia, André, Ryzlink rýnský. Tel. 519 515 394, josef. abrle@tiscali. cz František Mádl from Velké Bílovice - biowine Naturvin. tel. 602 780 364 , malyvinar@slunce. cz Miloš Michlovský, Vinselekt in Rakvice - biowine species Laurot a Malverina. tel. 519 350 525, michlovsky@michlovsky. com, www. michlovsky. com
