BIO-SERV RODENT BEHAVIOR AND BREEDING TECHNIQUES • ANIMAL RESEARCH DIETS LAWTE MEETING 2009 • ENRICHMENT PRODUCTS • MEDICATED PRODUCTS
WHY ENRICHMENT? O-SERV OUR ONE SOURCE”
ENRICHMENT - Fosters the expression of species specific behavior - Improves animal welfare - Enhances psychological well being of animals in studies - CAN BE DONE WITHOUT PERTURBING RESEARCH 3
BROADENING YOUR EE PROGRAM: • METHODS TO ALLEVIATE STRESS DURING DOSING • SOLUTIONS TO HELP THOSE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS • ENRICHMENT DEVICES AS MORE THAN TOYS • EDIBLE TREATS AND THEIR BENEFITS THINKING OUTSIDE THE CAGE BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE”
AN IDEAL EE PROGRAM: §Enhances physiological and psychological well being of animals §Does not perturb research §Enrichment tools must be affordable, reusable and easy to sanitize Less stress, Less stereo-typical behavior, Less variables. But A BETTER RESEARCH MODEL! BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE”
WHEN CONSIDERING ENRICHMENT DEVICES, WHAT DO WE WANT TO PROMOTE IN THE SPECIES? BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE”
SPECIES SPECIFIC BEHAVIOR BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE”
WHY ENRICHMENT TREATS? BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE”
ENRICHMENT TREATS ARE USED FOR: • Behavioral studies • Picking/foraging • Positive reward for less desirable procedures • Stimulate appetite BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE”
ACCORDING TO NIH WHAT “FLAVOR” IS DEEMED A RODENT’S FAVORITE FLAVOR? BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE”
BACON WHERE'S THE BACON? ? BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE”
WHAT IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON POST SURGICAL PROBLEM THE ANIMAL CARE STAFF NEEDS TO BE AWARE OF ? BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE”
DEHYDRATION BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE”
Special Diets • NUTRA GEL • BACON SOFTIES • TRANSGENIC DOUGH • LIQUID RODENT DIETS GENERALIZED ILLNESS DENTAL PROBLEMS PHYSICAL OR NEUROLOGICAL IMPAIRMENTS STIMULATE APPETITE BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE”
NATURAL BEHAVIORS VERSUS ABNORMAL BEHAVIORS O-SERV OUR ONE SOURCE”
BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE” Environmental Enrichment for Laboratory Animals (2 -Apr-2004) K. L. Stewart 1 and K. Bayne 2 1 Freimann Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame, 400 Freimann Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, USA. 2 AAALAC International, Rockville, MD, USA.
What is Stereotypic Behavior? §Defined as any ritualized, repetitive, idiosyncratic, behavior that appears to serve no function. (Berkson, 1968) O-SERV OUR ONE SOURCE”
RODENTS Normal vs. Stereotypical Behavior O-SERV OUR ONE SOURCE”
OUR CHALLENGE WHEN CARING FOR RODENTS The Wild Mouse--naturally lives in a 80, 000 sq. meter area = 3. 4 million shoe box cages* *J Gardner May 2008 EE Extravaganza Are territorial--enhanced when crowded Are thigmotaxic--hug walls and are stressed in open spaces 64 -68 degrees--mice are thermally distressed--huddle* *Moberg 2000 Live in kin groups Do best when they can choose a mate *Drickamer 2003 O-SERV OUR ONE SOURCE”
WHAT DO RODENTS NEED? SHELTER OPPORTUNITY FOR NEST BUILDING GNAWING FORAGING BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE”
NAME SOME NEST BUILDING ACTIVITIES* *J GARNER MAY 2008 EE EXTRAVAGANZA DIG/HOLLOW HEAT MATERIAL HOLLOW BURROW SORT MATERIALS EXPAND WEAVE MATERIAL O-SERV OUR ONE SOURCE”
Rodent Stereotypical Behavior O-SERV OUR ONE SOURCE” §Bar- Mouthing §Jumping §Back-flipping §Barbering §Twirling Wurbel and Garner, 2002
Mice Flipping/Somersaulting 23
Mice Twirling 24
Rodent Articles Social Housing. Whenever possible rodents should be housed socially in compatible groups- usually one male with several females is the most successful. Females can be kept with mice consisting of familiar animals (Woflensohn and Lloyd, 1998) Singly housed animals show signs of impaired welfare and cause social isolation (Wurbel 2002) Nesting Material Mice use different types of nesting material depending upon the strain- shredded paper, paper towels, paper strips, commercial nesting fibers, wood shavings ect. (Olsson and Dahlborn, 2002) 25
Rodent Articles Cage Structures. More controversial than nesting material. Canadian Council on Animal Care (1993)- using cage structures for mice yielded equivocal results. Leach (2000) found that providing structural enrichment to rats= increased exploratory behavior, less bar gnawing, less drinking behavior. Shelters and complex cages may benefit some mice, can induce territoriality and become issues for others (Ollson and Dahlborn , 2002) Providing shelters to mice showed positive effects on animal welfare and allow for mice easier handling (Moons et al (2004) 26
CAN YOU NAME THREE BIO-SERV RODENT BREEDING TIPS? BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE”
HINTS FOR SUCCESSFUL RODENT BREEDING § Love Mash Supreme Mini Treats Sheltering--Igloos Transitioning Diets--Bacon Softies BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE”
Fertility § LOVE MASH -high fat diet -simple formula- cod liver oil base -increases lactation/size of dam/size of pups up to 40%. - give as supplement at cage level-not sole diet -1 -2 pieces per day from breeding through weaning 29
Cannibalism § CHOCOLATE MINI TREATS -Dissuades dam from ingesting pups after giving birth -Once dam drops pups, give 1 treat few times daily for few days -9 times out of 10 dam eats chocolate mini instead of pup 30
Sheltering § Several sheltering options provided by Bio-Serv § -Bio-Huts-paper huts § -Pup Tents § -Igloos 31
Igloo Study § • Study at Mass General § -performed on over 2000 breeder cages § -igloos and nestlets in each cage § -Results: 50% of dams kept pups in nestlets, 50% in igloos. Regardless, if igloo was present in the cage- 76% increase in pup survival rate. § -Found that if dams kept pups in nestlets, positioned igloos to move airflow away from pups= decrease in physiologic stress. If used igloos, decreased stress of the dam by using igloo floors and decreasing contamination and stress of the dam. 32
WHAT IS THE PERFECT EE SOLUTION FOR RODENTS? BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE”
THERE IS NONE! § WE HAVE COME A LONG WAY § MORE RESEARCH NEEDED § NO ONE SIZE FITS ALL § KNOW YOUR ANIMAL(S) § KEEP THE SPECIES IN MIND VERSUS HUMAN CONVENIENCES BIO-SERV “YOUR ONE SOURCE”
QUESTIONS/DISCUSSION ANY QUESTIONS? ?
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