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Matakuliah : G 0362/Sociolingustics Tahun : 2007 Variety: Regional and Social Dialects Pertemuan 6 Bina Nusantara
Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : • Mengenal berbagai varietas bahasa Inggris • Membedakan antara aksen, dialek dan bahasa Bina Nusantara
Outline Materi • Regional variations: International and Intra-national variations • Dialects: Regional and Social • Accents • Standard English Bina Nusantara
• When someone speaks, in general, reveals : – Gender – Where he/she comes from – Social status (e. g. education, rank) – Age Bina Nusantara
Regional Variation • In different regions of a country, there can be some variations in the language used. These variations can be in the pronunciation, the vocabulary, or even grammar. But, it is very apparent that the language is the same language. e. g. the Scotts speak English distinctively different from speakers in England. Bina Nusantara
International Varieties • Some well-known varieties: – American English – British English – Singapore English – New Zealand English – Australian English – South African – Indian English Bina Nusantara
![American vs. British English • Difference in Pronunciation – E. g. [gra: s] vs.](https://present5.com/presentation/11a3cd2da37c89b38fff4e58bd332f63/image-8.jpg "American vs. British English • Difference in Pronunciation – E. g. [gra: s] vs.")
American vs. British English • Difference in Pronunciation – E. g. [gra: s] vs. [græs] • Difference in vocabulary – E. g. boot vs. trunk • Difference in grammar – Have you got …? vs. Do you have ? Can you find more? Bina Nusantara
Australian English • Australian English is unique in both pronunciation and vocabulary. • The following is some examples in its vocabulary – A bloke = a guy – Sheila(s) = girl(s) – Deli = delicatessen (a corner shop selling daily needs like milk, bread, newspaper, etc. ) Bina Nusantara
Other Features of Au. E • High rising terminal (although this is not uniquely Australian, but it is very apparent in Australian and NZ speakers) • Long vowels : Sydney ‘Seedneey’ • Aboriginal English (see http: //www. une. edu. au/langnet/aboriginal. htm) Bina Nusantara
New Zealand English • Beside its vocabulary which is largely derived from Maori language for place names, animal names, Maori ritual terms, etc. , NZE is different from other varieties. • Their front vowels (/e/, /i: /, /I/, /u/, /ae/) are very short and fronted. That is why “check in” sounds like ”chicken” and ‘pen’ and ‘pin’ sound the same. Bina Nusantara
Intra-national and Intra-continental • Intra-national within the same country – Example: Yorkshire, Lancashire, in England. • Intra continental within the same continent – E. g. in the United States of America, the Southerners are easily identified from the Northeners. Bina Nusantara
Dialects There are two kinds of dialects: o Regional o Social Regional Dialects are distinguishable from their pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar Accents are differed by pronunciation alone (Can you notice some differences in the Javanese used by people from different areas of Java? ) Bina Nusantara
Social Accents In England, many centuries ago, royalties can be recognised by their regional dialects. However in the early 20 th century, regional accents were spoken by the upper class (educated people, mostly in private schools where they learned to speak RP) RP = Received Pronunciation, is the variety used by the Queen, and popularized by the BBC. Bina Nusantara
RP • Social and Regional accent variation (from Trudgill 1983) Social variation Many regional varieties at the bottom of the class People in the highest social class speak the same variety: RP Regional variation Bina Nusantara
Social Dialects Social variation • However the picture has slightly changed • In this diagram, the peak is truncated, that means the variation is used by more people—the educated upper class. This variation is called Standard English Regional variation Bina Nusantara
Standard English • Do you have a match? • Have you a match? The above sentences would be accepted by the English native speakers of the upper class as standard English (RP). In this case, the highest social class allow a variation within the member of their class. (hence, the truncated triangle) Bina Nusantara
Conclusion • There are different varieties of English: – By regions: International and Intra-national – Dialects: regional and social Bina Nusantara
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