Bibliographic citations Definition For academic purposes

Bibliographic citations • Definition: – For academic purposes, a citation or bibliographic citation is a: reference to a • book, • article, • web page or other published or • unpublished item, And includes sufficient details to uniquely identify the item

Bibliographic citations – Why? 1) To give credit to an individual’s idea(s), words or publication(s). 2) To help readers locate thought/publication that is being referred to if the readers wish to read it for themselves. 3) To verify that the thought/publication has, indeed, appeared somewhere.

And more recently …. • Plagiarism: • Copying sentences, phrases, paragraphs, tables, figures or data directly or in slightly modified form from a book, article, web site or other academic source without using quotation marks or giving proper acknowledgment to the original author or source. http: //www. ccsu. edu/Academic. Integrity/Undergrad. Acad. Misconduct. Policy. htm

Parts of a Bibliographic Citation For a Single Item • Author • Title of the item • Who Published the item • The location of the Publisher • Date of Publication For a Serialized Item • Author(s) (If no author is listed, use the next element to begin your citation) • Title of Article • Title of Publication • Volume/Issue/Pages • Date of Publication • If the item was viewed electronically, other information must be given

Challenges of electronic publications • Individuals often no longer need to consult a printed document. – So what is a volume number? – An issue number? – Why are pages important?

Finding citation elements in DATABASE records

Printed indexes, hard copies of articles and books and items retrieved from electronic databases may present the elements of bibliographic citations in different ways. But the required elements are always present.

Authors

. Authors Title of Article

Name of Publication Authors Title of Article

Date of pub. Name of Publication Authors Title of Article

Vol/issue/pages Date of pub. Name of Publication Authors Title of Article

This mess …. .

Becomes this, which is still not so straightforward

author

author Title of article

author Title of publication Title of article (often called SOURCE)

volume author Title of publication Title of article (often called SOURCE)

issue volume author Title of publication Title of article (often called SOURCE)

date issue volume author Title of publication Title of article (often called SOURCE)

pages date issue volume author Title of publication Title of article also called SOURCE)

Here’s an example of the elements of this item written as a bibliographic citation for this article (written in APA style): Fischlin, D. (2003). Rescripting Shakespeare: The text, the director, and modern productions. Theatre Research International, 28(2), 212 -213.

Citation elements for a book – this is very straightforward

Citation elements for a book – relatively straightforward What is required? Author, title, place of publication, name of the publisher, and the date of publication.

Citation elements for a book – this is very straightforward De. Lillo, D. (1986). White noise. New York: Penguin Books.

Book found on World. Cat (electronic database)

Book found on World. Cat (electronic database) Naipaul, V. S. (1995). A house for Mr. Biswas. New York: Knopf.

Hard copy of an edited book

Hard copy of an edited book Is this a complete citation? If not, what’s missing? Smith, D. L. (Ed. ). Era of the American Revolution a bibliography. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio.

Hard copy of an edited book

Hard copy of an edited book Smith, D. L. (Ed. ). (1975). Era of the American Revolution a bibliography. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio.

“In” is the important word Chapters in a book – a slight twist Greenberg, D. F. et al (2002). The generality of the self-control theory of crime. In E. Waring & D. Weisburd (Eds. ), Crime and social organization (pp. 49 -94). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. Notice: No volume number, no issue number. Why?

Database retrieval includes the elements that are required to properly cite the item – but you must know what you’re looking for.

Bower, T. (2005 Feb. 10). Pitbull victim tells of attack; DA suing for penalties, but the dog owner’s lawyer says she has paid her debt. San Antonio Express-News, 5 B. publication date page title author

Citation Styles

Article in a journal (APA Style) Author. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Vol#(issue#), pages. For example: Fischlin, D. (2003). Rescripting Shakespeare: The text, the director, and modern productions. Theatre Research International, 28(2), 212 -213. An entire book (APA Style) Author. (Year). Title of book. Place of publication: Name of Publisher. For example: Hock, R. (2005). Yahoo! To the max. Medford, NJ: Cyberage Books. Chapter in a book (APA Style) Author. (Year). Title. In editors of book (Eds. ), Title of book (pages of the chapter). Place of publication: Name of Publisher. For example: Greenberg, D. F. et al (2002). The generality of the self-control theory of crime. In E. Waring & D. Weisburd (Eds. ), Crime and social organization (pp. 49 -94). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.

Citation Aids – Trust No One (but yourself)

Article in a journal (APA Style) Author. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Vol#(issue#), pages. For example: Fischlin, D. (2003). Rescripting Shakespeare: The text, the director, and modern productions. Theatre Research International, 28(2), 212 -213. An entire book (APA Style) Author. (Year). Title of book. Place of publication: Name of Publisher. For example: Hock, R. (2005). Yahoo! To the max. Medford, NJ: Cyberage Books. Chapter in a book (APA Style) Author. (Year). Title. In editors of book (Eds. ), Title of book (pages of the chapter). Place of publication: Name of Publisher. For example: Greenberg, D. F. et al (2002). The generality of the self-control theory of crime. In E. Waring & D. Weisburd (Eds. ), Crime and social organization (pp. 49 -94). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.