Bell Ringer “Few of their children in the country learn English. . . The signs in our streets have inscriptions in both languages. . . Unless the stream of their importation could be turned they will soon so outnumber us that all the advantages we have will not be able to preserve our language, and even our government will become precarious. ” Who said this? About immigrants from what country?
What did the Founders Think About Constitutional Government? Mr. Szymanski NCUHS
Vocabulary Group 1 Constitutional government Democracy Group 2 Forms of government Limited government Parliament Group 3 Republic Unwritten Constitution Written Constitution
FRAYER MODEL Definition (in own words) Draw a picture Examples (from life) Non-examples (from life)
What were some characteristics of colonial America? - Physical distance (New York/Pennsylvania larger than England/Scotland) - Native people - Diverse backgrounds (Puritans/Quakers, French/Dutch/German/British) - Differences in agriculture (scale/leisure/slavery) - Self-reliance Q: How would each of these shape opinions of government?
How did the Founders learn about Government? • Experience w/ self-government in the colonies • Greek/Roman literature • Enlightenment thinkers
What did the Founders learn about Government? Classical Philosophy - Civic duty = highest good - Democracy class warfare people accept tyrants who offer security Natural Rights - People are born w/ right to “life, liberty, property” & form society/government to protect rights
What did the Founders learn about Government? British History - Monarchy can become democracy if they respect rights of citizens American Colonial History - Local self-government can co-exist with central authority
What did the Founders learn about Government? *Government should be the servant, not the master, of the people *A fundamental higher law, or constitution should limit government Q: In a nation in which government is the servant of the people, what obligations, if any, do the people have to the government?
From What Forms of Government Could the Founders Choose? Aristotle: Government performs 3 functions 1. Legislative=make laws 2. Judicial=judge those who break 3. Executive=carry out laws
From What Forms of Government Could the Founders Choose? 3 Forms of Govt- # who rule Right form- ruled by common good Corrupt form- ruled by private interest Rule Right Corrupt One Monarchy Tyranny Few Aristocracy Oligarchy Many Polity Democracy
From What Forms of Government Could the Founders Choose? Polybius/Cicero: promoted polity (mixed government) Montesquieu: -argues for a separation of power -England as a mixed Constitution: a. limited monarchy b. aristocracy (House of Lords) c. democracy (House of Commons)
From What Forms of Government Could the Founders Choose? -British Parliament = representative govt. Why not choose direct democracy? - History shows failure - Personal experience shows failure Representative govt ensures that those who govern are required to obey the law.
What is a constitution? Constitution: a plan of government that sets forth the structures and powers of government. Written Constitution: Controversy about intent of words written long ago Unwritten Constitution: combination of previous written laws (Britain, Israel, NZ)
How did the Founders Characterize Higher Law? - Sets forth the basic rights of citizens - Establishes the responsibility of the government to protect those rights - Establishes limitations on how those in government may use their power - It can be changed only with the consent of the citizens and according to established procedures
Critical Thinking Exercise Students (Hamilton, Franklin, or Mason) will read their quote on p. 10, and answer, then ho-group and share. 1. What view of human nature is expressed in each of these statements? 2. If you agree with the views of human nature expressed in these statements, what kind of safeguards would you include in a constitution? 3. Do you think the Founders’ concerns about government are as valid today as they were in the 1700 s? Why or Why not?
What Do You Think? Journal Response Is it important that a constitution be written? What are the advantages and disadvantages of a written constitution? Of an unwritten constitution?
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