Belief Systems Recap Animism Hinduism Buddhism Taoism Shinto Judaism Christianity Islam
What are Belief Systems? Belief Systems are organized ways to look at the world Most belief systems include a moral code, or way to live life Religions are belief systems with a God(s) Monotheistic- one god Polytheistic- more than one god
Animism Founder: None specifically- developed around the world during the Neolithic revolution Book/rules: Oral story telling Location: Africa and parts of America (Native Americans) Main ideas: -Polytheistic -Every living and nonliving thing in nature has a spirit -Often pray to ancestors for help
Shinto Founder: None specifically- evolved from tribal religions with similar beliefs Location: Started in and still practiced in Japan Book: Kokiji (Record of Ancient Matters) Main Ideas: -Everything in nature has a spirit (kami) -Polytheistic -Harmony with nature -Worship near mountains and lakes -Shrines marked by Red Torri Gates
Hinduism Founder: None specifically- result of cultural diffusion between Aryan invaders and people of the Indus River Valley Civilization Location: Started in India and is still commonly practiced there Book: Upanishads and Vedas Main Ideas: -The goal is to reach Brahmin, or universal spirit -Polytheistic- Gods help understand Brahmin -Reincarnation to keep trying to get to Brahmin -Caste System -Karma and Dharma -Ganges River is sacred
Caste System The Caste System is created to keep the social order. Reincarnation is based on Karma (all your life’s deeds) and Dharma (duties in your life). Do your dharma and you will be reincarnated at a higher place until you reach Brahmin Untouchables
Buddhism Founder: Siddhartha Gautama- Buddha, the enlightened one Book: Tripitaka, “three baskets of wisdom” Location: Developed in India but moved to Southeast Asia (cultural diffusion) Main Ideas: -The goal is to reach Nirvana -No Caste System -Reincarnation to keep trying to get to Nirvana -Life is suffering because of Desire (Four Noble Truths) -End desire with the Eightfold Path
Four Noble Truths & Eightfold Path Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path 1) All life is suffering 2) Suffering is caused by desire 3) Eliminate suffering by eliminating desire 4) Following the 8 -fold path will help overcome desire • Know that suffering is caused by desire. • Be selfless and love all life. • Do not lie, or speak without cause. • Do not kill, steal, or commit other unrighteous acts. • Do not do things which promote evil. • Take effort to promote righteousness. • Be aware of your physical actions, state of mind, and emotions. • Learn to meditate
Confucianism Goal of Confucianism is to maintain social order Founder: Confucius Book: the Analects Location: China Main Ideas: -focused on respect -accept your place in society -Five Relationships -education= advancement -Filial Piety- respect elders
Confucianism- Five Relationships Ruler Husband Father Elder Brother Subject Wife Son/ Daughter Youth Younger brother • Ruler to ruled. • Father to son. • Older brother to younger brother. • Husband to wife. • Friend to friend
Taoism (Daoism) Founder: Chinese philosopher Lao Tze Book: Tao-te-Ching Location: China Main Ideas: -Live in harmony with nature -contemplate the “way” or Tao -Yin and Yang -Link between people and nature
Tao- Yin Yang are opposites but need to be balanced Yin Yang Light Dark Male Female Heavenly Earthly Active Passive
Judaism Founder: Abraham and Moses Book: Torah (Old Testament) Location: Worldwide. Originated in Middle East near Israel Main Ideas: -Monotheistic- one God -God is all knowing -Synagogues -10 commandments -The Diaspora the
Christianity Founder: Jesus (the Messiah) Book: Bible (New Testament) Location: Worldwide. Originated in Israel Main Ideas: -Monotheistic- one God -God is all knowing -Holy Trinity- Father, Son, and Holly Spirit -Churches and sacraments -10 commandments -Eternal life and salvation
The 10 Commandments: 1. You shall have no other gods before Me. 2. You shall not make yourself any graven image, 3. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain; 4. Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy. 5. Honor your father and mother 6. You shall not commit murder. 7. You shall not commit adultery. 8. You shall not steal. 9. You shall not witness falsely against your neighbor. 10. You shall not covet your neighbor's house, or anything that is your neighbor's.
Judaism to Christianity The primary difference between the Jews and Christians is that the Jews do NOT think the Messiah has come
Islam Founder: Muhammad Book: Quran/Koran Location: Worldwide but primarily in the Middle East Originated on Arabian Peninsula Main Ideas: -Monotheistic- one God (Allah) -God is all knowing -Mosques -Five Pillars -the Hajj -Sharia Law -Sunni and Shiite Islam
Islam The Five Pillars are the moral code of Islam Pilgrimage to Mecca Alms to the poor One God Allah Pray 5 times a day Fast during Ramadan
*Key Concept* Belief systems help keep order in society They often provide moral codes or ways to live
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