Belgian approach GHG and certification scheme for biomass Biomass & Waste Competence Yves Ryckmans yves. ryckmans@laborelec. com. Waste Competence. Centre Biomass and Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 1 LABORELEC
WOOD PELLETS about 700 kt/y Gent Liège LES AWIRS 80 MW = 100% RODENHUIZE 80 MW = 25% Both plants commissioned in Aug 2005 LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 2
Belgium: green certificates Flanders : obligation 3, 75% x 50 TWh= 1, 875 TWh, 1 GC=125 € § green certificates granted according to energy balance of supply chain and reference STAG PP Wallonia : obligation 7, 00% x 23, 5 TWh=1, 65 TWh, 1 GC=100€ § green certificates granted according to proven sustainability, CO 2 balance of supply chain and reference STAG PP § All fuels have reference CO 2 emission according to LCA § Natural gas = 251 kg. CO 2/MWhp § Coal = 396 kg. CO 2/MWhp § Wood pellets = 55 kg. CO 2/MWhp 55 251 LABORELEC 55% Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 3
Specific rate of fossile GHG generation in kg CO 2 eq/MWh primary energy (CWa. PE-WAL) v. NON FOSSILE kg. CO 2/MWhp %green cert v wind/solar/hydraulics 0 100 v organic biodegradable matters 0 100 v milling 4 98 v transport on max. 200 km 5 97 v drying 10 94 v corn crops 22 87 v wood 23 87 v cultivated wood (short rotation coppices) 45 v coleseed oil 65 63 v bio-diesel 80 54 v. FOSSILE v natural gas 251 v gasoil 306 v light fuel oil 310 v heavy fuel oil 320 v coal 385 74 the reference LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 4
Sustainability principles implemented by Electrabel q Origin of raw material • primary product or residue • bio-fuel or waste • rely on international certification • FSC, PEFC, … q Energy/CO 2 balance of supply chain • electricity use • fossil primary energy use • transport LABORELEC Independent reporting ec ty rel ili bo nab La stai cate Su rtifi Ce q Certified or at least evidence for responsible management of the forests including afforestation plans q Controlled impact on environment (soil, air, water) q Enforcement of legislations Track & trace system Electrabel Fuel Logistics q Traceability Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 5
Independent inspection of supply chain Raw material LABORELEC Pellets Transport Harbour Biomass and Waste Competence Centre Power Plant © Laborelec – 2008 – 6
Energy use of biomass supply Transport of raw material: v. Avg. distance v. Max. distance Pelleting: v. Electricity/ton pellets (and origin) v. Fossile/ton pellets v. Biomass/ton pellets Transport of pellets: v Distance to harbour v Truck or train Awirs Sea transport: v Capacity in tons v Distance in miles v Number of days of sea v Consumption/sea day Flatboat from ARAG: v Avg. diesel use LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 7
Energy balance in MWh eqv electricity ¢ Electricity use always subtracted x 100% from net green power ¢ Fossil fuel for production and transported subtracted x 55% with respect to ref. STAG power plant with = 55 % efficiency Phase Germany NL Baltic Sweden Russia Canada 150 130 170 200 120 Local transport 2 5 3 17 17 Sea-River transport 6 50 60 60 125 TOTAL 158 185 233 277 262 GROSS (38%) 1800 1800 Granted GC 91% 90% 87% 85% Pelletising LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 8
CO 2 balance in kg. CO 2/MWh primary energy ¢ Green certificates are calculated on the base of avoided CO 2 with respect to ref. STAG power plant and ref. CO 2 for biomass ¢ Legal reference Wallonia for imported wood pellets: 55= 65% Phase Germany Baltic Sweden Russia Canada Pelletising 11 13 15 20 13 Local transport 1 1 2 2 2 Sea/River transport 4 6 5 7 15 River transport 2 2 2 TOTAL 18 22 24 31 32 89% 86% 84% 80% 79% Granted GC LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 9
Conclusions Ø A certification scheme for imported biomass is needed and must avoid non sense: v it is not expensive ( < 0, 5 €/ton) v can be fast ( < 2 weeks) Ø Do not try to make the whole world perfect when certifying: v implement first a scheme that works in practice and is affordable v then improve the certification scheme in time Ø Care at least for: v energy balance or CO 2 balance for the supply chain v overall traceability of the primary resources v independent report over local resource management and respect of local and international legislations LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 10
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