Belfast Presented by Anna Horstkotte Stephanie Kampmann Anja

Belfast Presented by: Anna Horstkotte, Stephanie Kampmann, Anja Kramer and Melanie Neuhaus

Overview Introduction II. History III. Religious Conflict IV. Politics and Economy V. Tourism VI. Belfast Dialect I.

I. Introduction - Geography Capital of Northern Ireland Ø located in the East of Northern Ireland Ø Belfast Lough at the mouth of River Lagan Ø ringed by high hills, sea lough and river valley Ø

Geography Province of Ulster Ø Population Ø l l city of Belfast: 275. 000 people greater Belfast area: 550. 000 people

II. History 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Early History Founding of the City Expansion during the Industrial Time The 20 th Century The Second World War Recent History

1. Early History Ø the side of Belfast has been occupied since the Bonze Ages Ø in 1177 a Norman Fortress was founded

2. Founding of the City Ø in 1603 Belfast is founded by English and Scottish settlers Ø plan of Sir Arthur Chinester to colonise and remove Irish Catholics from the land Ø tension with the existing Irish Catholic population, rebellion in 1641 Ø later small number of French Hugenots settle, fleeing persecution

3. Expansion during the Industrial Time Ø in the 19 th Century Belfast becomes Ireland’s pre-eminent industrial city Ø migrants come to Belfast from all across Ireland, Scotland England Ø in that period first outbreaks of sectarian riots Ø in 1901 Belfast is the largest city in Ireland

4. The 20 th Century Belfast becomes the center of Irish unionism Ø in 1922 Belfast is declared the capital of Northern Ireland Ø period after the partition is marked by vicious sectarian disturbance and dramatic hardening of the city’s sectarian boundaries Ø after the creation of Northern Ireland many Catholics leave the city Ø Belfast suffers during the Great Depression Ø

5. The Second World War Ø During the second world war Belfast is one of the main cities bombed by the Germans in the United Kingdom Ø Belfast is a target because of its concentration on heavy shipbuilding and aerospace industry

6. Recent History in the early 1980 th devastation of the city’s economy due to general decline of manufacturing industry Ø in 1997 unionists loose control of the Belfast City Council for the first time in history Ø since then two Catholic mayors: one from the SDLP and one from the Sinn Féin Ø in 1994 ceasefires, although communal segregation has continued and occasional low level street violence still occurs Ø

III. Religious Conflict Overview 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Cultural/ Religious Groupings The partition of Ireland Religion and Class Policing Situation in 2004

1. Cultural/ Religious Groupings Main Churches: Ø Catholic Church The Church of Ireland (Protestant Anglican) The Presbyterian Church The Methodist Church Ø Protestant/ Unionist The Apprentice Boysof Derry The Orange Order The Royal Black Institution Ø Catholic/ Nationalist The Ancient Order of Hibernians

2. The Partition of Ireland Origins of the troubles - debate over whether Ireland, or part of Ireland, should be part of the United Kingdom Ø Some Irish felt anger over their treatment by the British Ø 1922 – partition of Ireland into two seperate regions, one of them “Northern Ireland“ Ø Northern Ireland - self-governing region of the United Kingdom Ø Nationalists – illegal and immoral division of the island against the will of its people Ø

3. Religion and Class Ø Clear divide in terms of religion Ø Left-right divide between the various communities Ø Northern Ireland of the 1960 s needed change: Civil Rights Movement (moderate nationalists): wide reforms Republicans: radical change

4. Policing Ø Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) – largely Protestant Ø Catholics did not join in the numbers expected by the British Ø Policing review – some reforms of policing Ø Renaming of the RUC – avoid using the word “Royal“

5. Situation in 2004 Ø Irish and British Government continue to seek a solution Ø Good Friday Agreement: period that came after the Troubles, the Northern Ireland peace process Ø “Marching Seasons“: anti- Catholic Orange Order Parade through various neighbourhoods;

IV. Politics and Economy 1. Politics 51 councillors elected to Belfast City Council in the local goverment elections in 2005 Ø l l l l 15 Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) 14 Sinn Féin 8 Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) 7 Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) 4 Alliance Party 2 Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) 1 Independent

1. Politics Ø 4 UK parliamentary and Assembly constituencisies (North, West, South & East Belfast) Ø In the general election 2005 they elected 2 DUP MP´s, 1 SDLP MP & 1 Sinn Féin MP

2. Economy Ø Port and shipbuilding industry very important Ø The world´s largest drydock is located in the city (Titanic & Thomas Andrews) Ø famous for linen industry and rope-making Ø Tourism is also important for the city

V. Tourism 1. 2. 3. 4. Transport & Hotels Top 5 things to do Ulster Museum Events

1. Transport & Hotels You can travel by: Plane Ø Train Ø Car Ø Ship Many opportunities to stay: Ø Bed & Breakfast Ø self catering Ø Guesthouses Ø Hotels up to 5* Ø

2. Top 5 things to do 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. visit Belfasts historical sights go to Ulster Museum shopping make a trip around the pubs enjoy the nightlife in the city

3. Ulster Museum Ø Museum was opened 1833 Ø It got the name “Ulster Museum“ in 1962 as it was transferred to trustees Ø the museum now has 8. 000 square meters Ø Exhibition of a big collection of ethnographic items, arts, archaeology, geology etc. Ø It has the status of being Northern Irelands national museum

4. Events Ø Dance l World Irish Dancing Championship Ø Music l Festivals, Opera, Musicals Ø Sports l Belfast city Marathon

VI. Belfast Dialect Inculdes a number of features of Ulster Scots origin Ø Vocabulary: mebbe (maybe), thon (than), yer (your), ay (yes) and ye (you) Ø gramatical and syntactical features: for til and for to (e. g. „I‘m waiting on ye for til wash the car. “ or „He‘s come over for to see the film. “) Ø Avoiding auxiliaries shall, ought and may Ø use of is and was (e. g. „Yer man and me is…“ or „Him and me eats everything. “) Ø

Bibliography Ø http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Belfast Ø http: //www. geographia. com/northern- ireland/ukibel 00. htm Ø http: //www. scotsonline. org/grammar/belfast. htm Ø www. gotobelfast. com