Belarusian State Medical University PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT FOR ONCOHEMATOLOGICAL PATIENTS DURING CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED NEUTROPENIA Irina Belyavskaya, 2206 group The pediatric faculty
Objectives • To review the publications about the infections in hematological patients during chemotherapyinduced neutropenia.
Materials and methods • We analyzed scientific articles on the topic of the characteristics, hygiene care, isolation of patients, prophylactic use of antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral drugs.
Introduction • Neutropenia is one of the complications of cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with hematologic malignancies, which may lead to death. To solve the problem antibiotic therapy is introdused
Chemotherapy Neutropenia Infections
Signs and symptoms Common presenting symptoms of neutropenia include the following: Low-grade fever Sore mouth Odynophagia Gingival pain and swelling Skin abscesses Recurrent sinusitis and otitis Symptoms of pneumonia (eg, cough, dyspnea) Perirectal pain and irritation
Miscellaneous agents Antitumor antibiotics: Anthracyclines, anthracene derivatives Anthracenedione derivatives Miscellaneous compounds Methotrexate Alkylating agents Antimetabolites Vinca alkaloids Podophyllotoxin derivates Chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies
Different patients are at different risk of acquiring neutropenia
Neutropenia may occur in case of the following hematological malignancies Myeloid Neoplasms Lymphoid Neoplasms Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Infectious agents Protozoas • Bacteria • Fungi • Viruses Helminthes
Factors of neutropenia development
To access blood from neutropenia the samples are freezed and then placed to the cryobank
Treatment antifungal antiviral
Antiviral and antifungal drugs Ganciclovir Foscarnet CMV Candida albicans Aspergillus fumigatus
Cell technologies in Hematology Worked: Allogeneic transplantation from donors genidentity Allogeneic transplantation from an unrelated donor freidenrich Methods infusion of donor lymphocytes Transplantation of unrelated PC Methods of partial T-Deplete T-depleted haploidentical transplantation In development: Induction of tolerance/anergy Vaccination of dendritic cells Transplantation of mesenchymal cells
The development of new diagnostic techniques and treatment of patients, prevention of genetic, immune, haematological and oncological diseases requires reliable scientific knowledge and methods of evidencebased medicine.
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