Скачать презентацию Belarus History 100 -40 thousand years B
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Скачать презентацию Belarus History 100 -40 thousand years B
Скачать презентацию Belarus History 100 -40 thousand years B
Belarus
History 100 -40 thousand years B. C. - The emergence of the first people on the territory of Belarus. Before IX century here lived Slavic Union of. Dregovichy, Kryvichy and Radimichi. The first states - Polotsk, Turov and Smolensk. Polotsk known since 862 years. The end of X century - spread of Christianity in Belarus, which contributed to the development of culture, the emergence of monumental stone architecture, painting and literature. At the beginning of XI century, Sophia Cathedral was built in Polotsk - the first monumental structure on the Belarusian land. Master craftsman Lazar Bogsha created the unique cross for Enlightener Euphrosyne of Polotsk - a masterpiece of East Slavic crafts. Christian writers of the most famous preachers Cyril of Turov. First half of the XIII century – emergence of Belarusian.
The beginning of the XIII century - Belarusian lands became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The capital of the new state was the city of Vilna (now Vilnius). The official language from the middle of XIV till the end of XVII century was old Belarusian language. End of XIV - early XV century - the period of the greatest power of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (the reign of Duke Vytautas). Middle of the XVI century - the union of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland (Union of Lublin). Established a new federal state - Rzeczpospolita. Actively carried out land reforms, intensive development of the city, urban crafts and trade. Under the influence of the Reformation, there is religious tolerance. The end of XVI century - Orthodox Church of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania recognizes the primacy of the Pope (Brest Church Union). It meets resistance in Orthodox circles, and together with the effects of the difficult economic situation leads to a feudal war. The middle of XVII century - the war with Russia, which resulted in a severe economic crisis and demographic (population Belarus decreased by half).
National holidays Constitution Day March 15, 1994 the Constitution of the independent Republic of Belarus was adopted Day of Unity of Peoples of Belarus and Russia The most important holiday of the Union State of Belarus and Russia celebrated on April 2. On this day in 1996, Russian President Boris Yeltsin and Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko signed a pact of Belarus and Russia. A year later, April 2, 1997, was signed the Treaty of the Union of Belarus and Russia, which was the basis of the integration processes of the two states. Day of the National Flag of the Republic of Belarus and the State Emblem of the Republic of Belarus 2 nd Sunday in May - Day of the National Flag of the Republic of Belarus and the State Emblem of the Republic of Belarus. The holiday is dedicated to the main symbols of the country that embody the idea of national unity and are essential attributes of sovereignty and independence of Belarus.
Victory Day May 9 Belarus celebrates victory over fascism in the Great Patriotic War (World War II). For the country it is one of the most revered date as victory came at great cost - killed every third Belarusian. Independence Day In Belarus Independence Day - the main national holiday. It is celebrated on July 3 - the day of liberation in 1944 the city of Minsk from the Nazi invaders. The main event of the holiday - a solemn parade. In Minsk, it is held on Victor's Avenue and recalls that the Belarusian people at the cost of unimaginable loss won freedom of the country, demonstrates the achievements of the sovereign Belarus
Holidays and Memorable Days in Belarus January 1 - New Year. January 7 - Christmas (Orthodox). February 23 - Day of Fatherland Defenders and Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus. Although the main characters of the day is the military, it is a holiday of all men. March 8 - Women's Day. The holiday was established shortly after the 1917 revolution. In modern Belarus March 8 is a holiday of spring an women.
Famous Belarusians Belarus has long been renowned for their talents. For many centuries, from day to day, these people have made an invaluable contribution to the cultural heritage of the country, creating an unique, and attractive Slavic culture. Their names are well known not only in their native country, but also far beyond its borders: in France, America, Russia, Poland, Latvia, Germany, Israel and many other countries. Euphrosyne of Polotsk, Francis Skaryna, Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Adam Mickiewicz, Marc Chagall, Kazimir Malevich, Yakub Kolas, Yanka Kupala, Vasil Bykov – there are hundreds of people that we are proud of and respect. But along with the heroes of the past new extraordinary and interesting personalities appear. Victoria Azarenka, Oleg Antonenko, Vyacheslav Hleb, Darya Domracheva are among them.
Today, one can hardly find a person who is not familiar with the work of Marc Chagall. His paintings are interesting and ambiguous. They hit their depth and romance. Dreamy, floating and light. . . Marc Chagall’s home town is Vitebsk, where he met his muse Bella Rosenfeld, whose image was captured in many of his paintings. It is difficult to describe the artistic style of Marc Chagall, there are elements of Cubism, Fauvism, Surrealism, the avant-garde. A sort of mosaic of styles and colors.
Marc Chagall was born July 7, 1887 to a Jewish family near Vitebsk. Mark Shagall mastered art in Vitebsk, St. Petersburg and Paris. In Paris, he spent most of his time. In 1917, the artist returned to Vitebsk, In July 1920, Chagall left for Moscow and organized here Jewish Chamber Theater, painted the seven panels, curtains and ceiling. In 1922, Chagall left Russia, lives in Kaunas, Berlin and Paris, where he was actively engaged in artistic activities. His exhibitions were held in many European cities. In 1937, Chagall received French citizenship, but because of the Nazi occupation of France, in 1941, he moved to New York. In America died his wife Bella. It was hard time for him.
In 1973, the artist visited Moscow and Leningrad. There he had an exhibition at the Tretyakov Gallery. This year is the grand opening of the museum, "The Biblical message of Marc Chagall" in Nice. March 25, 1985 the artist died in Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France. However Vitebsk will remain the main city of the artist: "Vitebsk. . . How sad wanderer - I just carried all the years of your breath on my paintings. And since you and I talked, and, like a dream, you have seen. "(Marc Chagall manifesto "To my city of Vitebsk, " 1944. ) Marc Chagall's works are in many countries. However, those who want to get acquainted closer with works of the artist, can visit the home of Marc Chagall Museum in Vitebsk. The museum contains a rich collection of works of the artist, details about his life and work. The time you spend in the Marc Chagall’s Museum, will give you pleasure and charge you with creativity.
Religion in Belarus The most common religion in the country is Christianity. Christian’s confessions in Belarus: Orthodoxy Catholicism Uniatism Reformed Faith Among other religions, the most common are: Judaism Islam Belarus has 25 religious denominations, the total number of religious communities at the beginning of 2012 amounted to more than 3. 3 thousand
Orthodoxy Orthodox religion is the most common in Belarus. There are more than thousands of Orthodox churches and monasteries, and every year the number increases. The most famous monuments and architectural attractions of Belarus reflect the tradition of Orthodoxy. Freedom of religion and religious tolerance In Belarus, the freedom of religion is guaranteed by the Constitution. The number of believers is increasing every year the number of believers. Constantly evolving network of educational institutions, in which representatives of various faiths can receive religious education. Belarusian State University Institute of Theology of Saints Cyril and Methodius. It is operated under the auspices of the Belarusian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church and its rector is Metropolitan Filaret, theological education there can ge t. Orthodox, Catholic and Uniate students practicing Orthodox, Catholic and Uniate Church. The state supports the positive initiatives of different religions.
Climate and weather Temperate continental climate in Belarus, which is formed under the influence of the Atlantic air masses characterize the rainy cool summers, mild winters with frequent thaws, unstable weather in the fall and winter. The air temperature The average temperature varies depending on the regions of Belarus. In July the average temperature is between +17 ° C in the north to +18, 5 ° C in the south. The average temperature in January varies from -4, 5 ° C in the south-west to -8 ° C in the north-east.
In Belarus, the average annual rainfall of 600 -700 mm. 70% of rain falls between April and October. Number of snow days in Belarus from 75 in the southwest to 125 in the north-east. Maximum snow depth, respectively, from 15 to 30 cm The best time to travel to Belarus Summer recreation favorable time period with an average temperature above 15 ° C increases in the direction from northeast to south-west - with 70 -89 days to 90 -95 days Lakeland in central Belarus and 96 -114 days in the region is described. Average daily water temperature in summer in all waters above 17 ° C, and in July is 19 -22 ° C. Favorable for a winter holiday period with a temperature of -5 to -15 ° C ranges from 30 days in the southwest up to 60 days in the north-east, and in the cold of winter he can grow up to 130 days.
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