Behaviourist approach to the process of teaching and of learning omina Tatyana 3 TEMP
is a theory expounded by the psychologist B F Skinner, who argued that cause and effect is what controls behaviour, not the mind or reasoning
Behaviourism is based on the proposition that behaviour can be researched scientifically. Learning is an automatic process which does not involve any cognitive processes in the brain. The keyword to Behaviourism is “conditioning” or “training. ” The story about Pavlov’s dogs illustrates this idea. Pavlov’s “Respondent Conditioning” results from the association of two stimuli, such as causing dogs to salivate at the sound a tuning fork. Skinner developed “Operant Conditioning” where the “Stimulus-Response” association is elicited through selective reinforcement (rewards or punishments) to shape behaviour
1. Language is learnt only through use or practice. The more the learner is exposed to the use the better the chances of learning it. 2. The production of language depends on the situation, which makes its use necessary. Language cannot be taught in divorce from situation; the teacher has to introduce each new pattern of language in a meaningful situation. 3. Producing the correct linguistic response also requires effort. If the learner is not called upon to make this effort there is no learning. 4. Producing the correct response also requires attention. Attention is bound to slacken after a time to prolong. So prolonged practice is less useful than spaced practice. 5. The spoken language comes earlier than the written, and the receptive (passive) experience of language is necessary before any productive (active) use can begin. 6. Learning takes place faster if the correct response toward stimulus is confirmed. The learner must know at once if his effort is right or wrong (rewarded). 7. Learning is still faster if the learner is placed to the situation where he can produce only the correct response. Each incorrect response builds up a faculty behaviour pattern, which interfere with the process of conditioning. 8. Every new item learnt must be reinforced by further practice before further learning begins.
Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning
The Behaviourist view in terms of teaching includes highly-structured lesson plans. Strategies include approaches such as lectures, demonstrations and directed instruction. This can include punishing bad behaviour and encouraging good behaviour. This will preserve healthy teacher pupil boundaries. The Behaviourist approach to teaching is easy to evaluate, for it is structured, directed and concrete.
The Behaviourist approach is only one theory that can be applied to teaching and learning. More able students might become fidgety if too much Behaviourism is applied. There are other approaches that can be used such as the Cognitivist or Humanist approach, but no lesson plan can work if it is completely Behavioural-free. A little discipline helps keep the lesson structured and moving along.
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