Behavioral Methods for Changing Respondent Behavior Dr. Alan H. Teich Chapter 6
Factors Influencing Respondent Conditioning • Strength of the CR • Relevance of US-CS relations • Overshadowing • Blocking • Latent inhibition
Second Order Conditioning Foie Gras UCR: Dislike UCS CR Geese Ducks CR
Conditioned Emotional Responses (CERs) • Learning • Biological / genetic factors
Functional Analyses in Respondent Behavior • Antecedents: original or generalized CSs • Measuring antecedents • Assessing respondent behaviors • Consequences
Operant and Classical Control of Substance Abuse • Operant control • Take Rx pleasant feeling eliminate withdrawal • Respondent control • Rx paraphernalia
Respondent Conditioning and Chemotherapy • Chemotherapy used with cancer patients can cause nausea as a side effect • anticipatory nausea can cause sickness just prior to treatment • food aversion can develop with tastes associated with treatment
Extinction and Counterconditioning Methods • Extinction • Flooding • Systematic desensitization • Vicarious desensitization
Hierarchy of Fear of Heights 1. Standing at a closed upper-floor window and looking out. (SUDS = 5) 2. Standing on a stepladder, 3 feet from the floor, to change a light bulb. (SUDS = 15) 3. Standing on a balcony near the railing, several stories above the ground. (SUDS = 25) 4. Walking on flat ground above a mountain cliff, 20 feet from the edge. (SUDS = 35)
Hierarchy of Fear of Heights (continued) 5. Walking on flat ground above a mountain cliff, 5 feet from the edge. (SUDS = 45) 6. Hiking on a steep trail. When cliffs are very near, there are guard rails. (SUDS = 55) 7. Being a passenger in a car traveling at the speed limit on a narrow and winding mountain road. When cliffs occur, there are guard rails. (SUDS = 65)
Hierarchy of Fear of Heights (continued) 8. Being on an extension ladder outside a house, cleaning a second-story window. (SUDS = 75) 9. Climbing up a 50 -foot high water tower, using a ladder with handrails. (SUDS = 85) 10. Standing on a moderately sloped roof of a house. (SUDS = 95)
Tips on Using Systematic Desensitization • Make sure those involved understand the • • • procedure, its purpose, and its effectiveness Personalize the hierarchy Maximize experience with the CS Use imaginal CSs when necessary but prefer in vivo stimuli Have an assistant present if SUDs are high Keep CS rankings available for reference
Tips on Using Systematic Desensitization (continued) • Make sure the target individual has mastered • • the relaxation exercises Do not rush through the procedure Do not make sessions too long Schedule sessions at least once or twice per week Withdraw the CS if the person cannot relax in the presence of it - reassess your strategy
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