Before Reading 1. Listening Comprehension 2. Discussion 3. Background Information Albert Camus Jean Paul Satre Existential Philosophy Random House Cadillac Las Vegas Theme Park FBI 4. Topic-related Prediction
Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the passage and answer the questions. 1. Why do so many people become gamblers, according to the passage? 2. Who benefited from the increasingly popular gambling? 3. What problems may pathological gamblers bring? ■
Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the passage Gambling is becoming increasingly popular throughout the and answer the questions. world. Many people have friends or family members who have gambling problems. This increase can be attributed to the 1. Why do so many people become gamblers, according to the legalization of gambling in many countries and associated rapid passage? increase in gambling facilities such as casinos and slot 2. Who benefited from the increasingly popular gambling? machines. It is true that gambling has brought income to some 3. What problems may pathological gamblers bring? people such as American Indians, but it has brought very serious problems for both individuals and society as a whole. Increasing number of people are becoming addicted to gambling, bringing a whole gamut of problems. Pathological gamblers may develop stress related to medical conditions such as peptic ulcers, depression, and alcoholism. Pathological gamblers may also evidence anti-social behavior, leaving regular employment and even engaging in criminal activities to support their habit. And they often cause harm to their families and friends.
Discussion Directions: Look at the pictures. Discuss in groups the following questions. 1. How do the pictures strike you? 2. What makes gambling so appealing to some people? 3. What might be the disastrous consequences of gambling?
Albert Camus His philosophical view: There is only one really serious philosophical question, and that is suicide. Deciding whether or not life is worth living is to answer the fundamental question in philosophy. All other questions follow from that. His literary view: A novel is never anything but a philosophy put into images. the French writer and philosopher
His life: 1913 born in Algeria, into a working-class family 1935 -1939 received his diploma from the University of Algiers in philosophy; joined the Communist Party World War II a member of the French resistance published the novel The Stranger, concerning the absurdity of the human condition a reader and editor; editted the newspaper Combat 1942 1943 1947 resigned from Combat and published the novel The Plague 1957 won the Nobel Prize for literature 1960 died
Jean Paul Satre His philosophical view “existence is prior to essence”: we are responsible for the choices and for our emotional lives. In a godless universe life has no meaning or purpose beyond the goals that each man sets for himself. Only one who chooses to assume responsibility of acting in a particular situation makes effective use of one's freedom. His literary view: The goal of art is to recover this world by giving it to be seen not as it is, but as if it had its source in human freedom. the French novelist, playwright, philosopher, and literary critic
His life: June 21, 1905 born in Paris World War II imprisoned in Germany, but released in 1941 1943 published Being and Nothingness 1947 published his best-known book of literary criticism: QU'EST CE QUE LA LITTÉRATURE traveled in China 1955 published his philosophic work Critique of Dialectical 1960 Reason was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature, but he 1964 declined the award in protest of the values of bourgeois society was arrested because of selling on the streets the 1970 forbidden Maoist paper La cause du peuple April 15, 1980 died in Paris
Existential philosophy A philosophy that emphasizes the uniqueness and isolation of the individual experience in a hostile or indifferent universe, regards human existence as unexplainable, and stresses freedom of choice and responsibility for the consequences of one's acts.
Random House is one of the world’s largest publishers of the English language and the general-interest books. It is a publishing subsidiary of Bertelsmann AG, a large German media conglomerate. Random House entered reference publishing in 1947 with the American College Dictionary, which was followed in 1966 by its first unabridged dictionary. It publishes today the Random House Webster's Unabridged and Random House Webster's College dictionaries. Random House owns many of the most prestigious and profitable book publishing companies in the United States. Random House has published books by a wide array of 20 th century American writers. ■
Cadillac A large and US make of car. Owning a Cadillac is seen by Americans as a sign of wealth and success. The Cadillac was first produced in 1903 in Detroit by the Cadillac Motor Car Company and is now made by the General Motors Corporation.
Las Vegas is the largest city in Nevada and the center of one of the fastest-growing urban areas in the United States. Revenue from hotels, gambling, entertainment, theme parks, resorts, and other tourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of the economy. The nightclubs, casinos, and championship boxing matches are world famous, and entertainment enterprises have led to an increasing array of music, sports, gambling, and amusement centers up and down the main the city succeeded in the 1990 s in redefining itself as a "strip, “ as family resort, complete with monorail (opened in 2004). The city is also the commercial hub of a ranching and mining area and has diverse manufacturing, including gaming equipment. ■
Theme Park A theme park is an amusement park in which all the settings and attractions have a central theme, such as the world of the future. Typical examples are the Disneyland theme parks in California and Florida.
FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), division of the U. S. Dept. of Justice, is in charge of investigating all violations of federal laws except those assigned to some other federal agency. The FBI has jurisdiction over some 185 investigative matters, among which are espionage, sabotage, and other subversive activities; kidnapping; extortion; bank robbery; interstate transportation of stolen property; civil-rights matters; interstate gambling violations; and fraud against the government. Created (1908) as the Bureau of Investigation, it originally conducted investigations only for the Justice Department. In 1935 it was designated the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The FBI played an important role in raising the standards of local police units through its FBI Academy. ■
Topic-related Prediction Text A is entitled “Going for Broke”. How do you understand the word “broke”? What will the passage be about, judging from the title?
Global Reading 1. Part Division of the Text 2. Further Understanding For Part 1 Questions and Answers For Part 2 Blank-Filling For Part 3 True or False 3. Text analysis
Part Division of the Text Parts Lines Main Ideas The authors give a brief account of the 1 1 — 18 life experience of a hard-core gambler named Rex Coile. The authors expound the problem of gambling addiction, its causes and its attendant steep social price. 2 3 19 — 85 86 — 111 Through further discussion of the example of Rex, the authors reinforce the essay's thesis that the life of compulsive gamblers is a narrow box. Once trapped inside, they will never get out.
Questions and Answers 1. How do the authors begin the passage? 2. What did Rex use to be? How long has he been addicted to gambling? 3. What changes have occurred in Rex’s life since he became addicted to gambling? 4. Why is Rex Coile nicknamed “Rex Trivia”? 5. If he had not been addicted to gambling, what would Rex’s life be like now?
Blank-Filling 1. The prevalence of gambling in America: _______________________________ all over the country; nearly every state; from Las Vegas to Indian reservations, from the riverboats along the Mississippi to corner _______________________________ mini-marts _______________ 2. The estimated number of gambling addicts: _______________________________ 4. 4 million compulsive gamblers; another 11 million problem gamblers; still soaring _______________________________ 3. The causes for the prevalence: _______________________________ government’s sanction of some form of legalized gambling to raise revenues; loss of self-control of the gamblers; no remedy _______________________________
4. The bad consequences of gambling: 1) money losses: 50. 9 billion dollars a year; money vanishing _______________________________ 2) family problems: _______________________________ child abuse; murder; suicide; domestic violence; suffocating debts; exasperated, overwhelmed and humiliated spouses who fight the _______________________________ family problem alone, bleeding inside and even thinking of killing _______________________________ their husbands _______________________________ 3) social harm: _______________________________ society paying a steep price; embezzlement, bogus insurance, bankruptcies, welfare fraud, other social and criminal ills; higher _______________________________ suicide rates _______________________________
True or False 1. Rex Coile has no alternative but to kill himself since he is heavily indebted. ( ) F He is not about to kill himself, but occasionally thinks about it. 2. Lost in gambling, Rex has come down in the world. Otherwise, he would have become successful in his career. ( ) T 3. Rex was arrested and put in prison for domestic violence and child abuse. ( ) F He was arrested and imprisoned for a short stint because he aided another gambler to rob a bank.
4. At a poker table in Gardena, Rex lost some money first but later he began to win. ( ) T 5. Rex finally decided to leave the poker table at 2 A. M. and quit ( ) gambling. F He hesitated for some time, but finally decided to continue with his gambling.
Text analysis Cohesive devices are important to achieve unity of the whole text. Analyze the text and find out how the three parts of the text are connected. In the text, restatement or partial repetition is used as cohesive tie to hold the three parts together an integral whole. It can be illustrated as following: 1) Part II coheres with Part I by the first sentence of Paragraph 5: “And their numbers are soaring as gambling explodes across in America”, which corresponds with the last sentence of Paragraph 4 “There’s a lot of Rexes around these card rooms”. 2) In the same way, Part III coheres with Part II by the first sentence of Paragraph 16: “Rex Trivia is not about to kill himself…”, which corresponds with the ending part of Paragraph 15: “… showed significantly higher suicide rates than people …
The following article is based on a seven-month nationwide investigation of gambling in America. The stories it tells offer a grim picture of what can happen to those who become addicted to gambling.
Going for Broke Matea Gold and David Ferrell Rex Coile's life is a narrow box, so dark and confining he wonders how he got trapped inside, whether he'll ever get out. He never goes to the movies, never sees concerts, never lies on a sunny beach, never travels on vacation, never spends Christmas with his family. Instead, Rex shares floor space in cheap motels with other compulsive gamblers, comforting himself with delusional dreams of jackpots that will magically wipe away three decades of wreckage. He has lost his marriage, his home, his Cadillac, his clothes, his diamond ring. Not least of all, in the card clubs of Southern California, he has lost his pride.
Rex no longer feels sorry for himself, not after a 29 -year losing streak that has left him scrounging for table scraps to feed his habit. Still, he agonizes over what he has become at 54 and what he might have been. Articulate, intellectual, he talks about existential philosophy, the writings of Camus and Sartre. He was once an editor at Random House. His mind is so jam packed with tidbits about movies, television, baseball and history that card room regulars call him "Rex Trivia, " a name he cherishes for the remnant of self-respect it gives him. "There's a lot of Rexes around these card rooms, " he says in a whisper of resignation and sadness.
And their numbers are soaring as gambling explodes across America, from the mega-resorts of Las Vegas to the gaming parlors of Indian reservations, from the riverboats along the Mississippi to the corner mini-marts selling lottery tickets. With nearly every state in the union now sanctioning some form of legalized gambling to raise revenues, evidence is mounting that society is paying a steep price, one that some researchers say must be confronted, if not reversed. Never before have bettors blown so much money — a whopping $50. 9 billion last year — five times the amount lost in 1980. That's more than the public spent on movies, theme parks, recorded music and sporting events combined. A substantial share of those gambling losses — an estimated 30% to 40% — pours from the pockets and purses of chronic losers hooked on the adrenaline rush of risking their money, intoxicated by the fast action of gambling's incandescent world.
Studies place the total number of compulsive gamblers at about 4. 4 million, about equal to the nation's ranks of hard-core drug addicts. Another 11 million, known as problem gamblers, teeter on the verge. Since 1990, the number of Gamblers Anonymous groups nationwide has doubled from about 600 to more than 1, 200. Compulsive gambling has been linked to child abuse, domestic violence, embezzlement, bogus insurance claims, bankruptcies, welfare fraud and a host of other social and criminal ills. The advent of Internet gambling could lure new legions into wagering beyond their means.
Every once in a while, a case is so egregious it makes headlines: A 10 -day-old baby girl in South Carolina dies after being left for nearly seven hours in a hot car while her mother plays video poker. A suburban Chicago woman is so desperate for a bankroll to gamble that she allegedly suffocates her 7 -weekold daughter 11 days after obtaining a $200, 000 life-insurance policy on the baby. Science has begun to uncover clues to compulsive gambling — genetic predispositions that involve chemical receptors in the brain, the same pleasure pathways implicated in drug and alcohol addiction. But no amount of knowledge, no amount of enlightenment, makes the illness any less confounding, any less destructive. What the gamblers cannot understand about themselves is also well beyond the comprehension of family members, who struggle for normality in a world of deceit and madness.
Money starts vanishing: $500 here, $200 there, $800 a couple of weeks later. Where is it? The answers come back vague, nonsensical. It's in the desk at work. A friend borrowed it. It got spent on family dinners, car repairs, loans to in-laws. Exasperated spouses play the sleuth, combing through pockets, wallets, purses, searching the car. Sometimes the incriminating evidence turns up — a racing form, lottery scratchers, a map to an Indian casino. Once the secret is uncovered, spouses usually fight the problem alone, bleeding inside, because the stories are too humiliating to share.
"Anybody who is living with a compulsive gambler is totally overwhelmed, " says Tom Tucker, president of the California Council on Problem Gambling. "They're steeped in anger, resentment, depression, confusion. None of their personal efforts will ever stop a person from their addiction. And they don't really see any hope because compulsive gambling in general is such an underrecognized illness. " One Los Angeles woman, whose husband's gambling was tearing at her sanity, says she slept with her fists so tightly clenched that her nails sliced into her palms. She had fantasies of death — first her own, thinking he'd feel sorry for her and stop gambling. Later, she harbored thoughts of turning her rage on her husband. She imagined getting a gun, hiding in the closet and blasting him out of her life.
"The hurt was so bad I think I would have pulled the trigger, " she says. "There were times the pain was so much I thought being in jail, or being in the electric chair, would be less than this. " With drug or alcohol abusers, there is the hope of sobering up, an accomplishment in itself, no matter what problems may have accompanied their addictions. Compulsive gamblers often see no way to purge their urges when suffocating debts suggest only one answer: a hot streak (suicide? ). David Phillips, a UC San Diego sociology professor, studied death records from 1982 to 1988 — before legalized gambling exploded across America — and found that people in Vegas, Atlantic City and other gambling meccas showed significantly higher suicide rates than people in non-gambling cities.
Rex Trivia is not about to kill himself, but like most compulsive gamblers, he occasionally thinks about it. Looking at him, it's hard to imagine he once had a promising future as a smart young New York book editor. His pale eyes are expressionless, his hair yellowish and brittle. In his fifties, his health is failing: emphysema, three lung collapses, a bad aorta, rotting teeth. His plunge has been so dizzying that at one point he agreed to aid another desperate gambler in a run of bank robberies — nine in all, throughout Los Angeles and Orange counties. When the FBI busted him in 1980, he had $50, 000 in cash in a dresser drawer and $100, 000 in traveler's checks in his refrigerator's vegetable crisper. Rex, who ended up doing a short stint in prison, hasn't seen that kind of money since.
At 11 P. M. on a Tuesday night, with a bankroll of $55 — all he has — he is at a poker table in Gardena. With quick, nervous hands he stacks and unstacks his $1 chips. The stack dwindles. Down $30, he talks about leaving, getting some sleep. Midnight comes and goes. Rex starts winning. Three aces. Four threes. Chips pile up — $60, $70. "A shame to go when the cards are falling my way. " He checks the time: "I'll go at 2. Win, lose or draw. " Fate, kismet, luck — the cards keep falling. At 2 A. M. , Rex is up $97. He stands, leaves his chips on the table and goes out for a smoke. In the darkness at the edge of the parking lot, he loiters with other regulars, debating with himself whether to grab a bus and quit.
"I should go back in there and cash in and get out of here, " he says. "That's what I should do. " A long pause. Crushing out his cigarette, Rex turns and heads back inside. He has made his decision. "A few more hands. "
Going for Broke Matea Gold and David Ferrell Rex Coile's life is a narrow box, so dark and confining he wonders how he got trapped inside, whether he'll ever get out. He never goes to the movies, never sees concerts, never lies on a sunny beach, never travels on vacation, never spends Christmas with his family. Instead, Rex shares floor space in cheap motels with other compulsive gamblers, comforting himself with delusional dreams of jackpots that will magically wipe away three decades of wreckage. He has lost his marriage, his home, his Cadillac, his clothes, his diamond ring. Not least of all, in the card clubs of Southern California, he has lost his pride.
Rex no longer feels sorry for himself, not after a 29 -year losing streak that has left him scrounging for table scraps to feed his habit. Still, he agonizes over what he has become at 54 and what he might have been. Articulate, intellectual, he talks about existential philosophy, the writings of Camus and Sartre. He was once an editor at Random House. His mind is so jam packed with tidbits about movies, television, baseball and history that card room regulars call him "Rex Trivia, " a name he cherishes for the remnant of self-respect it gives him. "There's a lot of Rexes around these card rooms, " he says in a whisper of resignation and sadness.
And their numbers are soaring as gambling explodes across America, from the mega-resorts of Las Vegas to the gaming parlors of Indian reservations, from the riverboats along the Mississippi to the corner mini-marts selling lottery tickets. With nearly every state in the union now sanctioning some form of legalized gambling to raise revenues, evidence is mounting that society is paying a steep price, one that some researchers say must be confronted, if not reversed. Never before have bettors blown so much money — a whopping $50. 9 billion last year — five times the amount lost in 1980. That's more than the public spent on movies, theme parks, recorded music and sporting events combined. A substantial share of those gambling losses — an estimated 30% to 40% — pours from the pockets and purses of chronic losers hooked on the adrenaline rush of risking their money, intoxicated by the fast action of gambling's incandescent world.
Studies place the total number of compulsive gamblers at about 4. 4 million, about equal to the nation's ranks of hard-core drug addicts. Another 11 million, known as problem gamblers, teeter on the verge. Since 1990, the number of Gamblers Anonymous groups nationwide has doubled from about 600 to more than 1, 200. Compulsive gambling has been linked to child abuse, domestic violence, embezzlement, bogus insurance claims, bankruptcies, welfare fraud and a host of other social and criminal ills. The advent of Internet gambling could lure new legions into wagering beyond their means.
Every once in a while, a case is so egregious it makes headlines: A 10 -day-old baby girl in South Carolina dies after being left for nearly seven hours in a hot car while her mother plays video poker. A suburban Chicago woman is so desperate for a bankroll to gamble that she allegedly suffocates her 7 -weekold daughter 11 days after obtaining a $200, 000 life-insurance policy on the baby. Science has begun to uncover clues to compulsive gambling — genetic predispositions that involve chemical receptors in the brain, the same pleasure pathways implicated in drug and alcohol addiction. But no amount of knowledge, no amount of enlightenment, makes the illness any less confounding, any less destructive. What the gamblers cannot understand about themselves is also well beyond the comprehension of family members, who struggle for normality in a world of deceit and madness.
Money starts vanishing: $500 here, $200 there, $800 a couple of weeks later. Where is it? The answers come back vague, nonsensical. It's in the desk at work. A friend borrowed it. It got spent on family dinners, car repairs, loans to in-laws. Exasperated spouses play the sleuth, combing through pockets, wallets, purses, searching the car. Sometimes the incriminating evidence turns up — a racing form, lottery scratchers, a map to an Indian casino. Once the secret is uncovered, spouses usually fight the problem alone, bleeding inside, because the stories are too humiliating to share.
"Anybody who is living with a compulsive gambler is totally overwhelmed, " says Tom Tucker, president of the California Council on Problem Gambling. "They're steeped in anger, resentment, depression, confusion. None of their personal efforts will ever stop a person from their addiction. And they don't really see any hope because compulsive gambling in general is such an underrecognized illness. " One Los Angeles woman, whose husband's gambling was tearing at her sanity, says she slept with her fists so tightly clenched that her nails sliced into her palms. She had fantasies of death — first her own, thinking he'd feel sorry for her and stop gambling. Later, she harbored thoughts of turning her rage on her husband. She imagined getting a gun, hiding in the closet and blasting him out of her life.
"The hurt was so bad I think I would have pulled the trigger, " she says. "There were times the pain was so much I thought being in jail, or being in the electric chair, would be less than this. " With drug or alcohol abusers, there is the hope of sobering up, an accomplishment in itself, no matter what problems may have accompanied their addictions. Compulsive gamblers often see no way to purge their urges when suffocating debts suggest only one answer: a hot streak (suicide? ). David Phillips, a UC San Diego sociology professor, studied death records from 1982 to 1988 — before legalized gambling exploded across America — and found that people in Vegas, Atlantic City and other gambling meccas showed significantly higher suicide rates than people in non-gambling cities.
Rex Trivia is not about to kill himself, but like most compulsive gamblers, he occasionally thinks about it. Looking at him, it's hard to imagine he once had a promising future as a smart young New York book editor. His pale eyes are expressionless, his hair yellowish and brittle. In his fifties, his health is failing: emphysema, three lung collapses, a bad aorta, rotting teeth. His plunge has been so dizzying that at one point he agreed to aid another desperate gambler in a run of bank robberies — nine in all, throughout Los Angeles and Orange counties. When the FBI busted him in 1980, he had $50, 000 in cash in a dresser drawer and $100, 000 in traveler's checks in his refrigerator's vegetable crisper. Rex, who ended up doing a short stint in prison, hasn't seen that kind of money since.
At 11 P. M. on a Tuesday night, with a bankroll of $55 — all he has — he is at a poker table in Gardena. With quick, nervous hands he stacks and unstacks his $1 chips. The stack dwindles. Down $30, he talks about leaving, getting some sleep. Midnight comes and goes. Rex starts winning. Three aces. Four threes. Chips pile up — $60, $70. "A shame to go when the cards are falling my way. " He checks the time: "I'll go at 2. Win, lose or draw. " Fate, kismet, luck — the cards keep falling. At 2 A. M. , Rex is up $97. He stands, leaves his chips on the table and goes out for a smoke. In the darkness at the edge of the parking lot, he loiters with other regulars, debating with himself whether to grab a bus and quit.
Going for broke Matea Gold and David Ferrell Rex Coile's life is a narrow box, so dark and confining he wonders how he got trapped inside, 1. What can we learn from the sentence? whether he'll ever get out. We can learn from the sentence that Rex Coile seems to live in a very small area, as if being trapped in it, with no He never goes to the movies, never sees freedom, and with no hope of getting out. concerts, never lies on a sunny beach, never travels on vacation, never spends Christmas with 2. How is the language used here? his family. Instead, Rex shares floor space in In this sentence, the author uses metaphor. Words are cheap motels with other compulsive gamblers, used figuratively. Since Rex is addicted to gambling, his life seems to be confined in a box with no signs of life. comforting himself with delusional dreams of He slipped into gambling, as if being trapped without any jackpots that will magically wipe away three hope for freedom. From this sentence we can learn that decades of wreckage. He has lost his marriage, gambling does great harm to people’s life. his home, his Cadillac, his clothes, his diamond ring. Not least of all, in the card clubs of Southern California, he has lost his pride.
Rex no longer feels sorry for himself, not after a 29 -year losing streak that has left him scrounging for table scraps to feed his habit. Paraphrase the sentence. he agonizes over what he has become at 54 and what he Still, might have been. He might have been a very promising editor, but because of his addiction to gambling for 29 years, he has achieved Articulate, intellectual, he talks about existential philosophy, the nothing in his life. Thinking of this, he felt painful. Sartre. He was once an editor at Random writings of Camus and House. His mind is so jam packed with tidbits about movies, television, baseball and history that card room regulars call him "Rex Trivia, " a name he cherishes for the remnant of self-respect it gives him. "There's a lot of Rexes around these card rooms, " he says in a whisper of resignation and sadness.
And their numbers are soaring as gambling explodes across America, from the mega-resorts of Las Vegas to the gaming parlors 1. What does “society is paying a steep price” imply? of Indian reservations, from the riverboats along the Mississippi to It implies that gambling is doing great harm to the society. the corner mini-marts selling lottery tickets. With nearly every state in 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. the union now sanctioning some form of legalized gambling to raise revenues, evidence is mounting that society is paying a steep price, 由于全国几乎每个州都批准某种合法化的赌博形式以增加税收，越来 one that some researchers say must be confronted, if not reversed. 越多的事实表明，整个社会正在付出巨大的代价，不少研究者指出， Never before have bettors blown so much money — a whopping 对此现象如果不能彻底改变，那就必须严肃面对。 $50. 9 billion last year — five times the amount lost in 1980. That's more than the public spent on movies, theme parks, recorded music and sporting events combined. A substantial share of those gambling losses — an estimated 30% to 40% — pours from the pockets and purses of chronic losers hooked on the adrenaline rush of risking their money, intoxicated by the fast action of gambling's incandescent world.
Rex no longer feels sorry for himself, not after a 29 -year losing 1. What does “Rex Trivia” imply? streak that has left him scrounging for table scraps to feed his habit. “Trivia” means something unimportant. Here it means anecdotes, odd or obscure facts about the subject matters has become at 54 and what he Still, he agonizes over what he enumerated. The nickname “Rex Trivia” implies that Rex might have been. Coile knows many anecdotes and interesting stories about Articulate, intellectual, he talks about existential philosophy, the movies, television, etc. , which indicates that he is quite writings knowledgeable and intelligent. of Camus and Sartre. He was once an editor at Random House. His mind is so jam packed with tidbits about movies, 2. What does “it” refer to? television, baseball and history that card room regulars call him "Rex Trivia, " a name he cherishes for the remnant of self-respect it The name “Rex Trivia”. gives him. "There's a lot of Rexes around these card rooms, " he 3. Translate the sentence into Chinese. says in a whisper of resignation and sadness. 他脑子里装满有关电影、电视、棒球和历史的趣闻，因此那些纸牌室 的常客都叫他“趣闻大王雷克斯”，他珍惜这个带给自己些许自尊的名 字。
And their numbers are soaring as gambling explodes across America, from the mega-resorts of Las Vegas to the gaming parlors The subject of the sentence is “share”, and the predicate is riverboats along the Mississippi to of Indian reservations, from the “pours”. The phrase between the dashes “an estimated the corner mini-marts selling lottery tickets. With nearly every state in 30% to 40%” is an inserted noun phrase to explain how the union now sanctioning some form of legalized gambling to raise much the share of the losses is. The two past participle revenues, evidence is mounting that society is paying a steep price, phrases “hooked on … money” and “intoxicated by … one that some researchers say must be confronted, if not reversed. world” modify “chronic losers”. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. Never before have bettors blown so much money — a whopping 输掉的赌金中有相当一部分—— 约占 30%－40%—— 是从那些常输 $50. 9 billion last year — five times the amount lost in 1980. That's 的赌徒的钱包里掏出来的，赌博带来的兴奋令他们入迷，瞬息万变的 more than the public spent on movies, theme parks, recorded music 赌博世界令他们如痴如醉。 and sporting events combined. A substantial share of those gambling losses — an estimated 30% to 40% — pours from the pockets and purses of chronic losers hooked on the adrenaline rush of risking their money, intoxicated by the fast action of gambling's incandescent world. 1. Analyze the structure of the sentence.
Studies place the total number of compulsive 1. What does “problem gamblers” mean? gamblers at about 4. 4 million, about equal to the Those gamblers difficult to deal with or control. Similar nation's ranks of hard-core drug addicts. Another expressions include “problem children”, “problem 11 million, known as problem gamblers, teeter on customers”, etc. the verge. Since 1990, the number of Gamblers 2. What does “teeter on the verge” imply? Anonymous groups nationwide has doubled from about 600 to more than 1, 200. The phrase implies that such gamblers alternate between Compulsive gambling has been linked to child “compulsive gamblers” and “hard-core” gambling addicts. abuse, domestic violence, embezzlement, bogus insurance claims, bankruptcies, welfare fraud and 3. Translate the sentence into Chinese. a host of other social and criminal ills. The advent 另有1100万所谓有问题的赌徒，摇摆于嗜赌成瘾与成为死不改悔之 of Internet gambling could lure new legions into 间，已濒临深渊摇摇欲坠。 wagering beyond their means.
Every once in a while, a case is so egregious it makes headlines: A 10 -day-old baby girl in South Carolina dies after 1. Paraphrase the sentence. being left for nearly seven hours in a hot car while her mother No matter how much knowledge we have and the insight Chicago woman is so desperate plays video poker. A suburban we have gained, we are still confused about gambling, and for a bankroll to gamble that she allegedly suffocates her 7 -weekgambling is still doing harm to us. old daughter 11 days after obtaining a $200, 000 life-insurance 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. policy on the baby. Science has begun to uncover clues to compulsive gambling 但无论对这一顽症有多少了解有多少认识，人们对它的困惑一点也没 — genetic 有减少，它的破坏性也一点也没有减少。predispositions that involve chemical receptors in the brain, the same pleasure pathways implicated in drug and alcohol addiction. But no amount of knowledge, no amount of enlightenment, makes the illness any less confounding, any less destructive. What the gamblers cannot understand about themselves is also well beyond the comprehension of family members, who struggle for normality in a world of deceit and madness.
1. What is implied in the sentence? Money starts vanishing: $500 here, $200 there, $800 a couple When one finds that her husband/his wife is lost in is it? The answers come back vague, of weeks later. Where gambling and tells lies about where money goes, he/she nonsensical. It's in the desk at work. A friend borrowed it. It got usually deals with the problem on his/her own, suffering the spent on family dinners, car repairs, loans to in-laws. Exasperated great pain inwardly, because it is shameful to tell the spouses play the sleuth, combing through pockets, wallets, purses, problem to others. searching the car. Sometimes the incriminating evidence turns up 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. — a racing form, lottery scratchers, a map to an Indian casino. 秘密一旦被揭穿，配偶通常都单独面对问题，独自承受心头巨痛，因 Once the secret is uncovered, spouses usually fight the problem 为这种事太丢人，没法跟别人说。 alone, bleeding inside, because the stories are too humiliating to share.
"Anybody who is living with a compulsive gambler is totally overwhelmed, " says Tom Tucker, president 1. What can we learn from the sentence? of the California Council on Problem Gambling. "They're steeped We can learn how angry and painful the woman is at her in anger, resentment, depression, confusion. None of husband’s gambling. She became almost insane about it. their personal efforts will ever stop a person 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. from their addiction. And they don't really see any hope because compulsive 一个洛杉矶妇女，由于丈夫嗜赌成瘾，自己几乎神经崩溃。她说自己 晚上睡觉时双手紧紧握成拳头，指甲把手掌都掐破了。 is such an undergambling in general recognized illness. " One Los Angeles woman, whose husband's gambling was tearing at her sanity, says she slept with her fists so tightly clenched that her nails sliced into her palms. She had fantasies of death — first her own, thinking he'd feel sorry for her and stop gambling. Later, she harbored thoughts of turning her rage on her husband. She imagined getting a gun, hiding in the closet and blasting him out of her life.
"The hurt was so bad I think I would have pulled the trigger, " she says. "There were times the pain was so much I thought being in jail, or 1. What does “this” refer to? being in the electric chair, would be less than this. " With drug or alcohol abusers, there is the hope of The pain and the hurt of suffering from her husband’s sobering up, an accomplishment in itself, no addiction to gambling. matter what problems may have accompanied 2. What can we learn from the sentence? their addictions. Compulsive gamblers often see no way to purge their urges One’s gambling may bring utmost pain to his family. when suffocating debts suggest only one answer: a hot streak (suicide? ). David Phillips, a UC San Diego sociology professor, studied death records from 1982 to 1988 — before legalized gambling exploded across America — and found that people in Vegas, Atlantic City and other gambling meccas showed significantly higher suicide rates than people in non-gambling cities.
Rex Trivia is not about to kill himself, but like most compulsive 1. Paraphrase the sentence. gamblers, he occasionally thinks about it. Looking at him, it's hard to imagine he once had a promising future as a smart young New Rex’s addiction to gambling has been so bewildering and York book editor. His pale eyes are expressionless, his hair confusing that once he even agreed to help another yellowish and brittle. In his fifties, his health is failing: emphysema, hopeless and reckless gambler to rob a bank. three lung collapses, a bad aorta, rotting teeth. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. His plunge has been so dizzying that at one point he agreed to 他陷入赌毒之深让人惊惑，竟然一度答应协助另一个因绝望而不顾一 切的赌徒实施银行抢劫。 aid another desperate gambler in a run of bank robberies — nine in all, throughout Los Angeles and Orange counties. When the FBI busted him in 1980, he had $50, 000 in cash in a dresser drawer and $100, 000 in traveler's checks in his refrigerator's vegetable crisper. Rex, who ended up doing a short stint in prison, hasn't seen that kind of money since.
At 11 P. M. on a Tuesday night, with a bankroll of $55 — all he 1. What does this sentence imply? has — he is at a poker table in Gardena. With quick, nervous hands Time goes by quickly. Rex has been at the poker table for he stacks and unstacks his $1 chips. The stack dwindles. Down a long time. Luck begins to favor Rex. Even if he wanted to leave, it seems shameful to leave at this point of winning. $30, he talks about leaving, getting some sleep. Midnight comes 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. and goes. Rex starts winning. Three aces. Four threes. Chips pile 午夜稍纵即逝。… 三张A牌，四张 3点。…“我牌运那么好，怎么能 up — $60, $70. "A shame to go when the cards are falling my way. " 走。” He checks the time: "I'll go at 2. Win, lose or draw. " Fate, kismet, luck — the cards keep falling. At 2 A. M. , Rex is up $97. He stands, leaves his chips on the table and goes out for a smoke. In the darkness at the edge of the parking lot, he loiters with other regulars, debating with himself whether to grab a bus and quit.
Going for broke Matea Gold and David Ferrell Rex Coile's life is a narrow box, so dark and confining he wonders how he got trapped inside, go for broke: commit or expend all of one's available resources whether he'll ever get out. toward achievement of a goal; risk everything in He never goes to the movies, never sees one determined attempt at sth. concerts, never lies on a sunny beach, never Why not go for broke and apply for Harvard University? travels on vacation, never spends Christmas with his family. Instead, Rex shares floor space in 他决定孤注一掷把所有的钱全部投向股市。 cheap motels with other He decided to go for broke and put all his money compulsive gamblers, comforting himself with delusional dreams of into the stock market. jackpots that will magically wipe away three decades of wreckage. He has lost his marriage, his home, his Cadillac, his clothes, his diamond ring. Not least of all, in the card clubs of Southern California, he has lost his pride.
Going for broke Matea Gold and David Ferrell Rex Coile's life is a narrow box, so dark and confining he wonders how he got trapped inside, whether he'll ever get out. delusion: n. a false belief or opinion He never goes to the movies, never sees Jane is under the delusion that I’m going to give her a lot beach, never concerts, never lies on a sunny of money. travels on vacation, never spends Christmas with 这位病人妄想自己是拿破仑。 his family. Instead, Rex shares floor space in cheap motels with other compulsive gamblers, The sick man is under the delusion comforting himself with delusional dreams of that he is Napoleon. jackpots that will magically wipe away three decades of wreckage. He has lost his marriage, his home, his Cadillac, his clothes, his diamond ring. Not least of all, in the card clubs of Southern California, he has lost his pride.
Going for broke Matea Gold and David Ferrell Rex Coile's life is a narrow box, so dark and confining he wonders how he got trapped inside, 这两个词都是名词，都有“错觉”的意思， 也都有这样的词组 “under the delusion”和“under the illusion”。 whether he'll ever get out. He never goes to the movies, delusion 通常指一个被误导甚至是精神不正常的人的错误（病态的）观 never sees concerts, never lies on a sunny 念，例如： Bob once had the delusion that he was a beach, never travels on vacation, never spends Christmas with “flying man”. 鲍勃一度妄想自己是个飞人。 illusion 通常指给人的感官印象似乎是正确的而实际不然的观念。例如： his family. Instead, Rex shares floor space in I had the illusion that the sun goes around the earth cheap motels with other compulsive gamblers, when I was a child. 孩提时代，我错误地认为太阳是绕着地 dreams of comforting himself with delusional 球旋转的。 jackpots that will magically wipe away three decades of wreckage. He has lost his marriage, his home, his Cadillac, his clothes, his diamond ring. Not least of all, in the card clubs of Southern California, he has lost his pride. CF: delusion & illusion
Going for broke Matea Gold and David Ferrell Rex Coile's life is a narrow box, so dark and confining he wonders how he got trapped inside, whether he'll ever get out. wreckage: n. remains of sth. that has been destroyed or ruined He never goes to the movies, never sees The investigation committee was trying to find the sunny beach, never concerts, never lies on a wreckage of the plane after the crash. travels on vacation, never spends Christmas with his family. Instead, Rex shares floor space in The police dragged the wreckage cheap motels with other compulsive gamblers, of the car from the accident site. comforting himself with delusional dreams of jackpots that will magically wipe away three decades of wreckage. He has lost his marriage, his home, his Cadillac, his clothes, his diamond ring. Not least of all, in the card clubs of Southern California, he has lost his pride.
Going for broke Matea Gold and David Ferrell Rex Coile's life is a narrow box, so dark and confining he wonders how he got trapped inside, whether he'll ever get out. not least of all: especially; in particular He never goes to the movies, never sees People, not least of all youngsters, don't seem so polite beach, never concerts, never lies on a sunny these days. travels on vacation, never spends Christmas with his family. Instead, Rex shares floor space in Millions of wild flowers color the valleys, not least of all in April and May. cheap motels with other compulsive gamblers, comforting himself with delusional dreams of jackpots that will magically wipe away three decades of wreckage. He has lost his marriage, his home, his Cadillac, his clothes, his diamond ring. Not least of all, in the card clubs of Southern California, he has lost his pride.
streak: n. Rex no longer feels sorry for himself, not after a 29 -year losing 1) a line, mark, smear, or band differentiated by color or streak that has left him scrounging for table scraps to feed his habit. texture from its surroundings Still, he agonizes over what he has become at 54 and what he William noticed some streaks of grey appearing in his might have been. mother’s black hair. Articulate, intellectual, he talks about existential philosophy, the 2) (esp. in gambling) period of continuous success or failure writings of Camus and Sartre. He was once an editor at Random The young man is very happy for he House. His mind is so jam packed with tidbits about movies, enjoys a long streak of winning in television, baseball and history that card room regulars call him lottery. "Rex Trivia, " a name he cherishes for the remnant of self-respect it Mr. Smith had a streak of luck this year. gives him. "There's a lot of Rexes around these card rooms, " he says in a whisper of resignation and sadness.
Rex no longer feels sorry for himself, not after a 29 -year losing streak that has left him scrounging for table scraps to feed his habit. 3) element or trace (in a person’s character) Still, he agonizes over what he has become at 54 and what he Our chemistry teacher has a streak of humor in him. might have been. Articulate, intellectual, he talks about existential philosophy, the writings of Camus and Sartre. He was once an editor at Random House. His mind is so jam packed with tidbits about movies, television, baseball and history that card room regulars call him "Rex Trivia, " a name he cherishes for the remnant of self-respect it gives him. "There's a lot of Rexes around these card rooms, " he says in a whisper of resignation and sadness.
Rex no longer feels sorry for himself, not after a 29 -year losing scrounge: v. seek to obtain something by begging or streak that has left him scrounging for table scraps to feed his habit. borrowing with no intention of repayment; Still, he agonizes over what he forage about in an effort to acquire something has become at 54 and what he at no cost might have been. Articulate, intellectual, he talks about existential philosophy, the The old man was scrounging for empty bottles in the writings of Camus and Sartre. He was once an editor at Random dustbin. House. His mind is so jam packed with tidbits about movies, He scrounged a cigarette from me. television, baseball and history that card room regulars call him "Rex Trivia, " a name he cherishes for the remnant of self-respect it gives him. "There's a lot of Rexes around these card rooms, " he says in a whisper of resignation and sadness.
Rex no longer feels sorry for himself, not after a 29 -year losing streak that has left him scrounging for table scraps to feed his habit. agonize: v. suffer great pain or anxiety Still, he agonizes over what he has become at 54 and what he Why do you agonize yourself with the thought of your might have been. failure? Articulate, intellectual, he talks about existential philosophy, the writings of Camus and Sartre. He was once an editor at Random 他对上星期五公司高层会议上的决定感到焦虑不安。 House. His mind is so jam packed with tidbits about movies, He agonized over the decision made last Friday top meeting television, baseball and history that card room regulars call him of the company. "Rex Trivia, " a name he cherishes for the remnant of self-respect it agony n. the suffering of intense physical or mental pain gives him. "There's a lot of Rexes around these card rooms, " he says in a whisper of resignation and sadness. He was in an agony of remorse.
Rex no longer feels sorry for himself, not after a 29 -year losing articulate: adj. (of a person) able to express one’s ideas streak that has left him scrounging for table scraps to feed his habit. clearly and effectively in words Still, he agonizes over what he has become at 54 and what he Maria is the most articulate of the sisters. might have been. Articulate, intellectual, he talks about existential philosophy, the 我们大家都认为他是很有口才的演讲者。 writings of Camus and Sartre. He was once an editor at Random We all agree that he is an articulate speaker. so jam packed with tidbits about movies, House. His mind is television, baseball and history that card room regulars call him "Rex Trivia, " a name he cherishes for the remnant of self-respect it gives him. "There's a lot of Rexes around these card rooms, " he says in a whisper of resignation and sadness.
Rex no longer feels sorry for himself, not after a 29 -year losing streak that has left him scrounging for table scraps to feed his habit. tidbit: n. small but interesting piece of news, gossip, etc. Still, he agonizes over what he has become at 54 and what he The book is full of colorful tidbits about theater and theater might have been. people. Articulate, intellectual, he talks about existential philosophy, the 导演给孩子们讲了许多关于电影制作的趣事。 writings of Camus and Sartre. He was once an editor at Random The director told the children many tidbits about filmmaking. House. His mind is so jam packed with tidbits about movies, television, baseball and history that card room regulars call him "Rex Trivia, " a name he cherishes for the remnant of self-respect it gives him. "There's a lot of Rexes around these card rooms, " he says in a whisper of resignation and sadness.
Rex no longer feels sorry for himself, not after a 29 -year losing regular: n. a habitual customer or client at a shop, pub, etc. , streak that has left him scrounging for table scraps to feed his habit. a loyal person Still, he agonizes over what he has become at 54 and what he David is one of our regulars — he comes in for a drink might have been. about this time every night. Articulate, intellectual, he talks about existential philosophy, the 我是这家餐馆的常客，这里的菜很合我的口味。 and Sartre. He was once an editor at Random writings of Camus House. His mind is so jam packed with tidbits about movies, I am a regular of this restaurant, for the dish here are very much to my taste. television, baseball and history that card room regulars call him "Rex Trivia, " a name he cherishes for the remnant of self-respect it gives him. "There's a lot of Rexes around these card rooms, " he says in a whisper of resignation and sadness.
Rex no longer feels sorry for himself, not after a 29 -year losing cherish: vt. treat with affection and tenderness; hold dear; streak that has left him scrounging for table scraps to feed his habit. keep fondly in mind Still, he agonizes over what he has become at 54 and what he He cherished the memory of his dead wife. might have been. Articulate, intellectual, he talks about existential philosophy, the The old man cherished the girl as if she were his daughter. writings of Camus and Sartre. He was once an editor at Random 他怀 念他那一去不复返的青春年华 。 mind is so jam packed with tidbits about movies, House. His television, baseball and history that card room regulars call him He cherished the memory of his departed youth. "Rex Trivia, " a name he cherishes for the remnant of self-respect it gives him. "There's a lot of Rexes around these card rooms, " he says in a whisper of resignation and sadness.
Rex no longer feels sorry for himself, not after a 29 -year losing streak that has left him scrounging for table scraps to feed his habit. remnant: n. sth. left over, a remainder; small remaining quantity Still, he agonizes over what he has become at 54 and what he The remnants of the feast were taken to the farm to feed might have been. the pigs there. Articulate, intellectual, he talks about existential philosophy, the 他虽然深受冒犯，但仍保持了几分尊严 。 writings of Camus and Sartre. He was once an editor at Random Though terribly offended, he retained some remnant of House. His mind is so jam packed with tidbits about movies, dignity. television, baseball and history that card room regulars call him The general ordered the soldiers to wipe away the remnants "Rex Trivia, " a name he cherishes for the remnant of self-respect it of the enemy. gives him. "There's a lot of Rexes around these card rooms, " he says in a whisper of resignation and sadness.
Rex no longer feels sorry for himself, not after a 29 -year losing streak that has left him scrounging for table scraps to feed his habit. resignation: n. 1) the act of giving up (one’s position, for example) esp. by has become at 54 and what he Still, he agonizes over what he formal notification; oral or written statement of giving up might have been. one’s position Articulate, intellectual, he talks about existential philosophy, the Mr. Smith handed in his resignation to the general manager last week. writings of Camus and Sartre. He was once an editor at Random House. His mind is so jam packed with tidbits about movies, 2) unresisting acceptance of something as inescapable; television, baseball and history that card room regulars call him submission "Rex Trivia, " a name he cherishes for the remnant of self-respect it He lost the election and had to accept gives his fate with resignation. him. "There's a lot of Rexes around these card rooms, " he says in a whisper of resignation and sadness. 这位足球明星在最近的比赛中输了，他只得无 可奈何地承认失败。 The football star was defeated in the recent game, and he had to accept the failure with resignation.
And their numbers are soaring as gambling explodes across America, from the mega-resorts of Las Vegas to the gaming parlors reservation: n. of Indian reservations, from the riverboats along the Mississippi to 1) an arrangement in advance, as in a hotel or on an airplane the corner mini-marts selling lottery tickets. With nearly every state in the union now sanctioning some form of legalized gambling to raise If you want to go to the concert, you'll have to make a revenues, evidence is mounting that society is paying a steep price, reservation, or there will be no tickets. one that some researchers say must be confronted, if not reversed. 2) a limiting qualification, condition, or exception Never before have bettors blown so much money — a whopping By negotiation, the party agreed to $50. 9 billion last year — five times the amount lost in 1980. That's the plan with certain reservations. more than the public spent on movies, theme parks, recorded music 我对他所说的话的真实性持保留态度。 and sporting events combined. A substantial share of those gambling losses — an estimated 30% to 40% — pours from the pockets and I have some reservations about the truth of what he said. purses of chronic losers hooked on the adrenaline rush of risking their money, intoxicated by the fast action of gambling's incandescent world.
And their numbers are soaring as gambling explodes across America, from the mega-resorts of Las Vegas to the gaming parlors 3) a tract of land set apart by the federal government for a riverboats along the Mississippi to of Indian reservations, from the special purpose, especially one for the use of a Native the corner mini-marts selling lottery tickets. With nearly every state in American people the union now sanctioning some form of legalized gambling to raise Many Native Americans live in reservations. revenues, evidence is mounting that society is paying a steep price, The Native American professionals believe that proper one that some researchers say must be confronted, if not reversed. management of land natural resources will improve Never before have bettors blown so much money — a whopping reservation economic viability. $50. 9 billion last year — five times the amount lost in 1980. That's Collocation: more than the public spent on movies, theme parks, recorded music 定座 make reservations and sporting events combined. A substantial share of those gambling 取消预定 cancel reservations losses — an estimated 30% to 40% — pours from the pockets and purses of chronic losers hooked on the adrenaline rush of risking 有保留地 with reservations their money, intoxicated by the fast action of gambling's 毫无保留地 without reservation incandescent world.
And their numbers are soaring as gambling explodes across America, from the mega-resorts of Las Vegas to the gaming parlors sanction: of Indian reservations, from the riverboats along the Mississippi to 1. n. authoritative permission or approval that makes a the corner mini-marts selling lottery tickets. With nearly every state in course of action valid the union now sanctioning some form of legalized gambling to raise The novel has been adapted to a play without the revenues, evidence is mounting that society is paying a steep price, sanction of the author. one that some researchers say must be confronted, if not reversed. 我们获 准继续进 行我们 的项 目。 Never before have bettors blown so much money — a whopping We received sanction to proceed with our project. $50. 9 billion last year — five times the amount lost in 1980. That's more than the public spent on movies, theme parks, recorded music and sporting events combined. A substantial share of those gambling 2. vt. give official authorization or approval to losses — an estimated 30% to 40% — pours from the pockets and The headquarters of the company sanctioned the purses of chronic establishment of a branch in Shanghai. losers hooked on the adrenaline rush of risking their money, intoxicated by the fast action of gambling's incandescent world.
And their numbers are soaring as gambling explodes across America, from the mega-resorts of Las Vegas to the gaming parlors revenue: n. income, esp. the total annual income of the state of Indian reservations, from the riverboats along the Mississippi to from taxes the corner mini-marts selling lottery tickets. With nearly every state in The government gets its revenue from taxes. the union now sanctioning some form of legalized gambling to raise 个人所得税是一个国家岁入的主要来源之一。 revenues, evidence is mounting that society is paying a steep price, one that some researchers say must be confronted, if not reversed. Income tax is one of the main sources of a country’s revenue. Never before have bettors blown so much money — a whopping Collocation: $50. 9 billion last year — five times the amount lost in 1980. That's 关税收入 customs revenue more than the public spent on movies, theme parks, recorded music 国库 收入 the Public revenue and sporting events combined. A substantial share of those gambling 逃（漏）税 defraud the revenue losses — an estimated 30% to 40% — pours from the pockets and 个人总 收入 one’s revenue purses of chronic losers hooked on the adrenaline rush of risking 国家岁入 their money, intoxicated by the fast action of gambling's national revenue incandescent world. 税务官员 a revenue officer
And their numbers are soaring as gambling explodes across America, from the mega-resorts of Las Vegas to the gaming parlors substantial: adj. considerable in importance, value, degree, riverboats along the Mississippi to of Indian reservations, from the amount, or extent the corner mini-marts selling lottery tickets. With nearly every state in There has been substantial increase in production of the union now sanctioning some form of legalized gambling to raise automobile industry in China in these years. revenues, evidence is mounting that society is paying a steep price, Considering the environmental protection, the municipal one that some researchers say must be confronted, if not reversed. government has made substantial changes in the Never before have bettors blown so much money — a whopping development plan. $50. 9 billion last year — five times the amount lost in 1980. That's more than the public spent on movies, theme parks, recorded music and sporting events combined. A substantial share of those gambling losses — an estimated 30% to 40% — pours from the pockets and purses of chronic losers hooked on the adrenaline rush of risking their money, intoxicated by the fast action of gambling's incandescent world.
And their numbers are soaring as gambling explodes across America, from the mega-resorts of Las Vegas to the gaming parlors 1) cause sb. to lose self-control as a result of taking alcoholic riverboats along the Mississippi to of Indian reservations, from the drink the corner mini-marts selling lottery tickets. With nearly every state in Not only liquor, but also beer has the power to intoxicate. the union now sanctioning some form of legalized gambling to raise 2) excite sb. greatly, beyond self-control revenues, evidence is mounting that society is paying a steep price, one that some researchers say must be confronted, if not reversed. The audience were intoxicated by the pianist’s excellent Never before have bettors blown so much money — a whopping performance. $50. 9 billion last year — five times the amount lost in 1980. That's 他陶醉在西藏美丽的自然美景中。 more than the public spent on movies, theme parks, recorded music and sporting events combined. A substantial share of those gambling He is intoxicated by the beautiful natural sceneries of Tibet. losses — an estimated 30% to 40% — pours from the pockets and purses of chronic losers hooked on the adrenaline rush of risking their money, intoxicated by the fast action of gambling's incandescent world. intoxicate: vt.
And their numbers are soaring as gambling explodes across America, from the mega-resorts of Las Vegas to the gaming parlors incandescent: adj. of Indian reservations, from the riverboats along the Mississippi to 1) emitting visible light; shining brilliantly; very bright the corner mini-marts selling lottery tickets. With nearly every state in the union now sanctioning some form of legalized gambling to raise The physics teacher is demonstrating how an incandescent lamp works. revenues, evidence is mounting that society is paying a steep price, one that some researchers say must be confronted, if not reversed. 2) characterized by ardent emotion or intensity Never before have bettors blown so much money — a whopping His incandescent spirit inspired us to help the $50. 9 billion last year — five times the amount lost in 1980. That's unprivileged people. more than the public spent on movies, theme parks, recorded music and sporting events combined. A substantial share of those gambling losses — an estimated 30% to 40% — pours from the pockets and purses of chronic losers hooked on the adrenaline rush of risking their money, intoxicated by the fast action of gambling's incandescent world.
Studies place the total number of compulsive gamblers at about 4. 4 million, about equal to the hard-core: adj. intensely loyal; stubbornly resistant to change nation's ranks of hard-core drug addicts. Another He is known as a hard-core golfer because as long as he is 11 million, known as problem gamblers, teeter on free, he plays golf. the verge. Since 1990, the number of Gamblers 他已成了一个顽固的赌徒，无论你怎 Anonymous groups nationwide has doubled from 么劝，他就是不听。 about 600 to more than 1, 200. Compulsive gambling has been linked to child He has become a hard-core gambler. No matter how you abuse, domestic violence, embezzlement, bogus persuade him out of gambling, insurance claims, bankruptcies, welfare fraud and he won’t listen. a host of other social and criminal ills. The advent of Internet gambling could lure new legions into wagering beyond their means.
Studies place the total number of compulsive gamblers at about 4. 4 million, about equal to the verge: n. edge or border of a road, path, etc. nation's ranks of hard-core drug addicts. Another The once very profitable business is now on the verge of 11 million, known as problem gamblers, teeter on bankruptcy. the verge. Since 1990, the number of Gamblers 她力图忍住悲痛，但还是差点哭了出来。 Anonymous groups nationwide has doubled from She tried to hide her grief, but she was on the verge of tears. Pattern: about 600 to more than 1, 200. 在…的边缘 at the verge of Compulsive gambling has been linked to child 接近于，濒于 on the verge of abuse, domestic violence, embezzlement, bogus CF: verge, edge, border, margin & rim insurance claims, bankruptcies, welfare fraud and 这些词都是名词，都有“边缘” 的意思 a host of other social and criminal ills. The advent verge 是一个极尽头的边缘，界限，例如: Owing to the poor of Internet gambling could lure new legions into management, the firm was on the verge of wagering beyond their means. bankruptcy. 由于经营不善，这家公司濒于破产。
Studies place the total number of compulsive gamblers at about 4. 4 million, about equal to the edge 特指两个平面的分界线，棱边，例如：I hurt my knee nation's ranks of hard-core drug addicts. Another against the edge of the stove. 11 million, known as problem gamblers, teeter on 我的腿碰到了炉子的棱边，碰伤了。 the verge. Since 1990, the number border 指边界线或正位于边界内的区域, 例如: The border between of Gamblers Anonymous groups nationwide has doubled from the two countries runs along the mountain ridge. 这两个国家以山脊为界。 about 600 to more than 1, 200. margin 是指一种可精确限定宽度的边界，页面的空白处, 例如: Compulsive gambling has been linked to child Professor Smith always writes his comments in the abuse, domestic violence, embezzlement, bogus margins of his students’ papers. 史密斯教授总是在学生论 insurance claims, bankruptcies, welfare fraud and 文的空白处写上他的评语。 a host of other social and criminal ills. The advent rim 常用于指圆周性或曲性物体（如车轮）的边缘, 例如: Be careful! of Internet gambling could lure new legions into The rim of your glass is cracked. 当心！你的玻璃杯的边缘 裂开了。 wagering beyond their means.
Studies place the total number of compulsive gamblers at about 4. 4 million, about equal to the fraud: n. nation's ranks of hard-core drug addicts. Another 1) a deception deliberately practiced in order to secure unfair or 11 million, known as problem gamblers, teeter on unlawful gain the verge. Since 1990, the number of Gamblers Last year, an Illinois woman was convicted of fraud for Anonymous groups nationwide has doubled from trying to collect a $200, 000 life insurance policy after about 600 to more than 1, 200. smothering her daughter. Compulsive gambling has been linked to child 2) one that defrauds; a cheat abuse, domestic violence, embezzlement, bogus 用一叠纸牌为你占卜未来的人都是骗子。 insurance claims, bankruptcies, welfare fraud and People who tell your future by means of a pack of cards are a host of other social and criminal ills. The advent frauds. of Internet gambling could lure new legions into wagering beyond their means.
lure: v. attract or tempt Industry often seeks to lure scientists from universities by Studies place the total number of compulsive offering them huge salaries. gamblers at about 4. 4 million, about equal to the 意欲获取巨额利润诱惑他做了那些不诚实的交易。 nation's ranks of hard-core drug addicts. Another The hope of high profits lured him into dishonest dealings. 11 million, known as problem gamblers, teeter on CF: lure & tempt the verge. Since 1990, the number of Gamblers 这两个动词都有“引诱”的意思。 Anonymous groups nationwide has doubled from lure 包含着“强烈的、不可抗拒的而且通常是有害的诱惑力”。例如： about 600 to more than 1, 200. Perhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of Compulsive gambling has been linked to child making an unexpected discovery that lures men down abuse, domestic violence, embezzlement, bogus to the depths of the earth. insurance claims, bankruptcies, welfare fraud and 可能正是想寻觅一个幽静的去处或者找个猎奇的机会的欲望引诱着人们 a host of other social and criminal ills. The advent 进入地球的深处。 of Internet gambling could lure It was not money that lured the adolescent husbandman new legions into wagering beyond their means. to the cities, but the gay life. 把那个青年农民引诱到城市的东西不是金钱， 而是那里的欢乐生活。
Studies place the total number of compulsive gamblers at about 4. 4 million, about equal to the tempt 也表示强烈的诱惑力，但更含有“被诱惑者虽然知道不该被诱 nation's ranks of hard-core drug addicts. Another 惑，但无法或难以克制受到诱惑” 。例如： 11 million, known as problem gamblers, teeter on The steaming apple pie tempted him to disregard his diet. the verge. Since 1990, the number of Gamblers 那热气腾腾的苹果派把他诱惑得忘了自己需要节食。 Anonymous groups nationwide has doubled from I'm tempted to tell him what I really think of him. about 600 to more than 1, 200. 我忍不住要告诉他我对他的真实看法。 Compulsive gambling has been linked to child abuse, domestic violence, embezzlement, bogus insurance claims, bankruptcies, welfare fraud and a host of other social and criminal ills. The advent of Internet gambling could lure new legions into wagering beyond their means.
Every once in a while, a case is so egregious it makes headlines: A 10 -day-old baby girl in South Carolina dies after being left for nearly seven hours in a hot car while her mother egregious: adj. extremely and noticeably bad; conspicuously plays bad or offensive video poker. A suburban Chicago woman is so desperate for a bankroll to gamble that she allegedly suffocates her 7 -week. You made an egregious mistake when you spoke so rudely old daughter 11 days after obtaining a $200, 000 life-insurance to the president. policy on the baby. Science has begun to uncover clues to compulsive gambling — genetic predispositions that involve chemical receptors in the brain, the same pleasure pathways implicated in drug and alcohol addiction. But no amount of knowledge, no amount of enlightenment, makes the illness any less confounding, any less destructive. What the gamblers cannot understand about themselves is also well beyond the comprehension of family members, who struggle for normality in a world of deceit and madness.
Every once in a while, a case is so egregious it makes headlines: A 10 -day-old baby girl in South Carolina dies after being left for nearly seven hours in a hot car while her mother allegedly: adv. according to the charges made without proof; supposedlyplays video poker. A suburban Chicago woman is so desperate for a bankroll to gamble that she allegedly suffocates her 7 -week. He is allegedly a thief. old daughter 11 days after obtaining a $200, 000 life-insurance policy on the baby. The man has allegedly murdered his wife but no proof has been found. Science has begun to uncover clues to compulsive gambling — genetic predispositions that involve chemical receptors in the brain, the same pleasure pathways implicated in drug and alcohol addiction. But no amount of knowledge, no amount of enlightenment, makes the illness any less confounding, any less destructive. What the gamblers cannot understand about themselves is also well beyond the comprehension of family members, who struggle for normality in a world of deceit and madness.
Every once in a while, a case is so egregious it makes predisposition: n. state of being likely to behave in a particular headlines: A 10 -day-old baby way or to suffer from a particular disease; girl in South Carolina dies after being left for nearly seven tendency, inclination, or susceptibility hours in a hot car while her mother Diet as well as other factors, including genetic suburban Chicago woman is so desperate plays video poker. A predisposition, is related to hypertension and obesity, which for a bankroll to gamble that she allegedly suffocates her 7 -weekaffect productivity and life span. old daughter 11 days after obtaining a $200, 000 life-insurance policy on the baby. She has a predisposition towards seeing the dark side of Science has begun to uncover clues to compulsive gambling things. — genetic predispositions that involve chemical receptors in the Collocation: brain, the same pleasure pathways implicated in drug and alcohol 遗传 But hereditary predisposition addiction. 性素质 no amount of knowledge, no amount of 先天素质 natural predisposition enlightenment, makes the illness any less confounding, any less 天性 inborn predisposition destructive. What the gamblers cannot understand about themselves is also well beyond the comprehension of family 吹毛求疵的癖性 a predisposition to find fault members, who struggle for normality in a world of deceit and madness. 她有一种爱看事物阴暗面的癖性。
Every once in a while, a case is so egregious it makes headlines: A 10 -day-old baby girl in South Carolina dies after being left for nearly seven implicate: v. show to be involved or concerned; involve or hours in a hot car while her mother plays video poker. A connect intimately or incriminatingly suburban Chicago woman is so desperate for a bankroll to gamble that she allegedly suffocates her 7 -week. The police found a letter which implicated him in the murder old daughter 11 days after obtaining a $200, 000 life-insurance case. policy on the baby. Having the stolen goods in his possession implicated him in Science has begun to uncover clues to compulsive gambling the robbery. — genetic predispositions that involve chemical receptors in the brain, the same pleasure pathways implicated in drug and alcohol addiction. But no amount of knowledge, no amount of enlightenment, makes the illness any less confounding, any less destructive. What the gamblers cannot understand about themselves is also well beyond the comprehension of family members, who struggle for normality in a world of deceit and madness.
Every once in a while, a case is so egregious it makes headlines: A 10 -day-old baby girl in South Carolina dies after being left for nearly seven hours confound: v. confuse and surprise (a person or group of people) in a hot car while her mother plays video poker. A suburban Chicago woman is so desperate The accusation utterly confounded him. for a bankroll to gamble that she allegedly suffocates her 7 -week. I always confound him with his twin brother. old daughter 11 days after obtaining a $200, 000 life-insurance 别把公事与私事混为一谈。 policy on the baby. Don’t confound public affairs with private ones. Science has begun to uncover clues to compulsive gambling — genetic predispositions that involve chemical receptors in the brain, the same pleasure pathways implicated in drug and alcohol addiction. But no amount of knowledge, no amount of enlightenment, makes the illness any less confounding, any less destructive. What the gamblers cannot understand about themselves is also well beyond the comprehension of family members, who struggle for normality in a world of deceit and madness.
Money starts vanishing: $500 here, $200 there, $800 a couple exasperate: v. irritate or annoy sb. greatly of weeks later. Where is The teachers were exasperated at Bob's cheat in the it? The answers come back vague, nonsensical. It's in the desk at work. A friend borrowed it. It got examination. spent on family dinners, car repairs, loans to in-laws. Exasperated spouses play the sleuth, combing through pockets, wallets, purses, We were exasperated at his ill behavior. searching the car. Sometimes the incriminating evidence turns up — a racing form, lottery scratchers, a map to an Indian casino. Once the secret is uncovered, spouses usually fight the problem alone, bleeding inside, because the stories are too humiliating to share. 我们对他的不良行为非常恼怒。
Money starts vanishing: $500 here, $200 there, $800 a couple humiliating: adj. shameful, disgraceful of weeks later. Where is it? The answers come back vague, The boy’s ill manner made his parents humiliating in front of nonsensical. It's in the desk at work. A friend borrowed it. It got the guests. spent on family dinners, car repairs, loans to in-laws. Exasperated spouses play the sleuth, combing through pockets, wallets, purses, The general will never forget the humiliating failure in searching the car. Sometimes the incriminating evidence turns up the battle. — a racing form, lottery scratchers, a map to an Indian casino. Once the secret is uncovered, spouses usually fight the problem alone, bleeding inside, because the stories are too humiliating to share. 这位将军永远不会忘记给他带来耻辱的战败。
"Anybody who is living with a compulsive gambler is totally overwhelmed, " says Tom Tucker, president of the California Council on overwhelm: v. overpower; turn over; submerge suddenly; affect Problem Gambling. "They're steeped in anger, deeply in mind or emotion resentment, depression, confusion. None of The soldiers were overwhelmed by the enemy superior their personal efforts will ever stop a person forces. from their addiction. And they don't really The boat was overwhelmed by the enormous waves. see any hope because compulsive 你的好意使我感激难言。 gambling in general is such an underrecognized illness. " Your kindness quite overwhelms me. Angeles woman, whose husband's gambling was One Los tearing at her sanity, says she slept with her fists so tightly clenched that her nails sliced into her palms. She had fantasies of death — first her own, thinking he'd feel sorry for her and stop gambling. Later, she harbored thoughts of turning her rage on her husband. She imagined getting a gun, hiding in the closet and blasting him out of her life.
"Anybody who is living with a compulsive gambler is totally overwhelmed, " says Tom Tucker, president of the California Council on Problem sanity: n. the quality of being healthy in mind; soundness of Gambling. "They're steeped in anger, mind resentment, depression, confusion. None of Many people question the sanity of huge amounts of money their personal efforts will ever stop a person spent for defense. from their addiction. And they don't really 他签遗嘱时神志是否清醒颇令人怀疑。 see any hope because compulsive His sanity of mind was quite doubtful when he signed his will. gambling in general is such an underrecognized illness. " Collocation: One Los Angeles woman, whose husband's gambling was 判断正确 sanity of judgment tearing at her sanity, says she slept with her fists so tightly 观 点正确 sanity of outlook clenched that her nails sliced into her palms. She had fantasies of 失去理智 lose one’s sanity death — first her own, thinking he'd feel sorry for her and stop 保持神志清醒 retain one’s sanity gambling. Later, she harbored thoughts of turning her rage on her husband. She imagined getting a gun, hiding in the closet and blasting him out of her life.
"The hurt was so bad I think I would have pulled the trigger, " she says. "There were times the pain was so much I thought being in jail, or purge：v. remove impurities by cleansing; get rid of; purify being in the electric chair, would be less than this. " This medicine will help you to purge off the poison in your With drug or alcohol abusers, there is the hope of blood. sobering up, an accomplishment in itself, no 为了洗清自己的罪过，他把余生都用在行善上。 matter what problems may have accompanied their addictions. Compulsive gamblers To purge his sins, he devoted the rest of his life to doing goods. often see no way to purge their urges when suffocating debts suggest only one answer: a hot streak (suicide? ). David Phillips, a UC San Diego sociology professor, studied death records from 1982 to 1988 — before legalized gambling exploded across America — and found that people in Vegas, Atlantic City and other gambling meccas showed significantly higher suicide rates than people in non-gambling cities.
Rex Trivia is not about to kill himself, but like most compulsive gamblers, he occasionally thinks about it. Looking at him, it's hard bust: to imagine he once had a promising future as a smart young New 1. n. the human head, shoulders, and chest, esp. as shown in York book editor. His pale eyes are expressionless, his hair sculptur yellowish and brittle. In his fifties, his health is failing: emphysema, He collects busts of famous statesmen. three lung collapses, a bad aorta, rotting teeth. A stone bust of Cai Yuanpei was erected on His plunge has been so dizzying that at one point he agreed to the campus to honor the late principal of the aid another desperate gambler in a run of bank robberies — nine in university. all, throughout Los Angeles and Orange counties. When the FBI 2. v. (of the police) raid (a house) or arrest (sb. ); busted him in 1980, he had $50, 000 in cash in a dresser drawer break; smash and $100, 000 in traveler's checks in his refrigerator's vegetable Tom was busted on a charge of taking drugs. crisper. Rex, who ended up doing a short stint in prison, hasn't It was money troubles that bust up their marriage. seen that kind of money since.
Rex Trivia is not about to kill himself, but like most compulsive stint: n. a specified period of time spent doing sth. ; peson’s gamblers, he occasionally thinks about it. Looking at him, it's hard fixed amount of work, etc. to imagine he once had a promising future as a smart young New Washing the breakfast dishes was her daily stint. York book editor. His pale eyes are expressionless, his hair yellowish and brittle. In his fifties, his health is failing: emphysema, The work proceeded steadily, without stint or difficulty. three lung collapses, a bad aorta, rotting teeth. His plunge has been so dizzying that at one point he agreed to 做份内 作 do one’s stint aid another desperate gambler in a run of bank robberies — nine in 超额 作 exceed one’s stint all, throughout Los Angeles and Orange counties. When the FBI 不受限制地 without stint busted him in 1980, he had $50, 000 in cash in a dresser drawer spend money without stint and 花钱 如流水 in traveler's checks in his refrigerator's vegetable $100, 000 不遗 Rex, who labor without stint crisper. 余力地劳动 ended up doing a short stint in prison, hasn't seen that kind of money since. Collocation:
At 11 P. M. on a Tuesday night, with a bankroll of $55 — all he has — he is at a poker table in Gardena. With quick, nervous hands loiter：v. walk about slowly with frequent stops he stacks and unstacks his $1 chips. The stack dwindles. Down $30, he talks about leaving, getting some sleep. Midnight comes With weary steps, Jane loitered on her way home from the bus stop. and goes. Rex starts winning. Three aces. Four threes. Chips pile She loitered along the street, looking into all the shop up — $60, $70. "A shame to go when the cards are falling my way. " windows. Collocation: He checks the time: "I'll go at 2. Win, lose or draw. " Fate, kismet, luck — the cards keep falling. At 2 A. M. , Rex is 虚度光阴 loiter one’s time away up $97. He stands, leaves his chips on the table and goes out for a 四处闲 逛 loiter about smoke. In the darkness at the edge of the parking lot, he loiters with 消磨时间 loiter out the time 作懒 散 loiter over a job other regulars, debating with himself whether to grab a bus and quit.
After Reading 1. Useful Expressions 2. Spot Dictation 3. Discussion 4. Error Correction 5. Writing Practice 6. Proverbs and Quotations
Useful Expressions 1. 孤注一掷 go for broke 2. 嗜赌成瘾者 compulsive gamblers 3. 消除 wipe away 4. 失去尊严 lose one’s pride 5. 生存哲学 existential philosophy 6. 牌室的常客 card room regulars 7. 付出高昂的代价 pay a steep price 8. 主题公园 theme park
9. 不可救药的吸毒成瘾者 hard-core drug addicts 10. 在边缘摇摆 teeter on the verge 11. 虐待儿童 child abuse 12. 家庭暴力 domestic violence 13. 许多 a host of 14. 成为重大新闻 make headline 15. 无法理解 beyond one’s comprehension 16. 内心流血 bleed inside
17. 清醒起来 sober up 18. 为…而不顾一切 be desperate for 19. 保险单 insurance policy 20. 债台高筑 suffocating debts 21. 前途无量 promising future 22. 呆滞无神的双眼 expressionless eyes 23. 每况愈下的健康状况 failing health 24. 再玩几副 a few more hands
_______ Spot Dictation Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words you hear. The tragedy of gambling addition reaches far beyond those who have been into gambling. Family members pay a _____ lured _____ steep ______ price as well. They are frequently with the feeling of overwhelmed sadness and hopelessness. A nation-wide found that over survey _______ 2 million adults identified a gambling as a significant factor spouse’s ____ in a divorce. Children of gamblers are more likely to suffer prior neglect , as well as abuse. A few years ago, an Illinois mother was ______ of fraud for trying to collect a $200, 000 life insurance ____ convicted policy after her seven-year-old daughter. Prosecutors smothering _____ said that she killed the baby as she was short of cash to feed her gambling addiction, and her relatives _____ her as a woman portrayed ______ living in a world of lies and . A considerable body of deceit evidence showed that the expansion of legally gambling _____ sanctioned destroys individuals, ruined families, increases crime, and ____ ultimately costs society far more than the government collects. revenues ____ ■
Discussion Discuss the topic in groups: how to help the gamblers out. In a group, three members express their viewpoints from different angles (for example, the gamblers themselves, the family members, and the society).
Error Correction Directions: In the following passage, there altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. Example: Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1. time Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature as 2. / a school subject are valid for Λ study of television. 3. the
We are all naturally attracted to people with ideas, beliefs and interests like our own. Similarly, we feel comfortable with people with physical qualities similar as ours. We may have noticed about how people who live or work closely together come to behave in a similar way. Unconsciously we copy these we are close to or love or admire. So a sportsman’s individual way of walking with raised shoulders is imitated by an admired fan; a pair of lovers both shake their heads in the same way; an employer finds himself copying his boss’s habit of wagging a pen between his fingers while thinking. 1. _____ as → to 删去 about 2. _____ 3. ______ these → those admired → admiring 4. ________ employer → employee 5. _________
In every case, the influential person may consciously notice the imitation but he will feel comfortably in his presence. And if he does notice the matching of his gestures or movements, he finds it pleasing he is influencing people: they are drawn to them. Sensitive people have been mirroring their friend acquaintances all their lives, and winning affection and respect in this way without aware of their methods. Now, for people who want to win agreement or trust, affection or sympathy, some psychologists recommend the deliberate use of physical imitation. consciously → 6. _______ unconsciously _______ 7. ______ comfortably → ______ comfortable 8. ______ them → him 9. ________ friend → friends 在without 和aware 10. ________ 之间加being ________
Writing Practice Letters of Sympathy or Condolence 1. Introduction Letter-writing is an important communication skill. The letter you write is your personal representative. It takes your place when circumstances make it impossible for you to be there in person. When your relative or friend is suffering an injury, loss, or a bereavement, your letter of sympathy or condolence can be a proper way of expressing your concern and sympathy. The function of such letters is to comfort, and they should be posted promptly.
2. Appropriate expressions for letters of sympathy or condolence 1. For letters of sympathy your illness. very sorry the flood which more than sorry I am to hear about destroyed your house. surprised your injury in the car of deeply accident. distressed I can’t tell you how sorry I felt very sad indeed What a surprise to me How grieved I was when I heard of… I was informed of… the news came that…
2. For letters of condolence so the death extremely I am sorry to hear of/ of… the loss terribly grieved to learn most We have just heard/learned with profound sorrow/regret the sad/tragic news. It was a great/profound shock to hear… The sad news of… has filled my heart with profound regret. I can’t tell you how saddened I am to hear of… I wish I could do something to soften your grief. Please accept my heartfelt sympathy.
3. Examples Example 1. To a friend who is hospitalized Sept. 20 Dear John, I’ve just heard that you are in hospital. It must be quite a trying time for you. I hope that by the time this letter reaches you, you’ll be feeling a great deal better. I am sure that it won’t be long before you are completely yourself again. I look forward to your early recovery. Please don’t hesitate to contact me if there’s anything I can do to help. Very sincerely Harry
Example 2. To a friend or relative whose house was damaged July 15 Dear Mary, What a shock it was to learn of the damage to your house by Hurricane Betsy, so sudden and unexpected, but I felt relieved that yourself weren’t hurt. I know how much you love that house, and I also know how warm and welcoming it was to visit there. Now, I just want to send you my love and sympathy, along with my very best wishes that everything can be repaired soon. Truly yours Christina
Example 3. To a friend whose mother has passed away October 20 Dear Charles, I am indeed saddened to hear of your mother’s passing away. My thoughts and sympathy are with you at this sad time. I know how close you were to your mother, and I recall your many loving comments about how helpful and supportive she was to the people in her life. She was so kind, blessed with a fine soul. Please convey my regards and best wishes to your family. Sincerely Harry
4. Homework 1. You have just learned that a friend of yours is ill and hospitalized. Write a letter expressing sympathy and all of your family’s earnest wishes for his/her speedy recovery, and telling him/her that you are sending him/her a best-seller to help while away the time. 2. You heard of the loss of your friend’s father today. Write a few sincere, well-chosen words consoling your grief-stricken friend.
Proverbs and Quotations 1. The best throw of the dice is to throw them away. 掷骰子的最好方法就是把它们扔掉。 2. Gambling is the child of avarice, the brother of iniquity, and the father of mischief. — George Washington 赌博是贪婪的孩子，不平等的兄弟，祸害的父亲。 —— 乔治 • 华盛顿 3. You cannot get anything out of nature or from God by gambling. — John Ruskin, British Critic Social Theorist 人不可能通过赌博从大自然或上帝那里得到任何东西。 —— 英国社会批评理论家 约翰 • 拉斯金
4. I can't believe that God plays dice with the universe. — Albert Einstein 我相信上帝是不会和人类掷骰子的。 —— 爱尔伯特 • 爱因斯坦 5. Gambling promises the poor what property performs for the rich. — George Bernard Shaw 赌博对穷人的承诺就像财产对富人所做的那样。 — 乔治 • 肖伯纳 6. Shallow men believe in luck. Strong men believe in cause and effect. — Ralph Waldo Emerson 肤浅的人相信运气，而强大的人相信有因才有果。 —— 拉尔夫 • 沃尔朵 • 爱默生
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