Before Reading 1. English Song -- Saturday Night Special Listen to the Song Questions about the Song 2. Airport Security 3. Security Systems 4. Some Security Measures in Ancient Time 5. Security Situations in the USA Terrorist Attacks on Sep. 11, 2001 President Bush’s Address American Campus Shooting
Listen to the Song ■
Questions about the Song 1. Who is Mr. Saturday Night Special? The gun. 2. What is the message of the song? It’s dangerous to have guns.
Airport Security ■
Security Systems Hold a discussion within students to see what equipment we usually use to keep us safe. _ dead-bolt locks _ __ security chains _ _ electronic alarm systems _ _ rape whistles trip wires _ Security _ sliding glass doors with steel bars _ high-intensity light electronic X-ray equipment access cards
Some Security Measures in Ancient Time The Great Wall Castle
The Great Wall Listen and answer the following questions. ■
The Great Wall Listen and answer the following questions. 1. What was the aim of building the Great Wall originally? To protect China’s northern border in the 3 rd century BC. 2. Where are the ruins of the Great Wall located now? From Bo Hai in the east to Gansu Province in the west.
Castles were built in places where they could be easily defended. A position on high ground provided the defenders with a view of the surrounding countryside, making attacks more difficult. In flat areas, castles were surrounded by a protective moat. ■
Terrorist Attacks on Sept. 11, 2001 Word Matching True or False
Terrorist Attacks on Sept. 11, 2001 Match the words in Column A which you will hear in the passage with the correct meanings in Column B. Column A Column B 1. dominate A. to be in a state of confusion 2. undeniable B. fall down 3. reel C. to control or govern 4. devastation D. severe damage 5. casualties E. people killed or injured in an accident 6. collapse F. unquestionably true ■ KEY
Terrorist Attacks on Sept. 11, 2001 Listen and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). ■
Terrorist Attacks on Sept. 11, 2001 Listen and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). BR（ tf 2 ）
Terrorist Attacks on Sept. 11, 2001 Listen and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 1. The twin towers were located in upper Manhattan. ( F ) They were located in lower Manhattan. 2. Many people claimed that the buildings went on well with the surroundings. ( F ) Many critics stated that they didn’t relate to their surroundings. 3. In 1993, the World Trade Center was attacked, but fortunately no one was hurt. ( F ) Six people were killed and more than a thousand were injured.
Terrorist Attacks on Sept. 11, 2001 Listen and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 4. The terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 happened in the morning. ( T ) 5. The casualties of this terrorist attack were fewer than those of the attack on Pearl Harbor. ( F ) The terrorist attack on September 11 caused more lives than the attack on Pearl Harbor.
President Bush’s Address On Sept. 11 th Ladies and gentlemen: This is a ____ moment for America. I, difficult Washington unfortunately, will be going back to ______ after my remarks. Secretary Rod Paige and the Lieutenant Governor ( 副州长) will take the podium (讲台) and discuss _____ I education. do want to thank the folks here at Booker Elementary School for their. Today hospitality _____ we’ve had a national tragedy. Two have crashed into the Center in airplanes World Trade ___________ an terrorist apparentattack on our country. I have spoken to ____ the Vice President, to the of New York, Governor ____ ■
President Bush’s Address On Sept. 11 th FBI to the Director of the ____ , and have ordered that the full _____ of the federal government go to help the resources victims and their families, and to conduct a full-scale investigation ______ to hunt down and to find those folks who ____ committed this act. Terrorism against our nation will not stand. And now if you would join me in a moment of ______. May God bless the victims, their _______ , and silence families _______ America. Thank you very much. ■
American Campus Shooting Click the red arrows!
American Campus Shooting Los Angeles: On October 11, 1999, five students were fatally wounded in a Jewish community center. Click to return! Click the red arrows!
American Campus Shooting Springfield: On May 21 st, 1998, a freshman student opened fire with a semiautomatic rifle in a high school cafeteria, killing two students and wounding 22 others. The teenager’s parents were later found shot to death in their home. Click to return! Click the red arrows!
American Campus Shooting Littleton: On April 20 th, 1999, two teenage students opened fire on classmates and teachers in their suburban Denver school, killing 15 people including themselves. Click to return! Click the red arrows!
American Campus Shooting Fayetteville: On May 19 th, 1998, a high school senior shot and killed another student in the school parking lot at Lincoln County High School. Click to return! Click the red arrows!
American Campus Shooting Pearl: On October 1 st, 1997, a 16 -year-old student in Pearl, Mississippi, is accused of killing his mother, then going to school and shooting nine students. Two of them died. Click to return! Click the red arrows!
American Campus Shooting Detroit: On December 11 th, 1998, Wayne State University professor was shot and killed while collecting final exams from his engineering students when the gunman stepped into the classroom and opened fire with a rifle. The professor fell wounded to the floor, only to be shot again by the man who took the time to reload. Click to return! Click the red arrows!
Global Reading 1. Part Division of the Text 2. Further Understanding For Part 1 True or False For Part 2 Supporting Facts for the Central Idea Discussion Sentence Completion For Part 3 Questions and Answers 3. Word Scanning
Part Division of the Text Parts Lines 1 1~11 2 12~60 3 61~74 Main Ideas In America, the era of leaving the front door on the latch has drawn to a close. A new atmosphere of fear and distrust creeps into every aspect of daily life. As a result, security devices, in varied forms, are put to use. By locking our fears out, we become prisoners of our own making.
True or False 1. The phrase “on the latch” means the door is closed and locked. ( F ) This phrase means the door is closed but unlocked. 2. Nowadays, doors, not only in cities but also in rural areas, are locked. ( T ) 3. Urban streets are more dangerous than outskirts and country areas. ( F ) Suburbs and country areas are more dangerous than urban streets. 4. In America nowadays, no one leaves his front door on the latch anymore. ( T )
Supporting Facts for the Central Idea In this part the author uses lots of facts to support his central point of view: America is deteriorating from “the Land of the Free” into “the most insecure nation”. Could you find any more supporting facts in addition to those listed below? 1. Doors are not left unlocked either in cities or in rural areas. 2. Dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires are widely in use. 3. Suburban families have steel bars built in sliding glass doors.
Supporting Facts for the Central Idea 4. Small notices warning against burglary are commonly seen pasted on the windows of the most pleasant of homes. 5. Access cards are required of those who work with medium-to-large-size companies. 6. Airport security uses electronic X-ray equipment to guard against terrorism. 7. Businessmen employ new machines linked up to their telephone to determine whether the caller is telling lies or not. 8. Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their key chains.
Discussion In Line 19 to Line 22, the author mentions a public service advertisement by a large insurance company. Discuss the following questions. 1. What does this ad point out? The lock is the new symbol of America. 2. What is the author’s purpose of using this example?
Sentence Completion Read Part 2 carefully and supply the missing information. defending ourselves 1. We have become so used to _________ against the new atmosphere of American life 2. __________________ and so 3. used putting up barriers to ________. 2. We are satisfied _______________. when we think we are well-protected 3. With electronic X-ray equipment, we seem finally to have figured out a way to hold the terrorists at bay _____________________. even so much a luxury 4. We do not want to afford ourselves _________ as a shadow.
Questions and Answers 1) Under what excuse do people resort to all these means mentioned in Part 2? In the name of “Security”. 2) Does the author think they are justified in doing so? No. Because in the author’s opinion, America becomes the most insecure nation with all these means. 3) According to the author, what may be the legacy we remember best when we recall this era? We became prisoners of ourselves when we deal with the unseen horrors among us.
Word Scanning 1. Scan the text to find all the sentences containing the word “ lock ” or the word with “ lock ” as its root. 1) … the door was closed but not locked. ( Line 3) 1) …doors replaced by dead-bolt Line 7) 2) It has been do not stay unlocked ( locks, security chains, 2) … a alarm of a child’s Line 12) electronic picturesystem … ( bicycle with the now-usual padlock a new symbol of America. ( Line 19) Back 3) The lock is attached to it. (Line 22) 4) … the transformation of America from the Land of the Free to the Land these sentences, summarize the main idea of this 2. Based on of the Lock. ( Line 27) 5) … we devise ways to lock the fear out. ( Line 62) text. 6) We may have locked the evils out, but in so doing we have locked ourselves in. ( Line 71) Back
THE LAND OF THE LOCK Bob Greene In the house where I grew up, it was our custom to leave the front door on the latch at night. I don’t know if that was a local term or if it is universal; “on the latch” meant the door was closed but not locked. None of us carried keys; the last one in for the evening would close up, and that was it. Those days are over. In rural areas as well as in cities, doors do not stay unlocked, even for part of an evening.
THE LAND OF THE LOCK 1. What do “local” and “universal” mean respectively? Bob Greene In the house where I grew up, it was our the front door on the latch at night. I don’t know if that was a local term 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. or if it is universal; “on the latch” meant the 我不知道这是当地的一种说法，还是大家都是这么说的…… door was closed but not locked. None of us carried keys; the last one in for the evening would close up, and that was it. Those days are over. In rural areas as well as in cities, doors do not stay unlocked, even for part of an evening. “Local” means “of a particular place”, while “universal” custom to leave means “common to all conditions, or situations”.
THE LAND OF THE LOCK Paraphrase the sentence. Bob Greene In the house where I grew up, it was our the front door on the latch at night. I don’t know if that was a local term or if it is universal; “on the latch” meant the door was closed but not locked. None of us carried keys; the last one in for the evening would close up, and that was it. Those days are over. In rural areas as well as in cities, doors do not stay unlocked, even for part of an evening. … doors are always locked, even just for a short period custom to leave of time in the evening.
THE LAND OF THE LOCK Bob Greene In the house where I grew up, it was our custom to leave the front door on the latch at night. I don’t know if that was a local term or if it is universal; “on the latch” meant the door was closed but not locked. None of us carried keys; the last one in for the evening would close up, and that was it. Those days are over. In rural areas as well as in cities, doors do not stay unlocked, even for part of an evening.
THE LAND OF THE LOCK Bob Greene on the latch: (of a door) closed but not locked In the house where I grew up, it was our custom to leave the front door on the latch Let yourself in; the door is on the latch. at night. I don’t know if that was a local term Don’t forget to leave the front door on the or if it is universal; “on the latch” meant the latch if you go to bed before I come back. door was closed but not locked. None of us carried keys; the last one in for the evening would close up, and that was it. Those days are over. In rural areas as well as in cities, doors do not stay unlocked, even for part of an evening.
THE LAND OF THE LOCK Bob Greene In the house where I grew up, it was our custom to By the year 2003 urban residents will outnumber rural leave the front door on the latch residents in most developing countries. at night. I don’t know if that was a local term or if it is universal; “on the latch” meant the 庄稼种在乡村地区。 door was closed but not locked. None of us Crops are grown in rural areas. carried keys; the last one in for the evening would close up, and that was it. Those days are over. In rural areas as well as in cities, doors do not stay unlocked, even for part of an evening. rural: a. of, in or suggesting the countryside
Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable than well-patroled urban streets. Statistics show the crime rate rising more dramatically in those allegedly tranquil areas than in cities. At any rate, the era of leaving the front door on the latch is over. It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.
Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable than well-patroled urban streets. Statistics show the crime rate rising more dramatically in those allegedly tranquil areas than in cities. At any rate, the era of leaving the front door on the latch is over. It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.
Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable than well-patroled urban streets. vulnerable: a. exposed to. Statistics show the crime rate rising more dramatically in danger or attack; unprotected those allegedly tranquil areas than in cities. At any rate, Compared with Saudi Arabian soccer team, the Chinese the team is more vulnerable. era of leaving the front door on the latch is over. It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security 你的论点相当容易受到批评。 chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up Your arguments are rather vulnerable to criticism. to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.
Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable than well-patroled urban streets. urban: a. of, situated in or living in a city or town Statistics show the crime rate rising more dramatically in those allegedly tranquil Motor vehicle emissions, to a large extent, areas than in cities. At any rate, responsible for urban air pollution. the era of leaving the front door on the latch is over. It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security Collocation： chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up 市区 urban districts to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban 城市人口 the urban population families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel 市区 urban areas bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.
CF: urban & municipal 这 两个词 都有“都市的、城市的”之意。 Suburbs urban 指以都市中心为 主的行政区。例如： and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable than Nowadays, as the population and vehicles increase, well-patroled urban streets. Statistics show urban districts seem to be more crowded. the crime rate rising more dramatically in those allegedly tranquil areas than in cities. At any rate, 如今，随着人口增长和交通 具增多，市区似乎变得更拥挤了。 Our government has the era of much attention front door on the latch is over. always paid leaving the to the life of the urban poor. It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security 我们的政府历来都重视城市贫民的生活。 chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up municipal 主要指与城市、市镇 或其政府相关的部门、服务 机构，尤指市政 to a police station or private 府机构管辖 下属于公共的、为 公众服务 的设 施、事业 等。例如 guard firm. Many suburban families have police and fire Cities usually use taxes for education, sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so departments, public works and municipal buildings. no one can pry the doors open. 城市通常将税收用于教育、公安和消防部门、公共设施和市政建设。
Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable than well-patroled urban streets. Statistics show the crime rate rising more dramatically in statistics: n. collection of information expressed in numbers those allegedly tranquil areas than in cities. At any rate, The statistics indicate that roughly every 22 years a major the era of leaving the front door on the latch is over. drought occurs in the United States. It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security 进行统计 chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up collect/take statistics to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.
Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even tranquil: a. calm, quite and undisturbed more vulnerable than well-patroled urban streets. The old man is living a tranquil life showcountry. Statistics in the crime rate rising more dramatically in those allegedly tranquil and Visitors like to stay in this hotel because it is beautiful areas than in cities. At any rate, located in a tranquil lake area. of leaving the front door on the latch is over. the era tranquility: n. state of being tranquil has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security It 尖厉的惊叫声打破了夜晚的宁静。 chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up A sharp cry of surprise disturbed the station or private guard firm. Many suburban to a police tranquility of the night. families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.
CF: tranquil & calm 这 两个词 都有“安静的、平静的”之意。 tranquil 指安宁的、平静的。例如： Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even urban streets. Statistics show 我们在河岸上找到一块宁静的地方休息了一下。 the crime rate rising more dramatically in those allegedly tranquil little She has a tranquil life in the country, in a out-of-way areas than in cities. At any rate, village. the era of leaving the front door on the latch is over. 她在乡间一座偏僻的小村子里过着宁静的生活。 It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security calm 表示平静的、镇 静的，指一种毫无迷惑与兴奋 的宁静状态 。例如： chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban He went straight into his room, his face quite calm. families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel 他径直走进自己的房间，脸色十分平静。 bars elegantly built in so She remained calm on the face of imminent disaster. no one can pry the doors open. We found a tranquil spot on the bank of a river to have a more vulnerable than well-patroled rest. 灾难临头而她镇静自若。
Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable than well-patroled urban streets. the era of space travel Statistics show the crime rate rising more dramatically in The Christian era starts with the birth of Christ. those allegedly tranquil areas than in cities. At any rate, Our era produces a host of heroes and heroines. the era of leaving the front door on the latch is over. 我们现在正处于一个新的伟大的信息时代。 been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security It has chains, of information. We are now in a great new eraelectronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open. era: n. a period of history or a long period of time
Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable than electronic: n. of or relating to electronics or devices and well-patroled urban streets. systems developed through electronics Statistics show the crime rate rising more dramatically in Use of the Internet is those allegedly tranquil areas than in cities. At any rate, replacing other forms of electronic communication. the era of leaving the front door on the latch is over. It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.
Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable than well-patroled urban streets. hook up to: connect or attach (sth. ) to ( sth. else) with or as Statistics show the crime rate rising more dramatically in if with a hook those allegedly tranquil areas than in cities. At any rate, My computer is hooked up to the Internet, so I can communicate with my the era at home via email. front door on the latch is over. students of leaving the It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security The alarm systems in the banks are hooked up to chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up the local police station. to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.
Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable build in (into): make (sth. ) as part of the structure than well-patroled urban streets. Statistics show the crime rate rising more dramatically in The cupboards in the kitchen are all built in. those allegedly tranquil areas than in cities. At any rate, We are having shelves built into the wall over thefront door on the latch is over. the era of leaving the bed. It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.
pry: 1. vt. force sth. open or away from a surface Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable than well-patroled urban streets. Her car trunk had been pried open and all her equipment was gone. Statistics show the crime rate rising more dramatically in 你能不能帮我不打破这个木箱盖而撬开它? those allegedly tranquil areas than in cities. At any rate, Can you help me pry the cover of this wooden box the era off leaving the front door on the latch is over. without breaking it? It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security 2. vi. look or inquire closely and curiously chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up Don’t pry into the affairs of others. station or private guard firm. Many suburban to a police Collocation： families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel 到处窥探 pry about bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open. pry into 窥探，打听
It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company. The lock is the new symbol of America. Indeed, a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child’s bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.
It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the What can be commonly seen pasted on the windows of the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that most pleasant homes? guard company. Small notices warning against burglary are commonly The lock is the new symbol of seen pasted on the windows of the most pleasant of Indeed, a recent public-service America. homes. advertisement by a large insurance company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child’s bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.
It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the What is the insurance company’s intention of running an premises are attached to a kid’s ad with a picture showing a padlock under surveillance by this security force or that bicycle? guard company. The insurance company wants to show what danger. The lock is the new symbol of America. people are in now because they may get the kid’s bicycle Indeed, a recent public-service stolen. advertisement by a large insurance company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child’s bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.
It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company. The lock is the new symbol of America. Indeed, a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child’s bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.
It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the paste: vt. stick sth. with glue premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company. A notice had been pasted to the door. The lock is the new symbol of 这个年轻人将他最喜欢的歌手的照片贴在墙上。 America. Indeed, a recent public-service The young man pasted the pictures of his favorite advertisement by a large insurance singer on the wall. company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child’s bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.
premise: n. 1) (pl. ) all the buildings and land that an institution occupies on one site It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to I showed him off the premises. pasted on the windows small notices announcing that There is a kitchen on the premises. see the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that 警察认为小偷仍在屋内。 guard company. The police think the thief is still on the premises. The lock is the new symbol of 2) sth. that you accept as true and use as a basis for another idea or way of thinking (usu. followed by that-clause) America. Indeed, a recent public-service It was the lawyer’s premise that his client was innocent. advertisement by a large insurance I’m rather questioning whether the whole premise is correct. company featured not charts showing how Collocation： much at risk we are, but a picture of a 假设 an assumed premise child’s bicycle with the now-usual padlock an unsound premise 站不住脚的假设 attached to it.
feature: 1. vt. give a prominent part to (sb. /sth. ) a film featuring famous actorsnot It is uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see 报纸 在显 著位置报 道那个事件。 pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the The newspaper featured the storyare under surveillance by this security force or that premises of the event. 这出戏有两位著名的演员 。 guard company. The play featured two well-known actors. The lock is the new symbol of 2. n. a prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic America. Indeed, a recent public-service The building contained many new features of construction. advertisement by a large insurance Collocation： company featured not charts showing how 独一无二的特征 a unique feature much at risk we are, but a picture of a a key feature 主要特征 child’s bicycle with the now-usual padlock 显著特征 a notable feature attached to it. make a feature of 以……为特色；注重
It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see chart: n. a diagram, picture, or graph which is intended to pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the make information easier to understand premises are under surveillance by this security force or that The chart showed the decline in the company’s sales guard company. during the year. The weather chart shows where rain fell over China yesterday. lock is the new symbol of The Collocation： America. Indeed, a recent public-service 编制图表 compile a chart advertisement by a large insurance consult a chart 查看图表 company featured not charts showing how 流程图 a flow chart much at risk we are, but a picture of a a statistical chart 统计图表 child’s bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.
The ad pointed out that, yes, it is the insurance companies that pay for stolen goods, but who is going to pay for what the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing to our way of life? Who is going to make the psychic payment for the transformation of America from the Land of the Free to the Land of the Lock? For this is what has happened. We have become so used to defending ourselves against the new atmosphere of American life, so used to putting up barriers, that we have not had time to think about what it may mean. For some reason we are satisfied when we think we are well-protected; it does not occur to us to ask ourselves: Why has this happened?
The ad pointed out that, yes, it is the insurance companies that pay for stolen goods, but who is going to pay for what the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing to our way of life? Who is going to make the psychic payment for the transformation of America from the Land of the Free to the Land of the Lock? For this is what has happened. We have become so used to defending ourselves against the new atmosphere of American life, so used to putting up barriers, that we have not had time to think about what it may mean. For some reason we are satisfied when we think we are well-protected; it does not occur to us to ask ourselves: Why has this happened?
barrier: n. thing that prevents progress or movement The ad pointed out that, yes, it is the insurance The football fans broke through the barriers andfor stolen goods, but who is going to pay companies that pay rushed onto the pitch. for what the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing to The English Channel was a barrier against Nazi ground forces. our way of life? Who is going to make the psychic payment for the transformation of America from the Land of the Free The police put a barrier across the road. to the Land of the Lock? Collocation： For this is what has happened. We have become so used 贸易壁垒 trade barrier to 文化阻隔 defending ourselves against the new atmosphere of cultural barrier American life, so used to putting up barriers, that we have 语言障碍 language barrier had time to think about what it may mean. geographical barrier not地理阻隔 For some reason we are satisfied when we think we are well-protected; it does not occur to us to ask ourselves: Why has this happened? 警察设了路障。
Why are we having to barricade ourselves against our neighbors and fellow citizens, and when, exactly, did this start to take over our lives? And it has taken over. If you work for a medium-to-large-size company, chances are that you don’t just wander in and out of work. You probably carry some kind of access card, electronic or otherwise, that allows you in and out of your place of work. Maybe the security guard at the front desk knows your face and will wave you in most days, but the fact remains that the business you work for feels threatened enough to keep outsiders away via these “keys. ”
Why are we having to barricade ourselves against our neighbors and fellow citizens, and when, exactly, did this start to take over our 1. What is a medium- to large-size company? lives? And it has taken over. A company which is between medium-sized and large- If you work for a sized. medium-to-large-size company, chances are that you don’t just wander 2. Paraphrase the structure “chances are that …” in and out of work. You probably carry some kind of access card, It is very likely that … electronic or otherwise, that allows you in and Example: Chances are that we will win easily. 我们很可能会轻松取胜。 of your place of work. Maybe the security out guard at the front desk knows your face and will wave you in most days, but the fact remains that the business you work for feels threatened enough to keep outsiders away via these “keys. ”
Why are we having to barricade ourselves against our neighbors and fellow citizens, and when, exactly, did this start to take over our lives? And it has taken over. If you work for a medium-to-large-size company, chances are that you don’t just wander in and out of work. You probably carry some kind of access card, electronic or otherwise, that allows you in and out of your place of work. Maybe the security guard at the front desk knows your face and will wave you in most days, but the fact remains that the business you work for feels threatened enough to keep outsiders away via these “keys. ”
Why are we having to barricade ourselves against our neighbors and fellow citizens, and when, exactly, did this 1. n. a barrier of large objects, intended to stop an enemy start to take over our lives? Barbed-wire barricades blocked off all the main streets. barricade: Protesters have been putting up barricades across a And it has taken number of major streets. over. If you work for a medium-to-large-size company, chances are Collocation： that you don’t just wander in and out of work. 设置路障 place/erect/set up/put up barricades You probably carry some kind of access card, remove/demolish/tear down barricades 拆除路障 electronic or otherwise, that allows you in and out of your place of work. Maybe the security guard at the front desk knows your face and will wave you in most days, but the fact remains that the business you work for feels threatened enough to keep outsiders away via these “keys. ”
Why are we having to barricade ourselves against our 2. vt. block with a barricade neighbors and fellow citizens, and when, exactly, did this Workers in Spain barricaded roads and clashedlives? start to take over our with police. Pattern: barricade oneself against barricade oneself into. And it has taken over. If you work for a medium-to-large-size company, chances are barricade oneself against outside moral decay that you don’t just wander in and out of work. barricade oneself into one’s room You probably carry some kind of access card, The families in this remote village have practically electronic or otherwise, that allows you in and barricaded themselves into their homes. out of your place of work. Maybe the security guard at the front desk knows your face and will wave you in most days, but the fact remains that the business you work for feels threatened enough to keep outsiders away via these “keys. ”
It wasn’t always like this. Even a decade ago, most private businesses had a policy of free access. It simply didn’t occur to managers that the proper thing to do was to distrust people. Look at the airports. Parents used to take children out to departure gates to watch planes land take off. That’s all gone. Airports are no longer a place of education and fun; they are the most sophisticated of security sites. With electronic X-ray equipment, we seem finally to have figured out a way to hold the terrorists, real and imagined, at bay; it was such a relief to solve this problem that we did not think much about what such a state of affairs says about the quality of our lives.
It wasn’t always like this. Even a decade ago, most private businesses had a policy of free access. It simply didn’t occur 1. Paraphrase the structure “It occurs to sb. that …” to managers that the proper thing to do was to distrust people. Sb. gets the idea that … Look at the airports. use Example: It suddenly occurred to me that we could Parents used to take children out to a computer to do the job. departure gates to watch planes land take off. That’s all 我突然意识到可以用电脑来做这个 作。 gone. Airports are no longer a place of education and fun; 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. they are the most sophisticated of security sites. 那时管理人员根本没想到过恰当的手段是不信任他人。 With electronic X-ray equipment, we seem finally to have figured out a way to hold the terrorists, real and imagined, at bay; it was such a relief to solve this problem that we did not think much about what such a state of affairs says about the quality of our lives.
It wasn’t always like this. Even a decade ago, most private businesses had a policy of free access. It simply didn’t occur to managers that the proper thing to do was to distrust people. Paraphrase the sentence. Look at the airports. Parents used to take children out to departure gates to watch planes land take off. That’s all Finally, we found the way to keep away the terrorists, no matter whether they gone. Airports are no longer a place of education and fun; are real or imagined in our mind. they are the most sophisticated of security sites. With electronic X-ray equipment, we seem finally to have figured out a way to hold the terrorists, real and imagined, at bay; it was such a relief to solve this problem that we did not think much about what such a state of affairs says about the quality of our lives.
It wasn’t always like this. Even a decade ago, most private businesses had a policy of free access. It simply didn’t occur to managers that the proper thing to do was to distrust people. Look at the airports. Parents used to take children out to departure gates to watch planes land take off. That’s all gone. Airports are no longer a place of education and fun; they are the most sophisticated of security sites. With electronic X-ray equipment, we seem finally to have figured out a way to hold the terrorists, real and imagined, at bay; it was such a relief to solve this problem that we did not think much about what such a state of affairs says about the quality of our lives.
It wasn’t always like this. Even a decade ago, most private businesses had a policy of free access. It simply didn’t occur hold/keep (sb. ) at bay: to managers that the proper thing to do was to distrust people. prevent (an enemy, pursuers, etc. ) from coming near Look at the airports. Parents used to take children out to Eating oranges keeps colds at bay. departure gates to watch planes land take off. That’s all She left the light on at night to keep her fears at bay. gone. Airports are no longer a place of education and fun; they are the most sophisticated of security sites. With electronic X-ray equipment, we seem finally to have figured out a way to hold the terrorists, real and imagined, at bay; it was such a relief to solve this problem that we did not think much about what such a state of affairs says about the quality of our lives.
We now pass through these electronic friskers without so much as a sideways glance; the machines, and what they stand for, have won. Our neighborhoods are bathed in high-intensity light; we do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a shadow. Businessmen, in increasing numbers, are purchasing new machines that hook up to the telephone and analyze a caller’s voice. The machines are supposed to tell the businessman, with a small margin of error, whether his friend or client is telling lies. All this is being done in the name of “security”; this is what we tell ourselves. We are fearful, and so we devise ways to lock the fear out, and that, we decide, is what security means.
We now pass through these electronic friskers without so much as a sideways glance; the machines, and what they stand for, have won. Our neighborhoods are bathed in high-intensity light; we Paraphrase the sentence. do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a shadow. The machines are thought to be able to tell the Businessmen, in increasing numbers, are purchasing businessman whether his friend or client is telling lies with little probability of making mistakes. new machines that hook up to the telephone and analyze a caller’s voice. The machines are supposed to tell the businessman, with a small margin of error, whether his friend or client is telling lies. All this is being done in the name of “security”; this is what we tell ourselves. We are fearful, and so we devise ways to lock the fear out, and that, we decide, is what security means.
We now pass through these electronic friskers without so much as a sideways glance; the machines, and what they stand for, have won. 1. Why does the author use Our neighborhoods are bathed in high-intensity light; we the quotation marks? do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a This is not real security. People are living in the illusion shadow. that they are properly protected by these security means. Businessmen, in increasing numbers, are purchasing 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. that hook up to the telephone and analyze a new machines 所有这一切都是以 “安全”的名义实施的 ; 我们是这么跟自己说的。 caller’s voice. The machines are supposed to tell the businessman, with a small margin of error, whether his friend or client is telling lies. All this is being done in the name of “security”; this is what we tell ourselves. We are fearful, and so we devise ways to lock the fear out, and that, we decide, is what security means.
We now pass through these electronic friskers without so much as a sideways glance; the machines, and what they stand for, have won. Our neighborhoods are bathed in high-intensity light; we do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a shadow. Businessmen, in increasing numbers, are purchasing new machines that hook up to the telephone and analyze a caller’s voice. The machines are supposed to tell the businessman, with a small margin of error, whether his friend or client is telling lies. All this is being done in the name of “security”; this is what we tell ourselves. We are fearful, and so we devise ways to lock the fear out, and that, we decide, is what security means.
We now pass through these electronic friskers without so much as a sideways glance; the machines, and what they sideways: a. , ad. to, towards orfor, have won. stand from the side Our neighborhoods are bathed in high-intensity light; we Alfred shot him a sideways glance. do not want to can get everyone If you would move sideways to the left, I afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a on the picture. shadow. 我们把桌子斜向一边以便把它搬进房间里。 Businessmen, in increasing numbers, are purchasing We turned the table sideways to get it into the hook up to the telephone and analyze a new machines that room. caller’s voice. The machines are supposed to tell the businessman, with a small margin of error, whether his friend or client is telling lies. All this is being done in the name of “security”; this is what we tell ourselves. We are fearful, and so we devise ways to lock the fear out, and that, we decide, is what security means.
We now pass through these electronic friskers without so much as a sideways glance; the machines, and what they stand for, have won. stand for: represent; mean Our neighborhoods are bathed in high-intensity light; we What does NB stand for? do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a The symbol % stands for percent. shadow. 约翰一直支持正确的事情。 Businessmen, in increasing numbers, are purchasing John always stands new machines that hook up to the telephone and analyze a for what is right. caller’s voice. The machines are supposed to tell the businessman, with a small margin of error, whether his friend or client is telling lies. All this is being done in the name of “security”; this is what we tell ourselves. We are fearful, and so we devise ways to lock the fear out, and that, we decide, is what security means.
We now pass through these electronic friskers without so much as a sideways glance; the machines, and what they stand for, have won. analyze: vt. examine or think about sth. carefully, in order to Our neighborhoods are bathed in high-intensity light; we understand it do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure. shadow. 科学家分析了一下牛奶，发现里面水分过多。 Businessmen, in increasing numbers, are purchasing The scientist analyzed the milk and found it contained too much new machines that hook up to the telephone and analyze a water. caller’s voice. The machines are supposed to tell the businessman, with a small margin of error, whether his friend or client is telling lies. All this is being done in the name of “security”; this is what we tell ourselves. We are fearful, and so we devise ways to lock the fear out, and that, we decide, is what security means.
We now pass through these electronic friskers without so machines, and what they margin: n. an amount by which a thing is won or falls short much as a sideways glance; the Collocation： stand 以微弱/较大的多数；幅度较小/大地 with/by a small/large margin for, have won. Our neighborhoods are bathed in high-intensity light; we do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a Demand for college education exceeds capacity by a large shadow. margin. With the improvement of their living conditions, in increasing numbers, are purchasing Businessmen, people’s demand for air-conditioning has increased by hook up to the telephone and analyze a new machines that a large margin of error: the degree to which a calculation might or can caller’s voice. The machines are supposed to tell the be wrong businessman, with a small margin of error, whether his friend The survey has a margin of error of 2. 1%. or client is telling lies. Obviously the figure is subject to a huge margin of error. All this is being done in the name of “security”; this is what we tell ourselves. We are fearful, and so we devise ways to lock the fear out, and that, we decide, is what security means. Governor Bush won the election but by a small margin.
error: n. mistake We now pass through these electronic friskers without so Her name was omitted by error. a sideways glance; the machines, and what they much as stand for, have error. The accident was caused by human won. Our neighborhoods are bathed in high-intensity light; we Collocation： do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a 承认错误 admit/acknowledge an error shadow. 纠正错误 amend/correct/rectify an error Businessmen, in increasing numbers, are purchasing 犯错误 commit/make an error new machines that hook up to the telephone and analyze a caller’s voice. The machines are supposed to tell the businessman, with a small margin of error, whether his friend or client is telling lies. All this is being done in the name of “security”; this is what we tell ourselves. We are fearful, and so we devise ways to lock the fear out, and that, we decide, is what security means.
CF: error, mistake & fault We now pass through these electronic friskers without so 这三个词都有“错误、缺点”之意。 sideways glance; the machines, and what they much as a error 通常指由于疏误 而导 致的行动 上的错误 或偏差，在实际 运用中 stand for, have won. 多指由于背离某种标 准的偏差。例如： Our neighborhoods are bathed in high-intensity light; we This is an error in grammar. 这是一个语法错误。 do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a shadow. These are printers’ errors. Businessmen, in increasing numbers, are purchasing 这些是排印上的错误。 mistake 多用于指缺乏正确的判断、理解、计算等而造成的错误， up to the telephone and analyze a new machines that hook 这种在行动或看法上的错误有时是无意的。例如： caller’s voice. The machines are supposed to tell the The teacher found several spelling mistakes in the pupil’s businessman, with a small margin of error, whether his friend written answers. or client is telling lies. 老师在学生的书面作业中发现了几处拼写错误。 All I took his umbrella by mistake. this is being done in the name of “security”; this is what we tell ourselves. We are fearful, and so we devise 我错拿了他的伞。 ways to lock the fear out, and that, we decide, is what security means.
We now pass through these electronic friskers without so much as a sideways glance; 宽 恕的错误 ，含有当事人对 造成的过错应负责 任的意味。例如： the machines, and what they stand for, have won. With all his faults, he is still a good student. Our neighborhoods are bathed in high-intensity light; we 尽管他有这些缺点，他还是个好学生。 do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a It’s your own fault. shadow. 这是你自己的过错。 Businessmen, in increasing numbers, are purchasing new machines that hook up to the telephone and analyze a caller’s voice. The machines are supposed to tell the businessman, with a small margin of error, whether his friend or client is telling lies. All this is being done in the name of “security”; this is what we tell ourselves. We are fearful, and so we devise ways to lock the fear out, and that, we decide, is what security means. fault 可表示人或物的缺点和毛病。用于人的过错时 ，多用于小且能
But no; with all this “security, ” we are perhaps the most insecure nation in the history of civilized man. What better word to describe the way in which we have been forced to live? What sadder reflection on all that we have become in this new and puzzling time? We trust no one. Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their station wagon key chains. We have become so smart about self-protection that, in the end, we have all outsmarted ourselves. We may have locked the evils out, but in so doing we have locked ourselves in.
But no; with all 1. Explain “we have all outsmarted ourselves. ” this “security, ” we are perhaps the most insecure nation in the history of civilized man. What better “Outsmart” means “gain the advantage over by cunning or word to describe the way in cleverness”. “ We have all outsmarted ourselves” means which we have been forced to “our cunning and cleverness resultsadder reflection on all that we have become in live? What in our own disadvantage. ” this new and puzzling time? 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. We trust no one. Suburban housewives wear rape 我们在自我防卫方面变得如此聪明 , 最终全都聪明反被聪明误。 whistles on their station wagon key chains. We have become so smart about self-protection that, in the end, we have all outsmarted ourselves. We may have locked the evils out, but in so doing we have locked ourselves in.
But no; with all this “security, ” we are perhaps the most insecure nation in the history of civilized man. What better word to describe the way in which we have been forced to live? What sadder reflection on all that we have become in this new and puzzling time? We trust no one. Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their station wagon key chains. We have become so smart about self-protection that, in the end, we have all outsmarted ourselves. We may have locked the evils out, but in so doing we have locked ourselves in.
But no; with all this “security, ” we are perhaps the most civilize: vt. cause to improve from a primitive stage of human society to a insecure nation in the history of civilized man. What better more developed one The terrorist attack word World Trade on the to describe Center has shocked the civilized world. the way in which we have been forced to live? What sadder reflection on all that we have become in It must be admitted that the Romans helped this new and puzzling time? to civilize many Europeans at that time. We trust no one. Suburban housewives wear rape 非洲国家希望把非洲所有的原始部落都变成文明社会。 whistles on their station wagon key chains. We have become The African countries hoped to civilize all the primitive tribes on the land. so smart about self-protection that, in the end, we have all outsmarted ourselves. We may have locked the evils out, but in so doing we have locked ourselves in.
reflection: n. 1) a thing bringing discredit or criticism (followed by on) But no; with all this “security, ” we are perhaps the most The fact that we all failed the test was a reflection insecure nation in the history of civilized man. What better on our teacher. This is a reflection word to describe the way in which we have been forced to on your honor. 2) reflecting (careful thinking) or being reflected live? What sadder reflection on all that we have become in this new and puzzling time? 他沉思片刻后才回答。 We trust no one. Suburban housewives wear rape After a minute’s reflection, he answered. whistles on their station wagon key chains. We have become Collocation： 使人们对……产生鄙视（或怀疑） cast a reflection on so smart about self-protection that, in the end, we have all outsmarted ourselves. We may have locked the evils out, but 指责（某人） ast/throw reflections on on/upon reflection 经再三思考 in so doing we have locked ourselves in. On further reflection, she saw her mistake. without reflection 轻率，不经思考
That may be the legacy we remember best when we look back on this age: In dealing with the unseen horrors among us, we became prisoners of ourselves. All of us prisoners, in this time of our troubles.
That may be the legacy we remember best when we look back on this age: In dealing with the unseen horrors among us, we became prisoners of ourselves. All of us prisoners, in this time of our troubles.
That may be the legacy we remember best when we look back on: think about (sth. ) in one’s past back on this age: In dealing with I always look backthethose days horrors among us, we on unseen as the happiest time of my life. became prisoners of ourselves. All 当你回顾你的一生时，你最珍惜的是什么时候？ this time of our of us prisoners, in troubles. When you look back on your life, what moments would you cherish the most?
After Reading 1. Useful Expressions 2. Spot Dictation 3. Mock Debate -- Have Gun, Will Shoot 4. Discussion 5. Writing Practice -- Cause and Effect Essays Introduction Procedure Useful Expressions in Cause and Effect Writing Homework 6. Proverbs And Quotations
Useful Expressions 1. (门)关着但没上锁 2. 带钥匙 on the latch carry keys 3. (暂时)关闭 close up 4. 巡逻严密的城区街道 well-patrolled urban streets 5. 据称很宁静的地区 the allegedly tranquil areas 6. ……的时代结束了 the era of … is over 7. 电子报警系统 electronic alarm systems 8. 连接到 hook up to
Useful Expressions 9. 内置，嵌入 build in 10. 处于监控下 under surveillance 11. 设置路障 put up barricades 12. 保安 security guards 13. 不让靠近 hold/keep (sb. ) at bay 14. 电子搜查器 electronic friskers 15. 看都不看一眼 without so much as a sideways glance stand for 16. 代表；表示，象征
Useful Expressions 17. 沉浸于，沐浴于 be bathed in 18. 误差率很小/大 with/by a small/large margin of error 19. 在人类文明的历史上 in the history of civilized man 20. 聪明反被聪明误 outsmart oneself 21. 回首（过去）， 回顾（以往） look back on 22. 看不见的恐惧 unseen horrors
Spot Dictation Listen and fill in the blanks with the missing words. Planning for Safer Buildings Experts are beginning to study ways tosecure large ______ buildings against terroristattacks. They are reacting to the ______ attacks that destroyedthe World Trade Center buildings in ____ New York September eleventh. The American Institute of Steel Construction has created a working group of experts to _____the reasons the investigate buildings fell. The A-I-S-C is the organization _____ responsible ___ developing the rules for the design of ____ buildings in for steel Information the United States. _____ developed by the working group will help A-I-S-C decide if the design rules should be changed. ■
Spot Dictation Listen and fill in the blanks with the missing words. The south World Trade Center building fell fifty-six passenger minutes after a _____ plane crashed into it. The north building fell about one hundred minutes after a. Each building was four hundred ten ______ similar crash survive meters tall. Experts say the buildings could not ______ the extremely hot fires caused by the airplane fuel.
Mock Debate -- Have Gun, Will Shoot (有枪，就有凶杀) 1. Complete the following table. Reason for allowing handguns Dangerous society. Reasons for not allowing handguns If one person has one, more and more will buy them.
Mock Debate -- Have Gun, Will Shoot (有枪，就有凶杀) 2. In small groups, compare your answers. What are your own ideas on these questions? 1) Do you think having a personal gun is a good idea? Why or why not? 2) What would cause you to buy a personal gun? 3) Describe the circumstances that would make a gun a necessary part of every home.
Mock Debate -- Have Gun, Will Shoot (有枪，就有凶杀) 3. Prepare and debate on the following topic. As is well known, gun control is a highly controversial issue in the United States. Some argue that guns must be placed under control; others maintain that there is no need for strict control of guns. Suppose you are two groups of Americans holding contrary views on gun control and debate the issue.
Discussion 1. What do you think has led to deterioration in security 2. in the US? 2. Is there a similar problem in other parts of the world today? If so, what can be done to better the situation? 3. What do you understand by the author’s remark “We have become so smart about self-protection that, in the end, we have all outsmarted ourselves”?
Introduction Cause and effect essays are concerned with why things happen (causes) and what happens as a result (effects). Cause and effect is a common method of organizing and discussing ideas.
Procedure Follow these steps when writing a cause and effect essay. 1) Distinguish between cause and effect. 2) Develop your thesis statement. 3) Find and organize supporting details. You can organize details in the following ways: 4) Using appropriate transitions.
Procedure • Chronological The following is an example of a chain reaction: • Order of importance • Categorical Here is an outline example:
Procedure • Chronological The following is an example of a chain reaction: thought about a friend car wouldn’t start failed math course forgot to buy gas missed math exam
Useful Expressions in Cause and Effect Writing Cause and Effect For Causes For Effects because due to one cause is another is since for first second consequently as a result thus resulted in one result is another is therefore Degrees of Certainty certainly may necessarily perhaps possibly probably undoubtedly unquestionably Levels of Importance above all equally important finally first initially last primarily second
Homework Describe some of the problems caused by overcrowding in cities causes and suggest at least one possible solution. Model The twentieth century saw a major increase in the world’s population. Yet large parts of the globe remain uninhabitable, so people are drawn towards living in existing towns and cities. As a result our modern-day cities face a number of serious problems, which are due to overcrowding. Cities teeming with people are put under great strain to supply housing, health care, education, jobs and a certain quality of life for the inhabitants. The consequence of too dense a population is that one or all
Homework Describe some of the problems caused by overcrowding in cities causes and suggest at least one possible solution. Model of these areas must suffer. Owing to being over-peopled Britain’s main cities all have a number of people living on the streets. Life must be extremely hard for these people and one effect of such a lifestyle is that drug abuse and crime rates rise. For this reason, we must look to the cause of the problem, which is simply an unchecked epidemic of people. Thus, governments must educate people to limit the size of their family. In China, couples are penalized financially as a consequence of having more than one child.
Homework Describe some of the problems caused by overcrowding in cities causes and suggest at least one possible solution. Model This may seem cruel, but the “one-child policy” is beginning to have an effect on the world’s most populous nation. Such similar policies may also be necessary in other overcrowded nations and this, in turn, would eventually result in solving the problem of overcrowding in cities. (224 words)
Proverbs and Quotations 1. Weapons bode (breed) peace. 武装预兆和平/有武装就有和平。 2. When guns speak it is too late to argue. 枪炮发言时，争辩已太迟。 3. It is the man behind the gun that tells. 决定胜负的是枪炮后面的人。
Proverbs and Quotations 4. Good order is the foundation of all things. -- E. Burke, British statesman 良好的秩序是一切的基础。 — 英国政治家 E. 伯克 5. Punishment is justice for the unjust. -- Augustine, British writer 惩罚是对正义的伸张。 — 英国作家 奥古斯丁
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