Before Next Meeting Wednesday Readings Henretta

Before Next Meeting (Wednesday) • Readings: – Henretta, pp. 162 --202 – Rakove, pp. 69 -96 (pp. 1 -68 this week) • Roundtable #3 preparations (for Wednesday’s roundtable) • Roundtable #4 preparations (for Monday’s roundtable) • Analysis Paper #2 preparations (due two weeks from today)

Outline for Monday 5 November 2007 through week 8: Civil War and Uncivil Warfare: Violent Legacies and Reconstructive Imperatives (How to rebuild from a century of wars? ) 1. Midterm Exam results/overview/examples 2. Implications of French and Indian War and the Paris Peace of 1763 3. Inter-war tensions and the cycle of violence, 1763 -1783 4. Primary Source analysis: a. Samuel Adams b. Francis Smith on Lexington and Concord c. Dunmore’s Proclamation (Broadside collection) d. Continental Congress on Loyalists (Broadside collection) e. Other broadside documents? 5. Governing the new nation during and after war, 1775— 1789 6. Triumphs and tragedies under the Articles of Confederation

Weeks #6 & #7 Readings: Henretta, pp. 131 -161, 162 -206; Rakove, pp. 1 -98 Discussion Themes: 1. How did people in the British colonies experience the war of 17531763, and how did that experience affect their perceptions of British authority after 1763? 2. How did American perceptions of British goals compare with the priorities of British authorities during the same period? 3. How did North Americans respond to British efforts to reform the imperial system after 1763? 4. What were the alleged goals of the British reforms, from the British perspective? How did the patriots and loyalists differ in their perceptions of those goals and why? Voices: Samuel Adams (Boston, ca. 1760 s), Francis Smith (Boston, ca. 1775), Continental Congress (ca. 1774 -1783), House of Representatives (Mass. , 1765), Martin Howard, Jr. (Halifax, 1765), John Adams (Boston, 1766)

The Century of Imperial Wars • King William’s War (1689 -1697; War of the League of Augsburg—Britain vs France, Spain, Austria) • Queen Anne’s War (1702 -1713; War of the Spanish Succession—Britain vs France and Spain) • War of Jenkins’s Ear (1739 -1741; English seek markets in Spanish America—Walpole’s policy of trade expansion) • King George’s War (1740 -1748; Capture & return of Louisbourg) • French and Indian War (Seven Years War, 17531763) • American Revolution (1775 -1783)

Theaters of War, 1713 -1763 1. Frontier Forts 2. Privateering 3. Urban seaports 4. Kidnapping and raiding parties 5. Runaways and rebellions 6. Casualty rates and War widows 7. Land bounty warrants

British Imperial Concerns after Treaty of Paris, 1763

Imperial Pretensions in North America after the Treaty of Paris, 1763

British American Economy after the Treaty of Paris, 1763

British Reforms after 1763 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Proclamation of 1763 (Proclamation Line—response to Pontiac) Sugar Act (1764 tax on imports of French Molasses) Stamp Act (enacted 1765, repealed 1766, never implemented) Quartering Act (1765) Declaratory Act (1766—repeals stamp act, declares authority) Townshend Duties (1767—reduces most taxes, more enforcement) Tea Act (1773—actually reduced the tea tax, more enforcement) “Coercive” Acts (Boston Port, Mass. Govt. , Quartering, and Quebec Acts, 1774)—also known as the “intolerable” acts 9. Quebec Act (one of the “intolerable” acts, 1774) 10. Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation (1775—Virginia’s emancipation proclamation) 11. Occupation of Philadelphia (September 1777)

Managing Occupation: 1. Proclamation Line of 1763 a. Citizens of New France b. Indian allies c. Colonial veterans d. Colonial investors 2. Colony of Quebec a. Provincial authority b. Mercantilist goals c. Rights and authority d. Indian relations 3. Quebec Act, 1774

Postwar Military outposts in British North America: 1. How do troop placements affect colonial economies? 2. How do troop withdrawals or relocation affect colonial economies? 3. How do Indian allies respond to British authority?

American Reactions after 1763 1. 2. 3. Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763—Indian response to settler encroachments forces British intervention to separate parties) Smuggling activities escalate in port cities (Boston, NY, Phil) Stamp Act Rioting (14 -27 August 1765) legitimates erosion of deference and hegemony in major port cities 1. 2. 4. 5. Non-importation agreements & Daughters of Liberty initiatives Sons of Liberty gain support after “success” of Declaratory Act 1. 2. 6. 7. 8. Ebeneezer Mac. Intosh & Boston’s waterfront workers Benjamin Franklin & Philadelphia’s directed protests & petitions (1765 -66) Intimidation tactics (hanging in effigy, posted warnings) Physical attacks (individuals targeted and terrorized to force non-compliance) Boston “Tea Party” and the destruction of private property (British East India Company ships and cargo) Organization of illegal militias and procurement of illegal weapons and arms (the “Minutemen” and the “Sons of Liberty” Attacks on military outposts and storage facilities

Divided Sympathies: Reasons for Loyalist vs support for Insurgency? Why are some areas more likely to be Loyal to British? Where are Insurgents more likely to find support?

Military outposts in British North America on the eve of the Quebec Act 1. Where are troops located & why? 2. What are the apparent priorities of the British in this structure? 3. How does the location of troops affect economic development? a. Implications for political development? b. Implications for local friction? 4. Where does revolutionary violence emerge? 5. Where is British authority most secure? 6. How does troop placement in Quebec compare with New England?

What are Indian interests during the American Revolution? • How do the goals and concerns of the colonists affect Native peoples? • What are the implications for a British victory? • How does the American alliance with Spanish and French affect Indian concerns?

The Urban Crucible: Flashpoint for Revolutionary Violence? 1. Economic and demographic legacies of a century of war 2. Social Paranoia and legacies of fear and loathing a. Slave rebellion scares b. Class resentments c. Poverty, servitude, and slavery d. Frequent unemployment and underemployment 3. Urban life in an era of Urban growth and Rural majority a. Social norms of morality and virtue? b. Expectations of governance and order? c. Hopes for opportunity and mobility (geographic or social? )

Primary Source analysis: 1. Samuel Adams on the Stamp Act, 1765 (p. 144) 2. Francis Smith on Lexington and Concord, 1775 (p. 159) 3. “To Form a More Perfect Union” Broadside collection, http: //www. bedfordstmartins. com/historymodules/CTM/typindex. htm 4. http: //www. bedfordstmartins. com/historymodules/mod 07/frameset. htm

Before Next Meeting (Wednesday) • Readings: – Henretta, pp. 162 --202 – Rakove, pp. 69 -96 (pp. 1 -68 this week)

Flashpoints of Conflict: 1. Inter-colonial rivalries 2. Inter-imperial conflicts 3. Inter-generational crises a. Land pressures b. Urbanization vs model communities 4. Inter-ethnic conflicts 5. Class resentments 6. Inter-racial tensions 7. Economic growth

Landscapes of the Great Awakening